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UVB-76

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"The Buzzer" redirects here. For other uses, see Buzzer (disambiguation).
UVB-76
Broadcast areaRussia, Soviet Union (Former)
Frequency4625 kHz Shortwave
Programming
Language(s)Russian
FormatRepeated buzzing sound
Ownership
OwnerRussian Armed Forces
Sister stationsThe Pip, The Squeaky Wheel
History
First air datec. 1970s
Former call signsУВБ-76, МДЖБ, ЖУОЗ, АНВФ
Former frequencies4625 kHz

UVB-76, also known by the nickname "The Buzzer", is a shortwave radio station that broadcasts on the frequency of 4625 kHz.It broadcasts a short, monotonous buzz tone, repeating at a rate of approximately 25 tones per minute, 24 hours per day. Sometimes, the buzzer signal is interrupted and a voice transmission in Russian takes place. The start date of broadcasting is disputed. However, it was allegedly reported to start broadcasting in 1982. Although it is probably fake.

Name and callsigns

The station is commonly known as The Buzzer in both English and Russian (Template:Lang-ru). From the start of broadcasting, the station identified itself as UYB-76 (Russian: УЫБ-76). From at least 1997 to 2010, the station identified itself as UZB-76 (Template:Lang-ru). The callsign UVB-76 was never used by the station itself, but is rather a mistranscription of UZB-76. However, the station is still often referred by that name. In the following years of transmission, the main callsign of the station changed regularly.

Main callsigns of UVB-76 / The Buzzer
Callsign Used timespan
UZB-76 (УЗБ-76) 1997 – 7 September 2010
MDZhB (МДЖБ) 7 September 2010 – 28 December 2015
ZhUOZ (ЖУОЗ) 28 December 2015 – 1 March 2019
ANVF (АНВФ) 1 March 2019 – 30 December 2020
NZhTI (НЖТИ) 30 December 2020 – current day

In addition to these main callsigns, The Buzzer also uses other "side callsigns" which are being used less frequently than the main callsign. Whenever the main callsign changes, all previous side callsigns are also being discarded. Instead of being limited to one single callsign, any amount of callsigns can be used in a message.

Format

UVB-76 buzzing A short clip of UVB-76's transmission as heard in Southern Finland, 860 km (530 mi) away from the station in 2002.
Problems playing this file? See media help.
External videos
video icon UVB-76 in 1976 on YouTube
video icon UVB-76 in 1982 on YouTube
video icon UVB-76 in 1989 on YouTube
A spectrum for UVB-76 showing the suppressed lower sideband.

The station transmits using AM with a suppressed lower sideband (USB modulation), but it has also used full double-sideband AM (A3E). The signal consists of a buzzing sound that lasts 1.2 seconds, pausing for 1–1.3 seconds, and repeating 21–34 times per minute. Until November 2010, the buzz tones lasted approximately 0.8 seconds each. One minute before the hour, the repeating tone was previously replaced by a continuous, uninterrupted alternating tone, which continued for one minute until the short repeating buzz resumed, although this stopped occurring in June 2010.

Since the start of broadcasting, The Buzzer broadcast as a repeating two-second pip, changing to a buzzer in the late 1980s/early 1990s. It briefly changed to a higher tone of longer duration (approximately 20 tones per minute) on 16 January 2003, but has since reverted to the previous tone pattern. These buzzes have gotten longer in duration and deeper in pitch over time, and breakdowns have been more frequent, suggesting the possibility of the buzzes being mechanically generated.

Voice messages

Sometimes the buzzing sound is interrupted and a voice message is broadcast. These messages are usually given in Russian by a live voice, and follow a fixed format. An example of such a message:

At 21:00 UTC on 24 December 1997: 

Ya UZB-76, Ya UZB-76. 180 08 BROMAL 74 27 99 14. Boris, Roman, Olga, Mikhail, Anna, Leonid. 7 4 2 7 9 9 1 4

Voice messages were thought to be very rare, until 2010 when listeners reported increased activity of the station, spurring on further monitoring and allowing listeners to "catch" more of the messages which would have otherwise gone unnoticed. On 5 June 2010, The Buzzer went silent for approximately 24 hours, resuming the normal buzzing pattern on the morning of 6 June. At 13:35 UTC on 23 August 2010, a voice message was broadcast: 

UZB-76, UZB-76. 93 882 NAIMINA 74 14 35 74. 9 3 8 8 2 Nikolai, Anna, Ivan, Mikhail, Ivan, Nikolai, Anna. 7 4 1 4 3 5 7 4

On 17 October 2016, The Buzzer broadcast at least 18 different messages in less than 24 hours.

