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Reservoir Dogs (1992) is an American crime film and the debut of director and writer Quentin Tarantino. It depicts the events before and after a botched diamond heist, though not the heist itself. Reservoir Dogs stars an ensemble cast with Harvey Keitel, Steve Buscemi, Tim Roth, Michael Madsen, Chris Penn, and Lawrence Tierney. Tarantino has a minor role, as does criminal-turned-author Eddie Bunker. It incorporates many themes that have become Tarantino's hallmarks: violent crime, pop culture references, profuse profanity, and a nonlinear storyline. The film contains key elements similar to those found in Ringo Lam's 1987 film City On Fire.

The film has become a classic of independent film and a cult hit. It was named "Greatest Independent Film of all Time" by Empire. Reservoir Dogs was generally well received, and the cast was praised by many critics. Although it was never given much promotion upon release, the film was a modest success by grossing $2,832,029, which made its $1.2 million budget back. However, it did become a major hit in the United Kingdom, grossing nearly £6.5 million, and it achieved higher popularity after the success of Tarantino's next directorial effort, Pulp Fiction.

A soundtrack titled Reservoir Dogs: The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released featuring songs used in the film, mostly from the 1970s. In 2006, a Reservoir Dogs video game was released which was banned in some jurisdictions for its violence.

Plot

Eight men are eating breakfast in a San Fernando Valley diner. Six of them wear matching black suits and ties and go by aliases based on color: Mr. Blonde (Michael Madsen), Mr. Blue (Eddie Bunker), Mr. Brown (Quentin Tarantino), Mr. Orange (Tim Roth), Mr. Pink (Steve Buscemi), and Mr. White (Harvey Keitel). With them are Los Angeles gangster Joe Cabot (Lawrence Tierney) and his son, "Nice Guy" Eddie Cabot (Chris Penn). Mr. Brown discusses his comparative analysis on Madonna's "Like a Virgin" before the conversation turns to the playlist of a radio channel playing forgotten popular songs of the 1970s. Before leaving, they all get into an argument with Mr. Pink, who explains at length his refusal to tip the waitress. Joe returns after paying the check and forces him to capitulate.

From here, the develops a non-linear narrative consisting of two parallel storylines: the first takes place in a warehouse after the breakfast; the second is a series of flashbacks detailing the events leading up to the breakfast, all of which have chapter headings named for their respective characters (e.g. "Mr. White").

Mr. White is frantically driving a car with Mr. Orange bleeding profusely from the stomach in the backseat. They arrive at an abandoned warehouse where White consoles Orange that Joe will arrive shortly and have him fixed up; Orange begs White--by calling him "Larry"--to take him to a hospital. Mr. Pink barges in and manically rambles about a mysterious setup; White takes him into a back room to talk. Their conversation reveals that all six men are professional criminals who participated in the robbery of a jewelry store, which collapsed when the alarm alerted a large cadre of police officers who emerged without warning. Mr. Blonde began killing innocent employees and an ensuing gunfight killed Mr. Brown, injured Mr. Orange, and disappearance of everyone else. Mr. Pink managed to escape with the stolen diamonds and stashed them at another location before coming to the warehouse. Pink is convinced that the police presence at the store indicates that one of their group is an informant or undercover cop.

Mr. White: Weeks earlier, Mr. White meets with Joe to discuss the robbery: the heist of a shipment of polished stones from a diamond wholesalers the day before they are shipped to Vermont. The two men know each other well, and have worked many jobs in the past.

Mr. Pink believes the warehouse is compromised and wishes to leave, but Mr. White refuses to leave Mr. Orange, who is now unconscious from the pain. Feeling responsible for his injury, White wants to take Orange to a hospital. Pink reluctantly agrees until White reveals that Orange knows his first name and his home state. Pink chastises White for his actions and a fight ensues until Mr. Blonde steps forward and ends the dispute. White berates Blonde for his rampage and threatens to shoot him when Blonde obstructs him from leaving with Orange. Pink defuses the fight with his conspiracy concerns and Blonde takes them to his car, where he reveals a captured policeman in his trunk.

