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Operation Maritime Guard

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NATO intervention in
Bosnia and Herzegovina

Operation Maritime Guard was a NATO blockade in the international waters of the Adriatic Sea of the former Yugoslavia. It followed NATO Operation Maritime Monitor, and was in support of UNSC Resolution 787, which called upon states acting individually or otherwise to enforce the UN embargoes of the rump Yugoslavia.

Scope

The operation began on November 22, 1992. It authorized NATO to use force, and included stopping, inspecting, and diverting ships bound for the former Yugoslavia. All ships bound to or coming from the territorial waters of the former Yugoslavia were halted for inspection and verification of their cargoes and destinations.

With support from Turkey, the Netherlands, and Germany, the operation was strengthened to allow for NATO aircraft to shoot down aircraft that violated the blockade. It was the first authorized use of force to back a UN Security Council Resolution.

In April 1993, a NATO official said that warships would shoot if necessary to stop a ship to enforce the blockade, with inert munitions which could include machine gun bullets and armor-piercing cannon shells.

Forces and results

The USS Kauffman, which took part in Operation Maritime Guard

The blockade comprised destroyers from Turkey, Italy, Germany, Greece, and the United Kingdom, and frigates from the United States and the Netherlands, assisted by NATO Maritime Patrol Aircraft. The USS Kauffman and USS Theodore Roosevelt were among the warships that took part in the operation. AWACS supported the effort with its sophisticated maritime radar by providing blockading ships with long-range sea surveillance coverage.

The blockade was directed by the Commander-in-Chief Allied Forces Southern Europe, U.S. Admiral Mike Boorda.

Under the blockade, 12,367 ships were contacted, 1,032 of them were inspected or diverted to a port to be inspected, and 9 ships were found to be violating the UN embargoes.

Successor

Its successor was Operation Sharp Guard. That was a multi-year joint naval blockade in the Adriatic Sea by NATO and the Western European Union on shipments to the former Yugoslavia that began on June 15, 1993, was suspended on June 19, 1996, and was terminated on October 2, 1996.

See also

References

  1. ^ John Pike. "Operation Maritime Guard". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  2. ^ "`The Interplay between Council of Europe, OSCE, EU and NATO'" (PDF). 2007. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  3. "Peace-Keeping Operations: Requirements and Effectiveness; NATO's Role" (PDF). June 2001. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  4. ^ "NATO: a beginner's guide". Books.google.com. 2005. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  5. "Maritime counterproliferation operations and the rule of law". Books.google.com. 2007. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  6. John Pike. "Operation Maritime Monitor". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  7. ^ "NATO and the former Yugoslavia: crisis, conflict, and the Atlantic Alliance". Books.google.com. 2002. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  8. "Regional Organizations". The Air Force Law Review. 1997. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  9. "Interoperability of U.S. and NATO Allied Air Forces: Supporting Data and Case Studies", RAND, 2003
  10. "NATO's 'peace-enforcement' tasks and ... – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  11. http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/CHATHAM_NATO_FromKosovoKabul.pdf
  12. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bX8UAAAAIBAJ&sjid=TAMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4330,8344428&dq=maritime-guard&hl=en
  13. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UN0iAAAAIBAJ&sjid=myQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1741,6919911&dq=maritime-guard&hl=en
  14. "Triumph of the lack of will ... – Google Books". Books.google.com. May 27, 2005. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  15. http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA461623&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf
  16. http://www.history.navy.mil/shiphist/k/ffg-59/1993.pdf
  17. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=RToiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wawFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4681,4070014&dq=maritime-guard&hl=en
  18. "NATO AWACS: Alliance Keystone for Out-of-Area Operations". Journal.forces.gc.ca. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  19. "Naval coalition warfare: from the ... – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
  20. "Naval blockade lifts in Adriatic – World, News". The Independent. June 20, 1996. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
  21. NPR : Transcripts Search Results
  22. "American defense policy – Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved June 7, 2010.

External links

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