Apparently, since around the beginning of 2020 and into 2021 more frequent messages have been heard.

Four voice broadcasts could be heard between 13 January and 27 January 2020.

On 11 May 2020, two messages were heard, one at 13:11 UTC and a second one at 15:22 UTC.

On 14 May 2020, another two messages were broadcast, one at 8:00 UTC and another one at around 10:00 UTC.

On 17 June 2020, two messages were heard, one at 11:39 UTC and a second one at 11:47 UTC: 

VZhTsKh VZhTsKh 10 269 KYeDROKYeKS 99 57 53 14.

VZhTsKh VZhTsKh 74 701 KON'YuNKTURA 57 55 86 97 VDYeLYVAN'Ye 06 71 29 59.

On 18 June 2020, one message was heard at 10:12 UTC: 

ANVF ANVF 17 042 DAMPOLYaD 75 79 69 56; 
ANVF ANVF 17 042 DAMPOLYaD 75 79 69 56.

On 1 July 2020, one message was heard at 12:31 UTC: 

VZhTsKh VZhTsKh 217O 217O 88 498 79 789 KAINOGON 52 47 37 68;
VZhTsKh VZhTsKh 217O 217O 88 498 79 789 KAINOGON 52 47 37 68.

On 8 July 2020, from 07:40 UTC to 14:40 UTC, the buzzer broadcast 13 different messages.

On 30 July 2020, three messages were heard, one at 11:20 UTC, a second one at 12:16 UTC and the third message at 13:14 UTC: 

ANVF ANVF 18 844 BRYZGALKA 94 96 27 09 ATOLLOVYJ 60 76 53 11;
ANVF ANVF 18 844 BRYZGALKA 94 96 27 09 ATOLLOVYJ 60 76 53 11.

ANVF ANVF 54 400 BAULOBYK 53 57 71 19;
ANVF ANVF 54 400 BAULOBYK 53 57 71 19.

ANVF ANVF 77 253 BUKVOYeD 40 68 55 47;
ANVF ANVF 77 253 BUKVOYeD 40 68 55 47.

On 3 August 2020, one message was heard at 12:45 UTC: 

ANVF ANVF 61 691 KOLOMER 92 80 07 74;
ANVF ANVF 61 691 KOLOMER 92 80 07 74.

On 6 August 2020, one message was heard at 11:43 UTC: 

VZhTsKh VZhTsKh 217O 217O 34 050 41 065 KARTING 82 17 24 19;
VZhTsKh VZhTsKh 217O 217O 34 050 41 065 KARTING 82 17 24 19.

On 9 August 2020, one message was heard at 10:45 UTC: 

VZhTsKh VZhTsKh 217O 217O 58 930 78 148 ZABORChIK 84 48 55 97;
VZhTsKh VZhTsKh 217O 217O 58 930 78 148 ZABORChIK 84 48 55 97.

On 11 August 2020, two messages were heard at 03:22 UTC: 

ANVF ANVF 11 234 LAGOKYuRI 69 69 10 18;
ANVF ANVF 11 234 LAGOKYuRI 69 69 10 18.

ANVF ANVF 52 135 KORZhOBAYaN 54 05 29 46;
ANVF ANVF 52 135 KORZhOBAYaN 54 05 29 46.

On 12 August 2020, one message was heard at 02:17 UTC: 

87O1 87O1 217O 217O 19 611 61 649 BOYeKOKLYeJ 83 62 80 06;
87O1 87O1 217O 217O 19 611 61 649 BOYeKOKLYeJ 83 62 80 06.

On 14 August 2020, from 02:11 UTC to 08:12 UTC, the buzzer broadcast 13 different messages.

