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Toyota Prius
Overview
Manufacturer	Toyota Motor Corporation
Production	1997–present
Body and chassis
Class	Hybrid car
Layout	FF layout

The Toyota Prius (Template:Pron-en) is a full hybrid electric mid-size car developed and manufactured by the Toyota Motor Corporation. The Prius is the most fuel efficient gasoline car currently sold in the U.S. according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA and California Air Resources Board (CARB) also rate the Prius as among the cleanest vehicles sold in the United States based on smog forming and toxic emissions.

The Prius first went on sale in Japan in 1997, making it the first mass-produced hybrid vehicle. It was subsequently introduced worldwide in 2001. The Prius is sold in more than 70 countries and regions, with its largest markets being those of Japan and North America. In May 2008, global cumulative Prius sales reached the milestone 1 million vehicle mark, and in September 2010, the Prius reached worldwide cumulative sales of 2.0 million units. The U.S. is the largest market, with 814,173 units registered by December 2009.

First generation (XW10; 1997–2003)

Toyota Prius (XW10)
Overview
Production	1997–2001 (NHW10) 2001–2003 (NHW11)
Assembly	Takaoka, later Toyota City (Motomachi), Japan
Body and chassis
Body style	4-door sedan

In 1995, Toyota debuted a hybrid concept car at the Tokyo Motor Show, with testing following a year later. The first Prius, model NHW10, went on sale on December 10, 1997. It was available only in Japan, though it has been imported privately to at least the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. The first generation Prius, at its launch, became the world's first mass-produced gasoline-electric hybrid car. The NHW10 Prius styling originated from California designers, who were selected over competing designs from other Toyota design studios.

In the United States, the NHW11 was the first Prius to be sold. The Prius was marketed between the smaller Echo and the larger Corolla. The published retail price of the car was US$19,995. The NHW11 Prius became more powerful partly to satisfy the higher speeds and longer distances that Americans drive. Air conditioning was standard equipment. The vehicle was the second mass-produced hybrid on the American market, after the two-seat Honda Insight. While the larger Prius could seat five, its battery pack restricted cargo space.

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) classified the car as a Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV). This CARB class demonstrates that the Prius expels more smog producing elements than the 2003 Ford Crown Vicoria, Lincoln Town Car, Volvo XC 90 (SUV), Honda CR-V (SUV), and many others. In perspective, the Prius expels 47% more smog producing particles than the Ford or Lincoln previously mentioned. Also it expels 122% more than the Honda and Volvo previously mentioned. Despite this however, Prius owners were eligible for up to a US$2,000 tax credit from their gross income. In contrast with the prior generation model, Toyota executives claimed that the company broke even financially on sales of the NHW11 Prius.

European sales began in September 2000. The official launch of the Prius in Australia occurred in 2001 after the Sydney Motor Show, although sales were slow until the NHW20 model arrived.

Second generation (XW20; 2003–2009)

Toyota Prius (XW20)
Overview
Production	2003–2009 (North America, Japan) 2004–present (China, Europe)
Assembly	Tsutsumi, Japan (Toyota City) Kariya, Aichi, Japan (Fujimatsu) Changchun, Jilin, China (Chinese domestic market only)
Body and chassis
Body style	5-door liftback

In 2004, the Prius was completely redesigned as a mid-size liftback, sized between the Corolla and the Camry, with redistributed mechanical and interior space significantly increasing rear-seat legroom and luggage room. The 2004 Prius is even more environmentally-friendly than the 2001 model (according to the EPA), and is 6 inches (150 mm) longer than the previous version. Its more aerodynamic Kammback body balances length and wind resistance resulting in a drag coefficient ( C_d) of 0.26. The development effort, led by chief engineer Shigeyuki Hori, led to 530 patents for the vehicle.

The Prius uses an all-electric A/C compressor for cooling, an industry first, and also adds an electric power steering system to further minimize engine belt-driven engine accessories. Combined with a smaller and lighter NiMH battery, the XW20 is more powerful and more efficient than the XW10. In the U.S., the battery pack of the 2004 Prius is warranted for 100,000 miles (160,000 km) or 8 years. The warranty for hybrid components in California and the seven Northeastern states that have adopted the stricter California emission control standards is 150,000 miles (240,000 km) or 10 years.

