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Anastasia Manahan, usually known as Anna Anderson (16 December 1896 – 12 February 1984), was one of several impostors who claimed to be Grand Duchess Anastasia, the youngest daughter of the last Tsar and Tsarina of Russia, Nicholas II and Alexandra. Hardly any relatives of Grand Duchess Anastasia believed Anderson was the Grand Duchess, who was murdered with her family on the night of 17 July 1918, by Bolsheviks in Ekaterinburg, Russia. Remains from all seven members of the Imperial family have been identified through DNA testing, and the results have been independently verified by multiple laboratories. This confirms that all the Romanovs were murdered.

It is widely accepted that Anderson was Franziska Schanzkowska, a Kashubian factory worker. Credible historians accept this identity, and major news agencies such as The Associated Press and United Press International state as a fact in their reporting that Anderson was Schanzkowska.

As early as the 1920s, a private detective investigation had tried to identify Anderson as Schanzkowska, who was born on 16 December 1896, in Pomerania (then in Prussia but now in Poland). In 1927, based on information from that investigation, the Berlin Police officially accepted the identification of the "Unknown" as Schanzkowska. After a lawsuit that went on for decades, the German courts ruled that Anderson had failed to prove that she was Anastasia.

Anderson's body was cremated upon her death in 1984. Her ashes were buried in the churchyard at Castle Seeon, Germany. Ten years later, DNA tests were conducted on samples of her tissue that had been stored at a Charlottesville, Virginia hospital following a medical procedure. The DNA tests showed that Anderson's mitochondrial DNA did not match in any way the Romanov remains or Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (a great-nephew of Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna), but was consistent with the mitochondrial DNA profile of Karl Maucher, a great-nephew of Franziska Schanzkowska, which indicates that she was Schanzkowska. Four years after the original testing was done, Dr. Terry Melton stated that the DNA sequence tying Anderson to the Schanzkowska family was still unique though the database of DNA patterns had grown much larger, leading to increased confidence she was indeed Franziska Schanzkowsa.

See also

• Romanov claimants

References

1. Vorres, I, The Last Grand Duchess, p.19
2. Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna.1986.
3. ^ Coble, Michael D.; Loreille, Odile M.; Wadhams, Mark J.; Edson, Suni M.; Maynard, Kerry; Meyer, Carna E.; Niederstätter, Harald; Berger, Cordula; Berger, Burkhard; Falsetti, Anthony B.; Gill, Peter; Parson, Walther; Finelli, Louis N. (11 March 2009), "Mystery Solved: The Identification of the Two Missing Romanov Children Using DNA Analysis", PLoS ONE, 4 (3): e4838, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004838, retrieved 22 June 2009{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
4. Godl, John (August 1998), "Anastasia: The Unmasking of Anna Anderson", The European Royal History Journal (VI), Oakland: Arturo Beeche: 3–8
5. Massie, Robert (1995), The Romanovs The Final Chapter, Secaucus, New Jersey: Carol, p. 187
6. Saint Peter and Paul Cathedral and the Grand Ducal Burial Chapel, p.129
7. Vadim Znamenov, Nicholas II:The Imperial Family, p.119
8. Russian Tsars by Boris Antonov, p.172
9. DNA Confirms Remains Of Czar's Children
10. ^ Once A Grand Duchess: Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II, by John Van der Kiste & Coryne Hall, p.174
11. Vorres, I, The Last Grand Duchess, p.240
12. Gutterman, Steve (23 August 2007), Bones turn up in hunt for last czar’s son, Associated Press, retrieved 23 June 2009
13. Sief, Martin (1 May 2008), Romanov mystery finally solved, United Press International, retrieved 23 June 2009
14. Kurth, Peter, Anastasia: The Riddle of Anna Anderson, 1983
15. Clarke, Lost Fortune of the Tsars, p.134
16. Massie, R., The Romanovs The Final Chapter p.193
17. Stoneking, Mark; Melton, Terry; Nott, Julian; Barritt, Suzanne; Roby, Rhonda; Holland, Mitchell; Weedn, Victor; Gill, Peter; Kimpton, Colin; Aliston-Greiner, Rosemary; Sullivan, Kevin (9 January 1995), "Establishing the identity of Anna Anderson Manahan", Nature Genetics, 9: 9–10, doi:10.1038/ng0195-9, retrieved 22 June 2009{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
18. Godl, John (25 March 2000), Remembering Anna Anderson, Boise, Idaho: Archimandrite Nektarios Serfes, retrieved 29 June 2009

