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Revision as of 11:54, 12 December 2021 by 182.185.211.225 (talk) (→History)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) This article is about the kingdom. For the geographic area, see Vaspurakan.| Kingdom of VaspurakanՎասպուրական | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 908–1021 | |||||||||
 The Kingdom of Vaspurakan from 908 to 1021 | |||||||||
| Status | Kingdom | ||||||||
| Capital | Van | ||||||||
| Common languages | Armenian | ||||||||
| Religion | Armenian Apostolic Church | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| King | |||||||||
| • 908–937/943 | Gagik I Artsruni | ||||||||
| • 937/943—958/959 | Derenik-Ashot | ||||||||
| • 958/959–968/969 | Abusahl-Hamazasp | ||||||||
| • 968/969–1003 | Ashot-Sahak | ||||||||
| • 991–1003 | Gurgen-Khachik | ||||||||
| • 1003–1021 | Seneqerim-Hovhannes | ||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||
| • Gagik I recognized as King of Armenia by Arab Caliph | 908 | ||||||||
| • Seneqerim-Hovhannes gave Vaspurakan to the Byzantine Empire | 1021 | ||||||||
| Currency | Solidus (coin), Hyperpyron | ||||||||
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| Today part of | Turkey Iran Iraq Azerbaijan | ||||||||
| Part of a series on the |
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| History of Armenia |
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| Prehistory |
| Antiquity |
| Middle Ages |
| Early modern age |
| Modern age |
| Timeline • Origins • Etymology |
Vaspurakan (also transliterated as Vasbouragan in Western Armenian; Template:Lang-hy, (Vaspowrakan) was a Mediaval Armenian kingdom meaning the "noble land" or "land of princes") was the first and biggest province of Greater Armenia, which later became an independent kingdom during the Middle Ages, centered on Lake Van. Located in what is now called eastern Turkey and northwestern Iran, the region is considered to be the cradle of Armenian civilization.
History
The Great Seljuk Empire or the Seljuk Empire, was a high medieval Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire, originating from the Qiniq branch of Oghuz Turks. At the time of its greatest extent, the Seljuk Empire controlled a vast area, stretching from western Anatolia and the Levant in the west to the Hindu Kush in the east, and from Central Asia in the north to the Persian Gulf in the south.
The Seljuk empire was founded in 1037 by Tughril (990–1063) and his brother Chaghri (989–1060). From their homelands near the Aral Sea, the Seljuks advanced first into Khorasan and then into mainland Persia, before eventually conquering Baghdad and eastern Anatolia. The Seljuks won the battle of Manzikert in 1071, and then conquered most of the rest of Anatolia, wresting it from the Byzantine Empire. This was one of the impetuses for the First Crusade (1095–1099). The Seljuk empire began to decline in the 1140s, and by 1194 had been supplanted by the Khwarazmian Empire.
During most of its history it was ruled by the Artsruni dynasty, which first managed to create a principality in the area. At its greatest extent Vaspurakan comprised the lands between Lake Van and Lake Urmia (also known as Kaputan) in 908. During this time they were under the sovereignty of the Bagratuni Kingdom of Ani.
Vaspurakan was elevated to the status of a kingdom in 908, when Gagik I of Vaspurakan was recognized King of Armenia by the Abbasids and at first was on their side, but soon he regretted and together with Ashot II defeated the Arabs. Soon he was recognized as the King of Vaspurakan by the Bagratuni Ashot II. In 1021 Seneqerim Artsruni gave Vaspurakan to the Byzantine Empire, receiving Sebasteia and its surroundings. Vaspurakan became the Byzantine province (thema) of Vasprakania or Media. In about 1050 Vasprakania was merged with that of Taron, but was conquered by the Saljuq Turks between 1054-1056. In the 13th century part of Vaspurakan was liberated by Zakarids. But soon was conquered by Mongols, then by Ottoman Turks.