It is classified as a SULEV (Super Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle) and is certified by California Air Resources Board as an "Advanced Technology Partial Zero Emission Vehicle" (AT-PZEV).

From 2005 to 2009, the second generation Prius had been built by FAW-Toyota in the city of Changchun for the Chinese market. It was reported that a total of 2,152 Prius were sold in 2006 and 414 in 2007. The relatively low sales was blamed on high price, about US$15,000 higher than the equivalent in Japan or the U.S., caused by high duties on imported parts. In early March 2008, Toyota cut the price of Prius by up to eight percent or US$3,000 to CN¥259,800 (US$36,500). It was thought that the sales dropped as a result of both a lack of acceptance and increased competition. The Honda Civic Hybrid was exported to China from 2007.

Third generation (XW30; 2009–present)

Toyota Prius (XW30)
Overview
Production	Mar 2009–present
Model years	2010–present
Assembly	Tsutsumi, Japan (Toyota City) Chachoengsao, Thailand
Body and chassis
Class	Mid-size car
Body style	5-door hatchback

Toyota debuted the new Prius (2010 US model year) at the January 2009 North American International Auto Show, and sales began in Japan on May 18, 2009. Its new body design is more aerodynamic, with the coefficient of drag reduced to 0.25 C_d. An underbody rear fin helps stabilize the vehicle at higher speeds.

The estimated fuel-efficiency rating using the U.S. EPA combined cycle is: 50 mpg_‑US (4.7 L/100 km; 60 mpg_‑imp). The Prius was the most efficient car powered by liquid fuel available in the U.S. in 2009, based on the official rating. Only the first-generation Honda Insight (2000–2006) equipped with a manual transmission attained higher mileage. The official UK fuel efficiency data for the Prius T3 is: Urban 72.4 mpg_‑imp (3.90 L/100 km; 60.3 mpg_‑US), Extra Urban 76.4 mpg_‑imp (3.70 L/100 km; 63.6 mpg_‑US), Combined 72.4 mpg_‑imp (3.90 L/100 km; 60.3 mpg_‑US).

The 1.8-liter gasoline engine (previously 1.5 liters) generates 98 hp, and with the added power of the electric motor, total horsepower is 134 hp (previously 110 hp). The larger engine displacement allows for increased torque, reducing engine speeds (RPM), which increases fuel economy at highway speeds. With an electric water pump, the Prius engine is the first production engine that requires no accessory belts, which also further improves fuel economy. The electric motors and other components of the hybrid powertrain are also smaller and more efficient. Toyota estimates the new inverter, motor and transaxle are 20 percent lighter. Disc brakes replace the previous rear drum brakes.

For the Prius, Toyota used a new range of plant-derived ecological bioplastics made from the cellulose in wood or grass instead of petroleum. The two principal crops are kenaf (a member of the hibiscus family and related to cotton and okra) and ramie, commonly known as China grass and one of the strongest natural fibres, similar to flax in absorbency and density. Toyota says this is a particularly timely breakthrough for plant-based eco-plastics because 2009 is the United Nations’ International Year of Natural Fibres, which covers kenaf and ramie.

Sales

The Prius is sold in more than 70 countries and regions, and has its largest markets in the United States, Japan, and Europe. In May 2008, Toyota announced that its worldwide cumulative sales of the Prius had passed the 1 million mark; worldwide cumulative sales reached 2,012,000 units Prius in September 2010. As of December 2009 the U.S. accounted for almost half of the Prius global sales, with 814,173 Prius units registered since 2000. Cumulative Prius sales in Europe reach 100,000 in 2008 and 200,000 units by mid 2010, after 10 years on that market. The U.K. is one of the leading European markets for Prius, accounting more than 20 percent of all Prius sold in Europe. Toyota Prius became Japan's best selling vehicle in 2009 for the first time since its debut in 1997 as its sales almost tripled to 208,876 in 2009. In that year it overtook the Honda Fit, which was Japan's best-selling car in 2008 excluding Kei cars.

Design and technology

The Prius is a power-split or series-parallel (full) hybrid, sometimes referred to as a combined hybrid, a vehicle that can be propelled by gasoline and/or electric power.