Mr. Blonde: "Toothpick" Vic Vega (Mr. Blonde) meets with Joe in his office after a finishing a four-year prison sentence to discuss his future. Nice Guy Eddie arrives and the two childhood friends engage in roughhousing until Joe breaks it up. To placate Vic's authoritarian parole officer, Eddie sets up Vic with a phony dock worker's position at one of Joe's businesses until Vic can safely return to work. Nice Guy Eddie suggests using Vic on the diamond heist.

Mr. White, Pink, and Blonde tie the officer to a chair and beat him for information. Eddie arrives and angrily demands to know what happened. He doesn't believe Pink's conspiracy theory, and blames White for the carnage until White clarifies it was Blonde; Blonde unrepentantly confirms, claiming the employees deserved it for setting off the alarm. Eddie agrees to get a doctor for Orange if they accompany him to obtain the diamonds and dispose of the stolen cars. White is reluctant to leave Blonde with the officer; Eddie claims the officer became a liability once they took him out of the trunk. Once alone, Blonde begins to torture the police officer to the tune of the Stealers Wheel song, "Stuck in the Middle with You" and slices off his ear with a straight razor before dousing him with gasoline. Before Blonde can burn him, Mr. Orange revives and shoots him to death. The police officer--Marvin Nash (Kirk Baltz)--recognizes Mr. Orange as Freddy Nuendyke, an undercover police officer. Orange informs Marvin that backup is a block away, awaiting Joe's arrival.

Mr. Orange: Freddy Nuendyke trains for several days under the tutelage of an undercover supervisor named Holdaway to get into Joe Cabot's operation. Using an anecdote about a tense encounter with a group of cops with a bag full of marijuana, Freddy is successful, and gets placed on the team. A few days later, Eddie, White, and Pink drive down to the warehouse, where Joe assigns the team their aliases and preps them for the robbery. After the robbery, a mortally injured Mr. Brown crashes their getaway car and dies. Mr. Orange watches Mr. White shoot two police officers and hijack a woman's car, unaware that she is armed; the woman shoots Orange in the stomach and Orange reflexively shoots back, killing her.

Eddie, Pink, and White return to the warehouse and find Blonde's body. Eddie shoots Marvin, and demands to know what happened. Orange fabricates a story where Blonde tried to kill them both and planned to kill Eddie and the others and make off with the diamonds when they returned. Eddie angrily refutes Orange with how Blonde went to prison to protect Joe from investigation. Joe enters and reveals that Mr. Blue is dead and Orange is an undercover cop, much to Mr. White's disbelief. Joe moves to kill Orange and White draws on Joe; Eddie draws on White in a Mexican Standoff and attempts to talk White down, but fails. All four men are shot down. Unscathed, Mr. Pink grabs the diamonds and flees, only to be interrupted by arriving police. As Pink is apprehended outside, White consoles Orange that although they will be going to prison, they will be alright. Riddled with guilt, Orange confesses his identity to White, who breaks down at the news.

Distraught, defeated, and in total despair, White wearily places his gun at Orange's head. The police break down the door and order White to drop his weapon. White shoots Orange in the head and is gunned down by the police.

Cast

The Reservoir Dogs

• Harvey Keitel as Larry Dimmick, a.k.a. Mr. White
• Tim Roth as Freddy Newandyke, a.k.a. Mr. Orange
• Michael Madsen as Vic Vega, a.k.a. Mr. Blonde
• Chris Penn as Nice Guy Eddie Cabot
• Steve Buscemi as Mr. Pink
• Lawrence Tierney as Joe Cabot
• Eddie Bunker as Mr. Blue
• Quentin Tarantino as Mr. Brown

Others/cameos

• Randy Brooks as Holdaway
• Kirk Baltz as Marvin Nash
• Rich Turner as Sheriff #1
• David Steen as Sheriff #2
• Tony Cosmo as Sheriff #3
• Stevo Poliy as Sheriff #4
• Michael Sottile as Teddy
• Robert Ruth as Shot Cop
• Lawrence Bender as Young Cop
• Linda Kaye as Shocked Woman
• Suzanne Celeste as Shot Woman
• Steven Wright (voice) as the K-Billy DJ

Production

Tarantino had been working at Video Archives, a video store, in Manhattan Beach, California, and was originally going to shoot the film with his friends on a budget of $30,000 on 16 mm format with producer Lawrence Bender playing Nice Guy Eddie. However, when actor Harvey Keitel became involved he agreed to act in the film and co-produce. Harvey Keitel was then cast as Mr. White. With Keitel's assistance, the filmmakers were able to raise $1.5 million to make the film.