After the Byzantine annexation the dynasty continued with Derenik, son of Gurgen Khatchik, who became lord of Antzivaziq by 1004 and had two brothers: Gugik and Ashot. King Hovhannes-Seneqerim also had several children among them David, Atom, Abushal and Constantine. There is a legend that one of Seneqerim's daughter is thought to have married Mendo Alao, an Alan who lived in Lusitania. David had a daughter that married King Gagik II of Ani.
Another branch of the family appeared on the person of Khatchik the Great in 1040, who had three children: Hasan, Djendjluk and Ishkhanik. Hasan had a son called Abelgharib who had a daughter that married King David of Ani.
The kingdom of Vaspurakan had no specific capital, the court moving as the king transferred his residence from place to place – Van, Ostan/Vostan (modern Gevaş), and so on.
Rulers
Princes
- Hamazasp II, Prince (800–836). Married to a daughter of Ashot Msaker of the Bagratuni family.
- Ashot I Abulabus Artsruni, Prince (836–852). Son of Hamazasp II. First time.
- Gurgen I Artsruni, Prince (852–853). Brother of Ashot I.
- Abu Djafar Artsruni, Prince (853–854). Probably brother of Ashot I.
- Gurgen II Artsruni of Mardastan, Prince. (854–857). Distant seljuk turks
- Grigor-Derenik Artsruni, Prince (857–868). Married Sofia, daughter of Ashot I Bagratuni the Great, Prince of Armenia. Son of Ashot I Artsruni. First time.
- Ashot I Abulabus Artsruni, Prince (868–874). Second time.
- Grigor-Derenik Artsruni, Prince (874–887). Second time.
- Gagik Abu Morvan Artsruni, regent for Grigor-Derenik's sons (887–896), then usurper prince (896–898).
- Ashot-Sargis Artsruni (Ashot II), Prince (898–900). Son of Grigor-Derenik.
- (Vaspurakan occupied by the Sajid emir Afshin (900).)
- Safi, as governor of Van (900–901).
- Ashot-Sargis Artsruni (Ashot II) (901–904). Reinstated. After his death Vaspurakan was divided:
- Gagik III (I) Artsruni, Prince (later king) in northwest Vaspurakan (904–908).Brother of Ashot-Sargis.
- Gurgen III Artsruni, Prince in southeast Vaspurakan (904–925). Brother of Ashot-Sargis.
Kings
- Gagik I (III) Artsruni, crowned king (908-925 northwestern part, 925-943 all Vaspurakan)
- Derenik-Ashot (Ashot III), King (943–953). Son of Gagik I.
- Abusahl-Hamazasp, King (953–972). Brother of Derenik-Ashot I.
- Ashot-Sahak (Ashot IV), King (972–983). Son of Abusahl-Hamazasp.
- Gurgen-Khachik (Gurgen IV), King (983–1003) and Lord of Antzevasiq. Brother of Ashot-Sahak.
- Seneqerim-Hovhannes, Brother of Ashot-Sahak, King (1003–1021) and lord of Rechtuniq. Brother of Gurgen Khatchik.
References
- ^ Hovannisian, Richard G. (1999). Armenian Van/Vaspurakan. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers. Archived from the original on 2011-06-08.
- Hewsen, Robert H. (2001). Armenia: a historical atlas. The University of Chicago Press. p. 126. ISBN 0-226-33228-4.
- http://medbib.com/Vaspurakan
- Hewsen, Robert H. (2001). Armenia: a historical atlas. The University of Chicago Press. p. 116. ISBN 0-226-33228-4.
«Վասպուրական» Հայրենակցական միություն http://vaspurakan.blogspot.com/
Bibliography
- Hovannisian, Richard G., ed. (2000), Armenian Van/Vaspurakan, Historic Armenian Cities and Provinces, Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, OCLC 44774992
- Der Nersessian, Sirarpie. Armenia and the Byzantine Empire: a Brief Study of Armenian Art and Civilization. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1947.
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