EV mode

When the vehicle is turned-on with the "start" button, it is ready to drive immediately with the electric motor, while electric pumps warm the engine with previously saved hot engine coolant, before the internal combustion engine is started. The delay between starting the car and starting the internal combustion engine is approximately seven seconds. A button labelled "EV" maintains Electric Vehicle mode after start up and under most low-load driving conditions. This permits driving with low noise and no fuel consumption, and is advertised as a "quiet" option for short journeys, for example in residential areas at night, in the Asia manual. The car automatically reverts to normal mode if the battery becomes exhausted. Prior to the 2010 model, the North American model did not have the "EV" button, although the "EV" mode is still supported internally by the Prius Hybrid Vehicle management computer.

Criticisms

CO₂ advertising claims

In the UK, the Advertising Standards Authority, an independent body charged with policing the rules of the advertising industry, ruled that a television advert for the Toyota Prius should not be broadcast again in the same form, having breached rules concerning misleading advertising. The advert claimed the Prius "emits up to one tonne less CO₂ per year," while on-screen text included: "1 tonne of CO₂ less than an equivalent family vehicle with a diesel engine. Average calculated on 20,000 km a year." Points of contention were the vehicles chosen for comparison, whether "up to one tonne less" adequately communicated that reductions could be lower, and whether the distance used was appropriate: 20,000 km per year is around a U.S. car's average annual driving distance, while a UK car's is 13,440 km.

An earlier complaint to the New Zealand Advertising Standards Authority, decision 03/360 2003 was also upheld. It was ruled that Toyota was in breach of the New Zealand advertising standards code of ethics, by claiming "up to 89% fewer smog forming emissions”. The figure was based on comparison with Euro 3 standards, which most new cars also met comfortably at the time.

Electromagnetic (radiation) field levels

The Prius has been known to emit excessively high electromagnetic fields. ICNIRP guidelines stipulate that the maximum long term exposure should not exceed 1mG but the Prius measures higher than 24mG in some locations, such as the rear right seat . ICNIRP guidelines are not law in many (if any) countries. The World Health Organization in conjunction with the ICNIRP conducted a study and found levels above 3mG contribute to a child's risk of developing leukemia. At 12mG, the electromagnetic radiation is so strong its able to block the body's ability to inhibit cancers (in this case breast cancer) using melatonin. The Toyota Prius exceeds 12mG (up to 24mG) in some areas of the cabin. However Toyota claims that the Prius emits similar fields to conventional gasoline vehicles. The high voltage power cable from the traction battery and the forward electric drive motor/generator passes directly under the drivers seat.

Lifetime energy usage

The British Government and British media have requested Toyota release detailed figures for the energy use and CO₂ emissions resulting from the building and disposal of the Prius. The UK Government Car Service runs 130 Priuses. Toyota has not supplied the detailed data they requested to support claims that the lifetime energy usage of the Prius (including the increased environmental cost of manufacture and disposal of the nickel-metal hydride battery) are outweighed by lower lifetime fuel consumption. Toyota states that lifetime CO₂ saving is 43 percent.

CNW Marketing Research initially published a study in which they estimated that the total lifetime energy cost of a Prius was greater than that of a Hummer. The study is widely cited, and its contents have also been widely challenged: see for example "Hummer versus Prius: 'Dust to Dust' Report Misleads the Media and Public with Bad Science." A recent update by CNW has changed the total lifetime cost value, now placing the Prius as costing less than the Hummer.

Repair costs

According to a study by Audatex, Prius repairs are slightly more expensive than those for comparable non-hybrid cars, with a greater cost difference in the past because of the lack of availability of recycled parts.

Political symbolism

The large number of Prius-owning progressive celebrities in 2002 prompted the Washington Post to dub hybrids "Hollywood's latest politically correct status symbol." While conservative "Prius Patriots" were also cited in 2005, the vehicle carries an image as being a car for politically liberal environmentalists. A 2007 San Francisco Chronicle article said "Prius Progressives" were becoming an archetype, quoting conservative U.S. pundit Rush Limbaugh opining that "these liberals think they're ahead of the game on these things, and they're just suckers."

Some conservatives promote use of the Toyota Prius and other hybrid cars. For example, Jim Road from What Would Jesus Drive? encouraged people to drive hybrid cars because of the damage that large SUVs and/or faster cars can do to others.