On 21 August 2020, a very long message with 16 callsigns was heard at 17:25 UTC: 

'M4T 5PTsB LNTM ZhD9S MSZh7 28YA YeDGShch 7U8T KhIZhJ OMP4 58Shch1 53AJ AMVS 34ShchK V'TD YeIYJ 69 536 32 000 24 664 75 363 81 077 90 617 42 765 89 276 80 984 65 798 07 393 98 234 13 379 16 021 27 767 66 461 68 580 GNYeTOTOR 73 21 86 73;                                                                                                                                                                                             'M4T 5PTsB LNTM ZhD9S MSZh7 28YA YeDGShch 7U8T KhIZhJ OMP4 58Shch1 53AJ AMVS 34ShchK V'TD YeIYJ 69 536 32 000 24 664 75 363 81 077 90 617 42 765 89 276 80 984 65 798 07 393 98 234 13 379 16 021 27 767 66 461 68 580 GNYeTOTOR 73 21 86 73.

On 22 August 2020, four messages were heard, one at 04:04 UTC, a second one at 10:12 UTC, a third message at 13:07 UTC and a last one at 15:05 UTC: 

VZhTsKh 54 733 KORMOZONT 25 32 86 50;
VZhTsKh 54 733 KORMOZONT 25 32 86 50.

'M4T 5PTsB LNTM ZhD9S MSZh7 28YA YeDGShch 2GYeTs 7U8T KhIZhJ OMP4 58Shch1 53AJ AMVS 34ShchK V'TD YeIYJ 97 079 72 005 88 147 07 542 53 273 10 004 68 520 00 169 66 800 45 344 93 229 13 776 40 817 98 387 12 217 99 994 06 523 DUDOChNIK 85 29 05 64;
'M4T 5PTsB LNTM ZhD9S MSZh7 28YA YeDGShch 2GYeTs 7U8T KhIZhJ OMP4 58Shch1 53AJ AMVS 34ShchK V'TD YeIYJ 97 079 72 005 88 147 07 542 53 273 10 004 68 520 00 169 66 800 45 344 93 229 13 776 40 817 98 387 12 217 99 994 06 523 DUDOChNIK 85 29 05 64.

'M4T 5PTsB LNTM ZhD9S MSZh7 28YA YeDGShch 2GYeTs 7U8T KhIZhJ OMP4 58Shch1 53AJ AMVS 34ShchK V'TD YeIYJ 16 532 60 735 53 207 40 835 15 923 30 347 55 255 04 470 85 804 11 939 04 194 66 007 50 830 05 109 40 791 41 063 24 537 IKROMYeT 62 77 18 81;
'M4T 5PTsB LNTM ZhD9S MSZh7 28YA YeDGShch 2GYeTs 7U8T KhIZhJ OMP4 58Shch1 53AJ AMVS 34ShchK V'TD YeIYJ 16 532 60 735 53 207 40 835 15 923 30 347 55 255 04 470 85 804 11 939 04 194 66 007 50 830 05 109 40 791 41 063 24 537 IKROMYeT 62 77 18 81.

'M4T 5PTsB LNTM ZhD9S MSZh7 28YA YeDGShch 2GYeTs 7U8T KhIZhJ OMP4 58Shch1 53AJ AMVS 34ShchK V'TD YeIYJ 34 532 25 876 72 427 86 875 51 023 84 399 70 719 31 228 14 904 00 193 04 311 15 069 05 852 38 785 39 223 85 666 01 562 GUL'BIShchYe 15 69 48 42;                                                                                                                                                                                       'M4T 5PTsB LNTM ZhD9S MSZh7 28YA YeDGShch 2GYeTs 7U8T KhIZhJ OMP4 58Shch1 53AJ AMVS 34ShchK V'TD YeIYJ 34 532 25 876 72 427 86 875 51 023 84 399 70 719 31 228 14 904 00 193 04 311 15 069 05 852 38 785 39 223 85 666 01 562 GUL'BIShchYe 15 69 48 42;

On 23 August 2020, one message was heard at 16:28 UTC: 

ANVF ANVF 217O 217O 83 466 95 436 KUMOZhBAN 64 79 23 75;
ANVF ANVF 217O 217O 83 466 95 436 KUMOZhBAN 64 79 23 75.

Frequent voice messages continued through the remainder of 2020 and through 2021.

