This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Sutyarashi (talk | contribs) at 11:13, 13 July 2024 (Ed). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.
Revision as of 11:13, 13 July 2024 by Sutyarashi (talk | contribs) (Ed)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) 19th-century Sufi poet (c. 1845–1901)
| Khwaja Ghulam Farid خواجہ غُلام فرید | |
|---|---|
| Born | c. 1841/1845 Chachran, Bahawalpur, British India (present-day Punjab, Pakistan) |
| Died | 24 July 1901 (aged 56 or 60) Chachran, Bahawalpur, British India (present-day Punjab, Pakistan) |
| Resting place | Mithankot, Punjab, Pakistan |
| Notable work | Diwan-e-Farid Manaqab-e-Mehboobia Fawaid Faridia |
Khwaja Ghulam Farid (also romanized as Fareed; c. 1841/1845 – 24 July 1901) was a 19th-century Sufi poet and mystic from Bahawalpur, Punjab, belonging to the Chishti Order. Most of his work is in the local Multani, or what is now known as Saraiki. However, he also contributed to the Urdu, Persian and the Standard Punjabi literature.
Life
Born into a Koreja family, Khwaja Farid traced descent from Umer (r. 634–644), the second Rashidun caliph. One of his ancestors had migrated to Sindh, and the family was established as saints associated with the Suhrawardī Sufi order. In the early 18th century, the family seat moved to Mithankot, and subsequently transferred their allegiance to the Chishtī order. Khwaja Farid was born in c. 1841/1845 at Chachran. Farid was orphaned around the age of eight when his father died. He was then brought up by his elder brother, Khwāja Fakhr al-Dīn, and grew up to become a scholar and writer. He received a fine formal education at the royal palace of Ṣādiq Muḥammad IV, the Nawab of Bahawalpur. His brother Fakhr al-Dīn, who had brought him up after their parents' deaths, also died when Farid was 26 years old. Farid performed hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) in 1875, and then retired to the Cholistan Desert (also known as Rohi) for chilla (retreat) where he spent a total of eighteen years. He died at Chachran on 24 July, 1901, and was buried at Mithankot.
Works
His most significant works include:
- Diwan-e-Farid
- Manaqabe Mehboobia (in Persian prose)
- Fawaid Faridia (in Persian prose)
In his poetry, he frequently uses the symbolism of a desert. Namely, he discusses how beautiful the desert is and how it attracted him to stay there for 18 years and how he believed that made him feel close to Muhammad. His work however does also include slightly touching the topic of political affairs, opposing the British rule in Bahawalpur state, writing a letter to the Nawab of Bahawalpur and also mentioning it in some of his poetry.
Legacy
| Part of a series on Islam Sufism |
|---|
 |
| Ideas |
| Practices |
Sufi orders
|
| List of sufis |
| Topics in Sufism |
 Islam portal |
- A literary award named after Farid – the Khwaja Ghulam Farid Award – is awarded yearly by the Pakistan Academy of Letters in literature, its recipients including Ismail Ahmedani (in 2013) and Irshad Taunsvi (in 2007) among others.
- In 2001, on Farid's 100th death anniversary (urs), Pakistan Post issued a memorial stamp to honour him in its "Poets of Pakistan" series.
- Sadiq Public School, the public school built by Nawab Sadeq Mohammad Khan V in Bahawalpur, has a house for the day scholars of the prep section named after Farid, called Fareed House.
- Fareed Gate is the name of one of the historic gates surrounding the old city of Bahawalpur named in Farid's honour.
- The Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT) in Rahim Yar Khan District was named after Farid.
- Shrine of Khawaja Ghulam Farid in Rajanpur, Punjab is among the 10 most visited shrines in Pakistan.
See also
- Fariduddin Ganjshakar
- Punjabi literature
- Qari Muhammad Muslehuddin Siddiqui
- Pathanay Khan
- Christopher Shackle
References
- Suvorova, Anna (22 July 2004). Muslim Saints of South Asia: The Eleventh to Fifteenth Centuries. Routledge Sufi Series. Routledge. p. 82. ISBN 978-1134-37005-4.
Later on these assertions became the conventional tradition of the Sufi poetry that was summed up by the Punjabi poet-mystic Khwaja Ghulam Farid (1841–1901) in one of his kāfī:
- ^ Shackle, Christopher (2013). "Ghulām Farīd". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_24430. ISSN 1873-9830.
- Mir, Farina (2010). The Social Space of Language: Vernacular Culture in British Colonial Punjab. South Asia across the Disciplines. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 105–106. ISBN 978-0-520-26269-0.
- Asghar, Muhammad (2016). The Sacred and the Secular: Aesthetics in Domestic Spaces of Pakistan/Punjab. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 92. ISBN 978-3-643-90836-0.
This saint originally belonged to Thatta (Sindh), and is buried in Mithankot, a small town on the right bank of the river Indus. Khwaja Ghulam Farid (1841-1901) is the most famous Chishti Sufi saint in Pakistan and particularly revered in Southern Punjab where Seraiki language is spoken. He composed many mystical lyrics in the Seraiki language.
- PAL announces National Literary Awards Academy of the Punjab in North America website, Published 10 August 2007, Retrieved 15 April 2020
- Sumayia Asif (2 November 2015). "10 most visited shrines in Pakistan". The Express Tribune (newspaper). Retrieved 28 April 2022.