Former Central Intelligence Agency chief R. James Woolsey, Jr. drives a Prius because of its low fuel consumption. Woolsey noted the volatility of the Middle East, coupled with anti-US sentiment in much of the region. Noting that the high percentage of oil drilled in the Middle East gives vast profits to Middle Eastern regimes, Woolsey believes that it is a patriotic obligation to drive more efficient vehicles. In a Motor Trend magazine article, Woolsey claimed that those oil profits find their way to terrorist groups like al-Qaeda, meaning that Americans who buy inefficient vehicles would, in effect, be indirectly funding terrorism. "We're paying for both sides in this war, and that's not a good long-term strategy," said Woolsey. "I have a bumper sticker on the back of my Prius that reads, 'Bin Laden hates this car.'"

Fashion over function

In 2004, industry analyst Art Spinella of CNW Marketing Research (CNWMR), whose skepticism towards hybrids is well known (see Lifetime energy usage), said "the Prius was a fashion statement," attributing its success over the Honda Civic Hybrid, which has a nearly identical appearance to its non-hybrid versions, to its distinctive styling, which lets "other people know the driver is driving a hybrid vehicle." However, this conclusion ignores the superior technical design of the Prius. In particular the Civic has a mechanical CVT which is prone to wear, while the Prius CVT design uses only fixed gear ratios. (the rest of the CVT operation being accomplished with electronic controls)

In July 2007 The New York Times published an article using data from CNW Marketing Research finding that 57% of Prius buyers said their main reason for buying was that "it makes a statement about me," while just 36% cited fuel economy as a prime motivator. Shortly afterwards Washington Post columnist Robert Samuelson coined the term "Prius politics" to describe a situation where the driver's desire to "show off" is a stronger motivator than the desire to curb greenhouse gas emissions.

Quietness

The Wall Street Journal reported in February 2007 on concerns that quiet cars like the Prius may pose a safety risk to those who rely on engine noise to sense the presence or location of moving vehicles. Blind pedestrians are a primary concern, and the National Federation of the Blind advocates audio emitters on hybrid vehicles, but increased risks may also affect sighted pedestrians or bicyclists who are accustomed to aural cues from vehicles. However there is also a lack of aural cues from vehicles that have a conventional internal combustion engine, where engine noise has been reduced by noise absorbing materials in the engine bay and noise canceling muffler systems. In July 2007, a spokesman for Toyota said the company is aware of the issue and is studying options. Both State and Federal legislation have been proposed and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration held a public hearing. Different groups and companies are looking at solutions. In 2010, Toyota released a device for the third generation Prius meant to alert pedestrians of its proximity.

Government and corporate incentives

There have been number of governments have incentives that are intended to encourage hybrid car sales. In some countries like the U.S. and Canada, some rebate incentives have been exhausted, while other countries such as the United Kingdom, Sweden, Belgium, and the Netherlands have various or alternative incentives to purchasing a hybrid vehicle.

Several U.S. companies offer employees incentives. Bank of America will reimburse US$3,000 on the purchase of new hybrid vehicles to full- and part-time associates working more than 20 hours per week. Google, software company Hyperion Solutions, and organic food and drink producer Clif Bar & Co offer employees a US$5,000 credit toward their purchase of certain hybrid vehicles including the Prius. Integrated Archive Systems, a Palo Alto IT company, offers a US$10,000 subsidy toward the purchase of hybrid vehicles to full-time employees employed more than one year.

Travelers Companies, a large insurance company, offers hybrid owners a 10% discount on auto insurance in most U.S. states. The Farmers Insurance Group offers a similar discount of up to 10% in most U.S. states.