Unusual transmissions

Distant conversations and other background noises have frequently been heard behind the buzzer, suggesting that the buzzing tones are not generated internally, but are transmitted from a device placed behind a live and constantly open microphone. Because of the occasional fluctuating pitch of the buzzing tones, it is supposed that the tones are generated by a tonewheel as used in a Hammond organ. It is also possible that a microphone may have been turned on accidentally. One such occasion was on 3 November 2001, when a conversation in Russian was heard: 

Я – 143. Не получаю генератор... ...идёт такая работа от аппаратной.
(English: "I am 143. Not receiving the generator (oscillator)... ...that stuff comes from hardware room.")

Below is a log of unusual signals and other anomalies which listeners to UVB-76 have captured;

In September 2010, several unusual broadcasts were observed; these included portions of the buzzer being replaced with extracts from Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake, and in one instance, a sound that resembled that of a woman screaming.

On 11 November 2010, intermittent phone conversations were transmitted and were recorded by a listener (at 14:00 UTC) for a period of approximately 30 minutes. These conversations are available online, and seem to be in Russian. The phone calls mentioned the "brigade operative officer on duty", the communication codes "Debut", "Nadezhda" (Russian for "hope", both a noun and a female name), "Sudak" (an alternate name for the Zander, and also a town in Crimea) and "Vulkan" (volcano). The female voice says: 

Офицер дежурного узла связи "Дебют", прапорщик Успенская. Получила контрольный звонок от Надежды... ...поняла.
(English: "Officer of the duty station "Debut", ensign Uspenskaya. Received a test call from Nadezhda ... ... understood.")

On 17 July 2015, the station broadcast what appeared to be a RTTY signal in lieu of the buzzer.

Location and function

The purpose of the station has not been confirmed by government or broadcast officials. However, Rimantas Pleikys, a former Minister of Communications and Informatics of the Republic of Lithuania, has written that the purpose of the voice messages is to confirm that operators at receiving stations are alert. Other explanations are that the broadcast is constantly being listened to by military commissariats.

There is speculation published in the Russian Journal of Earth Sciences which describes an observatory measuring changes in the ionosphere by broadcasting a signal at 4625 kHz, the same as the Buzzer.

The most likely purpose is that the voice messages are some sort of Russian/Soviet military communications. The station being a numbers station for intelligence agencies such as the FSB or the former KGB of the Soviet Union is extremely unlikely due to the fact that messages occur at random, unpredictable times, while numbers stations use a fixed schedule which changes rarely. In addition to that, the non-changing frequency of 4625 kHz and the low transmitter power are unsuitable for reliable communication from Russia to Europe, where spies would be stationed.

The buzzing functions as a "channel marker" used to keep the frequency occupied, thereby making it unattractive for other potential users. The signature sound could be used for tuning to the signal on an old analogue receiver. The modulation is suitable to be detected by an electromechanical frequency detector, similar to a tuning fork. This can be used to activate the squelch on a receiver. Due to the varying emission properties on shortwave bands, using a level-based squelch is unreliable. This also allows a signal loss to be detected, causing an alarm to sound on the receiver.

Another theory, described in a BBC article, states that the tower is connected to the Russian 'Perimeter' missile system, and emits a “Dead Hand” signal that will trigger a nuclear retaliatory response if the signal is interrupted as a result of a nuclear attack against Russia. This theory is also very unlikely, due to The Buzzer stopping / breaking down regularly, potentially triggering the Dead Hand by mistake.

There are two other Russian stations that follow a similar format, nicknamed "The Pip" and "The Squeaky Wheel". Like the Buzzer, these stations transmit a signature sound that is repeated constantly, but is occasionally interrupted to relay coded voice messages.

The former transmitter was located near Povarovo, Russia, at 56°5′0″N 37°6′37″E / 56.08333°N 37.11028°E / 56.08333; 37.11028 which is about halfway between Zelenograd and Solnechnogorsk and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of Moscow, near the village of Lozhki. The location and callsign were unknown until the first known voice broadcast of 1997. In September 2010, the station's transmitter was moved to the nearby city of Saint Petersburg, near the village of Kerro Massiv. This may have been due to a reorganization of the Russian military. Prior to 9 August 2015, the station is not transmitted from the Kerro Massiv transmitter site ("Irtysh") anymore, possibly due to a reorganization of the Russian military for the particular area which may cause the frequency to be used only in the Moscow Military District. At present, The Buzzer appears to be broadcast only from the 69th Communication Hub in Naro Fominsk, Moscow. In 2011, a group of urban explorers claimed to have explored the buildings at Povarovo to find an abandoned military base and, in it, a radio log record confirming the operation of a transmitter at 4625 kHz.

