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Citations Irish Tinker Horse Piebald Horse Tobiano Pattern

piebald or pied animal  one that has  pattern unpigmented spots white on  pigmented background  hair feathers  scales   piebald black and white dog  black dog with white spots  animal skin under white background   pigmented

Location unpigmented spots dependent on migrationf Melanoblast melanoblasts primordial pigment from neural crest to paired bilateral locations skin early embryo The resulting pattern appears symmetrical only melanoblasts migrate to both locations pair and proliferate to the same degree in both locations appearance symmetry can be obliterated if proliferation of melanocytes pigment within the developing spots is so great that sizes of spots increase to that some of spots merge leaving only small areas of white background among spots and at tips of extremities

Animals with this pattern may include cat dog fox horse cetaceans deer and Snake snakes Some animal exhibit colouration of the irises of the eye that match the surrounding skin (blue eyes for pink skin brown for dark The underlying genetic cause is related to a condition known as leucism

In medieval English pied indicated alternating contrasting colours making up the Variation of the field quarters of an item of costume or device in heraldry Court jester and minstrels are sometimes depicted in pied costume this is the origin of the name of the Pied Piper of Hamelin

Etymology

The word "piebald" originates from a combination of "pie," from "magpie", and "bald", meaning "white patch" or spot. The reference is to the distinctive black-and-white plumage of the magpie.

Horses

In British English piebald (black and white) and skewbald (white and any colour other than black) are together known as coloured. In North American English, the term for this colouring pattern is pinto, with the specialized term "paint" referring specifically to a breed of horse with American Quarter Horse or Thoroughbred bloodlines in addition to being spotted, whereas pinto refers to a spotted horse of any breed. In American usage, horse enthusiasts usually do not use the term "piebald," but rather describe the colour shade of a pinto literally with terms such as "black and white" for a piebald, "brown and white," or "bay and white," for skewbalds, or color-specific modifiers such as "bay pinto", "sorrel pinto," "buckskin pinto," and such.

Genetically, a piebald horse begins with a black base coat colour, and then the horse also has an allele for one of three basic spotting patterns overlaying the base colour. The most common coloured spotting pattern is called tobiano, and is a dominant gene. Tobiano creates spots that are large and rounded, usually with a somewhat vertical orientation, with white that usually crosses the back of the horse, white on the legs, with the head mostly dark. Three less common spotting genes are the sabino, frame, and splash overo genes, which create various patterns that are mostly dark, with jagged spotting, often with a horizontal orientation, white on the head. The frame variant has dark or minimally marked legs. The sabino pattern can be very minimal, usually adding white that runs up the legs onto the belly or flanks, with "lacy" or roaning at the edge of the white, plus white on the head that either extends past the eye, over the chin, or both. The genetics of overo and sabino are not yet fully understood, but they can appear in the offspring of two solid-coloured parents, whereas a tobiano must always have at least one tobiano parent.

Dogs

In many dog breeds the Piebald gene is common. The white parts of the fur interrupt the pigemented coat patterns. Dogs that may have a spotted or multicolored coat, are often called piebald if their body is almost entirely white or another solid color with spotting and patches on the head and neck. The allele is called sP on the S-locus and is localised with the MITF gene. It is recessive, therefore homozygous individuals show this coat pattern, whereas the heterozygous carriers can be of solid color.

• Bucovina Shepherd Dog
• Red Irish Setter without Piebald spotting
• Irish Setter red and white due to the Piebald gene
• A Biewer Terrier is a Blue and Tan Yorkie with white coat pattern.
• The Beagle is usually tricolor by the Piebald gene.
• Beagles with recessive red have the Piebald gene as well.

Other animals

The various types of magpie gave their name to pied coloration. The bald eagle derives its name from the word "piebald" in reference to the contrast of its white head and tail with dark body. Nadine Gordimer used the term in The Conservationist when referring to kingfishers.

Many other animal species may also be "pied" or piebald including, but not limited to, birds and squirrels. Snakes, especially ball pythons and corn snakes, may also exhibit seemingly varying patches of completely pigmentless scales along with patches of pigmented scales. In 2013, a piebald blood python was discovered in Sumatra. Some domesticated foxes born from the Russian Institute of Cytology and Genetics also carry this coloring.

Bicolor cats carry the white spotting gene (incorrectly called the piebald gene). The same pattern that applies to cats also applies to dogs when the white spotting gene involved is indeed piebald and not another white-causing gene found in dogs. The piebald gene is also found in cows, ferrets, domestic goats, goldfish, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, and fancy rats.

Holstein and Simmental breeds of cattle typically exhibit piebaldism.

See also

Horse Coat

• Equine coat color
• Equine coat color genetics
• Pinto horse
• Tricoloured (horse)

Pigmentation

• Albinism
• Amelanism
• Dyschromia
• Erythrism
• Heterochromia iridum
• Leucism
• Melanism
• Piebaldism
• Skewbald
• Vitiligo
• Xanthochromism

References

1. Harper, Douglas. "Piebald". Online Etymology Dictionary.
2. Skeat, Walter W. (1882). The Concise Dictionary of English Etymology. Hertfordshire: Clarendon Press. p. 442.
3. Sheila Schmutz: Spots and White Markings
4. Genomia: White spotting in dogs
5. "Piebald bloods".
6. Fontanesi, L.; Scotti, E.; Russo, V. (15 Sep 2011). "Haplotype variability in the bovine MITF gene and association with piebaldism in Holstein and Simmental cattle breeds". Animal Genetics. 43 (3): 250–256. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02242.x. ISSN 1365-2052. PMID 22486495.

Sources

• Schaible, R.H. (1969). "Clonal Distribution of Melanocytes in Piebald-spotted and Variegated Mice". J Exp Zool. 172 (2): 181–200. doi:10.1002/jez.1401720205. PMID 5372006.
• Chapter 146, Introduction to Hypopigmentation; Chapter 147, Albinism; Chapter 148, Piebaldism; Chapter 149, Vitiligo. New York: Academic Press. 1979. pp. 11–16. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
• Veterinary Genetics Laboratory. "Introduction to Coat Color Genetics". School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis. Retrieved January 12, 2008.

External links

• "Piebald Moose". Ontario Out of Doors. 17 March 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2014. (extremely rare wild piebald moose photographed in northwest Alberta, Canada)

v t e Equine coat colors
Base coat colors	Black Chestnut (also known as Sorrel) Bay included Seal brown
Gray	Gray
Dilution genes	Cream single dilution: Buckskin Palomino (also known as Isabelline) Smoky black double dilution: Cremello Perlino Smoky cream Champagne Dun (see also Blue dun or Grullo) Pearl Silver dapple
White	Dominant white Sabino-white Lethal white syndrome
Horse markings and patterns	Pinto patterns Overo Splashed white Frame Sabino Tobiano Tovero Base color variations (primarily UK English) Piebald Skewbald Tricoloured Leopard complex Varnish roan See also Appaloosa and Knabstrupper Roaning patterns Roan Rabicano
Other	Bend-Or spots Brindle Cropout Liver Pangaré Point coloration Primitive markings Sooty Flaxen Mushroom Tiger eye
Genetics and breeding	Equine coat color genetics Color breed Horse genome Wildtype Melanin Agouti KIT gene Endothelin receptor type B MITF PAX3 STX17 (Gray) Melanocortin 1 receptor
Category:Horse coat colors

• Horse coat colors
• Animal coat colors
• Dog anatomy
• Cat coat types
• Bird colours