See also

• ACT Hybrid Vehicle Authority
• Chevrolet Volt
• Comparison of Toyota hybrids
• Fuel economy-maximizing behaviors
• Honda Insight
• Hybrid electric vehicle
• Hybrid Synergy Drive
• Hypermiler Driving (drivers who exceed EPA estimated MPG)
• List of hybrid vehicles
• Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
• Toyota Camry Hybrid
• Toyota eCom
• Toyota FT-CH Concept
• Toyota Prius Custom Plus Concept
• Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid

Notes and references

1. ^ "2008 Most and Least Fuel Efficient Vehicles (ranked by city mpg)". United States Environmental Protection Agency and United States Department of Energy. Retrieved 2007-12-25.
2. Compare Old and New MPG Estimates
3. "2008 Toyota Prius" (Press release). Hybridcar.com. 2007-10-21. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
4. ^ "Worldwide Prius Cumulative Sales Top 2M Mark; Toyota Reportedly Plans Two New Prius Variants for the US By End of 2012". Green Car Congress. 2010-10-07. Retrieved 2010-10-07.
5. "Toyota tops 2 million hybrid sales worldwide" (Press release). AutobloGreen. 2009-09-04. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
6. ^ "Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs): Trend of sales by HEV models from 1999-2009". Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Data Center (U.S. DoE). Retrieved 2010-03-09. Total registered electric hybrids in the U.S. is 1,614,761 vehicles until December 2009, of which 122,755 were manufactured by Ford (Click and open the Excel file for the detail by year for each model)
7. Chang-Ran Kim (2003-10-02). "Hybrids Can Be Cheap to Make, Toyota Says". Rainforest Action Network. Retrieved 2008-05-30.
8. "Toyota Prius Chronological History". Retrieved 2009-11-06.
9. Taylor, A., Birth of the Prius, Fortune, February 24, 2006. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
10. ^ Emily Thornton (1997-12-15). "Japan's hybrid cars". Business Week. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
11. Prius Model History, Clean Green Car Company. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
12. 2001 Toyota Prius Lineup, Internet Autoguide. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
13. Russ, C., Toyota Pruis (2001), The Auto Channel. Retrieved 2010-03-09.
14. Test Drive Notes: Toyota Prius 2001, Car Talk. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
15. ^ Andrew Pollack (2000-11-19). Behind the wheel/Toyota Prius "BEHIND THE WHEEL:Toyota Prius-It's Easier to Be Green". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-03-09. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
16. EPA Green Vehicle Guide.
17. Tsukada, M., Aichi's Artisanship in the Auto Industry, Aichi Voice (Cutting Edge).
18. More Toyota Priuses Coming to Australia, Australian Car Advice, March 1, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
19. Motor Trend 2004 Car of the Year Winner: Toyota Prius, Motor Trend. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
20. "Motor Trend 2004 Car of the Year Winner: Toyota Prius". MotorTrend Magazine. Source Interlink Media. Retrieved 2008-05-30.
21. "Innovators: Shigeyuki Hori". Time. 2004-08-03. Retrieved 2010-01-10.
22. Bowden, R. (2004), 2004 Toyota Prius, About. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
23. Test Drive Notes: 2004 Toyota Prius, Car Talk. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
24. "Pressroom : Our Point of View / Toyota". Blog.toyota.com. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
25. Motor Trend 2004 Car of the Year Winner: Toyota Prius, Motor Trend. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
26. "Toyota Delays Production of Third Generation Prius in China". ChinaAutoWeb.com.
27. Ian Rowley (2007-11-05). "Prius sales yet to catch fire in China". BusinessWeek Eye on Asia blog. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
28. "In China, Toyota cuts price of Prius by 8% due to slowing sales". AutoblogGreen. 2008-03-07. Retrieved 2010-04-28.
29. "Manufacturing | Locations of Toyota Facilities". .toyota.co.jp. 1999-02-22. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
30. Anonymous says:. "2010 Toyota Prius Revealed - Specs, Images, and more". Automoblog.net. Retrieved 2010-10-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
31. Yuri Kageyama, Associated Press (2009-05-18). "Toyota rolls out new Prius amid hybrid price war". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
32. "All-New Third Generation Toyota Prius Raises the Bar for Hybrid Vehicles - Again". Pressroom.toyota.com. 2009-03-02. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
33. "Vehicle details for Prius T3 E-CVT". UK Government. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