Other callsigns

Besides the main callsign, there have been transmissions containing different callsigns such as: LNR4 (Russian: ЛНР4), 87OI (Russian: 87ОИ), VM62 (Russian: ВМ62), A1JZh (Russian: А1ЙЖ), MSZh7 (Russian: МСЖ7), OMP4 (Russian: ОМП4), 7U8T (Russian: 7У8Т), VLHN (Russian: ВЛХН), 217O (Russian: 217О), ANVF (Russian: АНВФ), VZhCH (Russian: ВЖЦХ), LNRCh (Russian: ЛНРЧ), VShchCH (Russian: ВЩЦХ), 34ShchK (Russian: 34ЩК), YeDGShch (Russian: ЕДГЩ), 58Shch1 (Russian: 58Щ1), LNR4 (Russian: ЛНР4), 5Ye27 (Russian: 5Е27), M4Z2 (Russian: М7З2), 'M4T (Russian: ЬМ4Т), 5PTsB (Russian: 5ПЦБ), LNTM (Russian: ЛНТМ), ZhD9S (Russian: ЖД9С), 28YA (Russian: 28ЫА), KhIZhJ (Russian: ХИЖЙ), 53AJ (Russian: 53АЙ), AMVS (Russian: АМВС), V'TD (Russian: ВЬТД), YeIYJ (Russian: ЕИЫЙ).

