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Joseph ben Meir Teomim (1727–1792; Hebrew: יוסף בן מאיר תאומים) was a Galician Rabbi. He was one of the foremost Torah Scholars of his time, a "thorough student of rabbinical literature, and... not unlearned in the secular sciences". He is also referenced as "The Pri Megadim", for his best known work.
Biography
Teomim was born in Shchyrets, then in Poland (today in Ukraine). His father, Rabbi Meir Teomim, became Dayan (rabbinic judge) and Rosh Yeshiva in Lemberg (Lvov), and the family moved there.
Teomim studied Torah, primarily under his father, in the Lvov yeshivah; while still young he took up a position as "preacher and rabbinical instructor" there. At the age of 20 he moved to Komarno to marry. He spent more than a decade there primarily studying and writing, and also working as a melamed.
In 1767, on the invitation of Daniel Itzig, he went to Berlin to co-head a Yeshiva with Rabbi Hirschel Levin. Following his Father's death in 1771, Teomim returned to Lemberg, eventually becoming Dayan there. In 1782 was appointed Rabbi at Frankfurt an der Oder, where he remained until his death.
He was buried in the Jewish cemetery at Frankfurt/Oder.
Works
Rabbi Te'omim's, best know work is Pri Megadim (פרי מגדים), a supercommentary on some of the major commentators on the Shulkhan Aruch: On the Orach chayyim section, he wrote the Mishbetzot Zahav, containing a supercommentary on David ben Samuel's Ṭurei Zahav, and the Eshel Avraham, on Avraham Gombiner's Magen Avraham (Frankfort-on-the-Oder, 1753). On the Yoreh De'ah section, he wrote the Siftei Da'at, on Shabbethai Kohen's Siftei Kohen (ש"ך; Berlin, 1772) as well as continuing the Mishbetzot Zahav.
He also authored:
- Porat Yosef, novellæ on Yebamot and Ketubot, with rules for halakhic decisions (Zolkiev, 1756)
- Ginnat Vradim, seventy rules for the comprehension of the Talmud (Frankfort-on-the-Oder, 1767)
- Tebat Gome, on the Sabbatical sections (Frankfort-on-the-Oder, 1782)
- Shoshanat ha-'Amakim, a methodology of the Talmud, published together with the preceding
- No'am Megadim, commentaries on the prayers, published with the prayer-book Hegyon Leb.
- Rosh Yosef, novellæ on Berachos, Shabbos, Pesachim, Beitzah, Megillah, and Chullin
He left two works in manuscript: Sefer ha-Maggid, a commentary on the Torah and the Haftarot, sermons for Shabbat and festivals, and a twofold commentary on Pirke Avot; and Em la-Binah, a Hebrew, Talmudic Aramaic, and Biblical Aramaic lexicon. In the introduction to the latter, Rabbi Te'omim mentions a great number of his writings on halakhot and ethics, which are no longer in existence.
Bibliography and references
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "TE'OMIM, JOSEPH BEN MEÏR". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Retrieved 14 Mar 2012.
The following bibliography is referred to in the Jewish Encyclopedia article:
- D. Cassel, in Ersch and Gruber, Encyc. section ii., part 31, p. 97;
- Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 1534;
- Neubauer, in Ha-Maggid, xiii. 285;
- Fuenn, Keneset Yisrael, p. 514;
- Buber, Anshe Shem, p. 95.
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- See He: יוסף_תאומים for detail
- Neubauer, Cat. Bodl. Hebr. MSS. No. 1500