34. "Official Toyota Specifications (Flash Site includes link to informative press release)". Toyota.com. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
35. Hybrid Superstar Shines Brighter
36. GoAutoMedia (2009-04-14). "Goauto.com.au". Goauto.com.au. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
37. "Worldwide Prius Sales Top 1 Million" (Press release). Toyota Motor Corporation. 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
38. "Toyota Prius Sales in Europe Reach 200,000 Units". Green Car Congress. 2010-07-16. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
39. "Prius No. 1 in Japan sales as green interest grows". USA Today. Associated Press. 2010-01-08. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
40. "September 2010 Dashboard: Hybrid Sales Slide, While Clean Diesel Continues Growth". HybridCars.com. 2010-10-05. Retrieved 2010-10-07.
41. "ASA Adjudication: Toyota (GB) plc". UK Advertising Standards Authority. 2007-06-06.
42. "EMF readings - Toyota Prius". Next-up.
43. http://www.ursi.org/Proceedings/ProcGA02/papers/p2266.pdf
44. http://www.emfacts.com/papers/melatonin.html
45. Jim Motavalli. "Fear, but Few Facts, on Hybrid Risk". The New York Times.
46. http://www.autoshop101.com/forms/Hybrid03.pdf
47. Andrew English (2008-10-11). "Toyota Prius - green winner or loser?". The Daily Telegraph. London: Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
48. "Dust to Dust" (PDF). CNW Marketing Research. 2006.
49. Peter H. Gleick (2007). "Hummer versus Prius: 'Dust to Dust' Report Misleads the Media and Public with Bad Science" (PDF).
50. John Voelcker (2009-02-10). "Prius Repairs Cost (a little) More Than Non-Hybrids". All About Prius. High Gear Media. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
51. "Half Gas, Half Electric, Total California Cool: Hollywood Gets a Charge Out of Hybrid Cars." The Washington Post, page C01, via washingtonpost.com, 2002-06-06. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
52. Anderson, Kevin. "Hybrid cars take hold in US." BBC News Website, 2005-02-22. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
53. Haddock, Vicki. "Oh, so pious, Prius drivers: Smugness drifts over the warming Earth -- is that a bad thing?" San Francisco Chronicle, page D-3, via sfgate.com, 2007-07-15. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
54. Ember Herrick (2003-01-06). "'What would Jesus drive?' stirs religious coals". Universe, Brigham Young University. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
55. James Woolsey - Interview - Motor Trend
56. Maynard, Micheline; Nick Bunkley and Mary M. Chapman contributing. "Say 'Hybrid' and Many People will Hear 'Prius.'" The New York Times, 2007-07-04. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
57. Samuelson, Robert J. "Prius Politics." The Washington Post, page A15, via washingtonpost.com, 2007-07-25. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
58. Raymund flandez (2007-02-13). "Blind Pedestrians Say Quiet Hybrids Pose Safety Threat". The Wall Street Journal.
59. "National Federation of the Blind 2006 Resolutions". The Braille Monitor. August/September, 2003. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
60. Youso, Karen (2007-07-20). "Fixit: Will quiet hybrids get noisier?". StarTribune.com (Star Tribune, Minneapolis MN).
61. SB 1174 An act to repeal and add Section 257 to the Vehicle Code relating to clean fuel vehicles
62. Pedestrian Safety Enhancement Act of 2008
63. U.S. DOT/NHTSA - (Corrected Version) Transcript of the Quiet Cars Public Meeting on June 23, 2008
64. Michael Savage (2008-08-07). "Introducing the hybrid you can hear (so it won't run you over)". The Independent. London: independent.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
65. Charlie Foster (2008-08-21). "Teaching Cars to Sing". Forbes. www.forbes.com. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
66. "TMC to Sell Approaching Vehicle Audible System for 'Prius'". Toyota Motor Company News Release. 2010-08-24. Retrieved 2010-08-25. Click this link for a video showing a demo of the warning sound at different speeds.
67. ^ Corporate Incentives (Website). Hybridcars.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-11.
68. "Q&A with Google's VP of Marketing" BusinessWeek Online, 2007-08-06. Retrieved on 2007-08-12.
69. "Details of Hyperion Solutions' Drive Clean Program". Hyperion Solutions. 2004. Retrieved 2007-01-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
70. Cool Mayors for Climate Protection - Global Warming: More Than the Environment

External links

• Official Toyota Prius website- USTemplate:En icon
• Official Toyota Prius site – UK Template:En icon
• Official Toyota worldwide website
• Template:Dmoz
• How it Works (use left sidebar to read the topics)

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