See also

References

  1. ^ "The Buzzer". October 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
  2. ^ "The Buzzer › Priyom.org". priyom.org. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  3. ^ Savodnik, Peter (27 September 2011). "Inside the Russian Short Wave Radio Enigma". Wired. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  4. ^ Gorvett, Zaria (15 July 2020). "The ghostly radio station that no one claims to run". BBC. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  5. UVB-76 MDZhB [24.12.1997] [21:58 UTC] (180 08 BROMAL 74 27 99 14), retrieved 20 October 2021
  6. "UVB-76 MDZhB [23.08.2010] [13:35] (93 882 NAIMINA 74 14 35 74)". 5 July 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  7. ^ Boender, Ary (January 2002). "Oddities". ENIGMA 2000 Newsletter – Issue 8. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  8. ^ "Russian HF Beacons". 24 December 2000. Archived from the original on 7 September 2019. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  9. "UVB". Youtube. 2 August 1976. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
  10. Boender, Ary (1995). "Numbers & oddities: Column 1". Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  11. "El misterio de las emisiones de radio secretas". ABC (in Spanish). 26 August 2010. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  12. Turnbull, Alex (21 July 2009). ""The Buzzer" (UVB-76)". Googlesightseeing.com. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  13. Newitz, Annalee (27 August 2010). "They're broadcasting those Russian numbers again". Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  14. Priyom.org (17 October 2016). "Today's extraordinary Russian military channel marker message stats: - Buzzer: 18 - Pip: 20 - Wheel: 21 - 5292: 0" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  15. Русские Устные Сообщения (Radio broadcast) (in Russian). 13 January 2020. Event occurs at 22:24 UTC. Retrieved 16 November 2020 – via Soundcloud.
    Русские Устные Сообщения 2 (Radio broadcast) (in Russian). 15 January 2020. Event occurs at 20:26 UTC. Retrieved 16 November 2020 – via Soundcloud.
    Русские Устные Сообщения 3 (Radio broadcast) (in Russian). 16 January 2020. Event occurs at 09:43 UTC. Retrieved 16 November 2020 – via Soundcloud.
    Русские Устные Сообщения 4 (Radio broadcast) (in Russian). 27 January 2020. Event occurs at 11:31 UTC. Retrieved 16 November 2020 – via Soundcloud.
  16. "The Buzzer/UVB-76(4625Khz) May 11th 2020 13:11UTC Voice message". 11 May 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  17. "The Buzzer/UVB-76(4625Khz) May 11th 2020 15:22UTC Voice message". 11 May 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  18. "14.05.2020 | УВБ-76 UVB-76 Все сообщения All messages". 15 May 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  19. "The Buzzer/UVB-76(4625Khz) June 17th 2020 11:39UTC Voice message". 17 June 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  20. "The Buzzer/UVB-76(4625Khz) June 17th 2020 11:47UTC Voice message". 17 June 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  21. "The Buzzer/UVB-76(4625Khz) June 18th 2020 10:12UTC Voice message". 18 June 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  22. "[UVB-76, The Buzzer] Voice Message; 1. July 2020, 12:31 UTC". 1 July 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  23. "The Buzzer/UVB-76(4625Khz) July 8th 2020 Voice messages". 8 July 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  24. "The Buzzer/UVB-76(4625Khz) July 30th 2020 11:20UTC Voice message". 30 July 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  25. "The Buzzer/UVB-76(4625Khz) July 30th 2020 12:16UTC Voice message". 30 July 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  26. "The Buzzer/UVB-76(4625Khz) July 30th 2020 13:14UTC Voice message". 30 July 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  27. "August 3rd 2020 12:45UTC Voice message". August 3rd 2020 12:45UTC Voice message.
  28. "August 6th 2020 11:43UTC Voice message". August 6th 2020 11:43UTC Voice message.
  29. "August 9th 2020 10:45UTC Voice message". August 9th 2020 10:45UTC Voice message.
  30. "August 11th 2020 03:22UTC Voice message". August 11th 2020 03:22UTC Voice message.
  31. "August 12th 2020 02:17UTC Voice message". August 12th 2020 02:17UTC Voice message.
  32. "August 14th 2020 Voice messages". August 14th 2020 Voice messages.
  33. "August 21th 2020 17:25UTC Very long Voice message". August 21th 2020 17:25UTC Very long Voice message.
  34. "August 22nd 2020 Voice messages". August 22nd 2020 Voice messages.
  35. "August 24th 2020 16:28UTC Voice message". August 24th 2020 16:28UTC Voice message.
  36. "Mysteriózní rádio už 30 let vysílá záhadný signál a teď i tajnou šifru", Technet.cz, August 27, 2010 (English)
  37. "The Unexplained Signals Of Russian Station UVB-76". Gizmodo Australia. 18 July 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
  38. "UVB-76". Evan's Media. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  39. "UVB-76 MDZhB [02.09.2010] Swan Lake". YouTube. UVB-76 Activity Channel.
  40. "UVB-76 2010-11-11 14.00 UTC". Retrieved 11 October 2012.
  41. "Translation by a Reddit user". Retrieved 3 August 2014.
  42. "Recording of the phone calls on UVB76". Soundcloud. 11 November 2010. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  43. "The Buzzer has changed sound?". reddit.
  44. "UVB-76 (The Buzzer) appears to be sending out a RTTY-like signal right now. Anyone care to decode it?". reddit.
  45. "UVB76 with RTTY". Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  46. "Single letter markers – posts from the SPOOKS and WUN listservers". 2000. Archived from the original on 25 November 2007. Retrieved 29 August 2008.
  47. Pleikys, Rimantas (1998). Jamming. Vilnius, Lithuania: Rimantas Pleikys.
  48. "Военная "Жужжалка" на частоте 4625 кГц. "Buzzer" UVB-76. – Страница 4". Radioscanner.ru. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  49. "Information-measuring complex and database of mid-latitude Borok Geophysical Observatory". 2008. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  50. Geere, Duncan (August 2010). "Mysterious Russian 'Buzzer' radio broadcast changes". WIRED.CO.UK. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
  51. "El misterioso zumbido de la estación de radio UVB-76" [The mysterious buzz of the UVB-76 radio station]. El Reservado (in Spanish). January 24, 2011. Archived from the original on January 27, 2011. Retrieved January 31, 2011.
  52. wasd. "kwasd's blog " Небольшой фотоотчет с УВБ-76 ("The Buzzer", "Жужжалка")". Blog.kwasd.ru. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
  53. "Sample Buzzer Logbook" (PDF). 22 September 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2016.

Further reading

  • Handler, Stephen (December 2013). "Is Russia's Buzzer a Doorbell to Doomsday?". Popular Communications. 32 (4): 31–33. ISSN 0733-3315.

External links

Live stream from Wedsdr

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