Bibliography

• Saint Peter and Paul Cathedral and the Grand Ducal Burial Chapel. St. Petersburg, Russia: The Cultural Committee of the Government of St. Petersburg/The State Museum of the History of St. Petersburg. 2006. ISBN 5-902671-37-X.
• Antonov, Boris (2004). Russian Tsars. St. Petersburg, Russian Federation: Ivan Fiodorov Art Publishers. ISBN 5-93893-109-6.
• Godl, John (August 1998), "Anastasia: The Unmasking of Anna Anderson", The European Royal History Journal (VI), Oakland: Arturo Beeche: 3–8
• Greece, Prince Christopher of (1938). Memoirs of HRH Prince Christopher of Greece. London: The Right Book Club.
• Hall, Coryne (1999). Little Mother of Russia - A Biography of Empress Marie Feodorovna. London: Shepheard-Walwyn (Publishers) Ltd. ISBN 0 85683 177 8. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• King, Greg (2003). The Fate of the Romanovs. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Klier, John (1999). The Quest for Anastasia: Solving the Mystery of the Lost Romanovs. Citadel. ISBN 0-8065-2064-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Knodt, Manfred (1997). Ernst Ludwig: Grossherzog von Hessen und bei Rhein. Sein Leben und seine Zeit,. Darmstadt: Schlapp. ISBN 3-87704-006-3.
• Kurth, Peter (1995). Anastasia: The Life of Anna Anderson. Pimlico. ISBN 0-7126-5954-4.
• Kurth, Peter (1997?). Anastasia: The Riddle of Anna Anderson. Back Bay. ISBN 0-316-50717-2. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
• Kurth, Peter (1995). Tsar. Toronto: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0-316-50787-3.
• Lerche, Anna (2003). A Royal Family: The Story Of Christian IX And His European Descendants. Egmont Lademann A/S Denmark. ISBN 87-15-10957-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Lovell, James Blair (1998). Anastasia: The Lost Princess. Robson. ISBN 0-86051-807-8.
• Massie, Robert K. (1971). Nicholas and Alexandra. London: Pan Books. ISBN 0 330 02213 X.
• Massie, Robert K. (1995). The Romanovs: The Final Chapter. Secaucus, New Jersey: Carol.
• Romanov, Alexander Mikhailovich, Grand Duke (1933). Always A Grand Duke. Cassell.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Van der Kiste, John (2002). Once A Grand Duchess: Xiena, Sister of Nicholas II. Phoenix Mill: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0 7509 2749 6. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• von Hessen und bei Rhein, Ernst Ludwig, Grossherzog (1916). Ernst Ludwig, Grossherzog von Hessen und bei Rhein - Tagebuch. Homburg: Hessiche Hausstiftung.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Von Rahl, Frau (19 June-4 July 1925). The Notes of Frau Von Rahl. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
• Vorres, Ian (2001 revised edition). The Last Grand Duchess. Key Porter Books. ISBN 13 978-1552633021. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
• Yussopov, Felix, Prince (19 September 1927). Letter of Prince Felix Yussopov to Grand Duke Andrei. Hamburg.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Znamenov, Vadim (2004). Nicholas II: The Imperial Family. St. Petersburg, Russian Federation: Abris Publishers. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

External links

• Anastasia: The Unmasking Of Anna Anderson - An online article arguing reasons Anna Anderson was not the Grand Duchess Anastasia.
• Anna Anderson Exposed: Busting the Myth of the most famous royal imposter - a site showing/listing Anna Anderson's fraud attempts.
• Jack & Anna: Remembering the czar of Charlottesville eccentrics - an article on Jack and Anna Manahan and their eccentric life in Charlottesville, Virginia, USA after their marriage.
• Anastasia and Anna Anderson — A narrative of Anastasia’s death.
• Article by Peter Kurth — Anderson supporter/biographer Peter Kurth explains why he doesn't believe Anna Anderson was Franziska Schanzkowska.
• Greg King replying to Bob Atchison on the Ekaterinburg Romanov bones - Greg King's refutation of Bob Atchison's explanation of the Romanov bones.
• Article by Rey Barry — Journalist Rey Barry — friend of Anna Anderson and Jack Manahan, supporter of Anderson's claims.
• Anastasia: Duchess in Disguise — a website arguing that photographs of Anna Anderson resemble photographs of the Grand Duchess Anastasia.
• Anastasia: The Truth - An opinion website by Andrew W. Hartsook, ref: Anastasia and Anna Anderson.

Template:Link FA

• 1896 births
• 1984 deaths
• Deaths from pneumonia
• Impostor pretenders
• Infectious disease deaths in Virginia
• People from Charlottesville, Virginia
• Pretenders to the Russian throne