Reservoir Dogs was, according to Tarantino, his version of Stanley Kubrick's The Killing. Tarantino himself said that he " didn't go out of my way to do a rip-off of The Killing, but I did think of it as my Killing, my take on that kind of heist movie". The film's plot was suggested by the 1952 movie Kansas City Confidential. Additionally, Joseph H. Lewis's The Big Combo inspired the scene where a cop is tortured in a chair. Tarantino has denied that he plagiarized with Reservoir Dogs instead claiming that he does homages. Also, the main characters being named after colors (Mr. Pink, White, Brown, etc.) was first seen in the 1974 film The Taking of Pelham One Two Three.

One unique feature of the film is that the actual heist is never shown. Tarantino has said that the reason for not showing the heist was initially budgetary but that he always liked the idea of not showing it and stuck with that idea. He has said that the technique lets the viewer realize that the movie is "about other things". He compared this to the work of a novelist and has said that he wanted the movie to be about something that is not seen and that he wanted it to "play with a real-time clock as opposed to a movie clock ticking".

Reception

Reservoir Dogs opened in 19 theaters with a first week total of $147,839 in the United States. The film was never released to more than 61 theaters in the US and totaled $2,832,029 at the box office there. The film gained most of its success after the popularity of Pulp Fiction. After its success in Britain, it was put into the Sundance Film Festival. Empire Magazine named it the "Greatest Independent Film ever made". The movie has since come to be seen as an important and highly-influential milestone of independent filmmaking. Reservoir Dogs carries a 96% rating at Rotten Tomatoes, while Metacritic carries an average rating of 78/100, based on 23 critic reviews, indicating generally favorable reviews.

Reservoir Dogs has inspired many other independent films and is considered key in the development of independent cinema. The Bollywood film Kaante (2002) from Sanjay Gupta is considered an unauthorized remake of Reservoir Dogs featuring a similar plot and dialogue style. Reservoir Dogs is itself considered to have taken inspiration from Ringo Lam's Hong Kong action film City on Fire (1987), which features a similar final segment.

The film was screened out of competition at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival. It won the Critic's Award at the 4th Yubari International Fantastic Film Festival in February 1993 which Tarantino attended.

American Film Institute Lists

• AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills - Nominated
• AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains:
  • “Mr. Blonde” (Vic Vega) - Nominated Villain
• AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
  • Stuck In The Middle with You - Nominated
• AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
  • "Are you gonna bark all day, little doggie, or are you gonna bite?" - Nominated
• AFI's 10 Top 10 - Nominated Gangster Film

Critical reaction

At the film's release at the Sundance Film Festival, film critic Jami Bernard of the New York Daily News compared the effect of Reservoir Dogs to that of the 1895 film L'Arrivée d'un Train en Gare de la Ciotat, whereby audiences putatively observed a moving train approaching the camera and scrambled. Bernard claimed that Reservoir Dogs had a similar effect and people were not ready for it. Vincent Canby of the New York Times enjoyed the cast and the usage of non-linear storytelling. He similarly complimented Tarantino's directing and liked the fact that he did not often use close-ups in the film. Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times also enjoyed the film and the acting, particularly that of Buscemi, Tierney and Madsen, and said "Tarantino's palpable enthusiasm, his unapologetic passion for what he's created, reinvigorates this venerable plot and, mayhem aside, makes it involving for longer than you might suspect."

Roger Ebert was less enthusiastic; he felt that the script could have been better and said that the movie "feels like it's going to be terrific", but Tarantino's script does not have much curiosity about the characters. He also stated that " has an idea, and trusts the idea to drive the plot." Ebert gave the movie two and a half stars out of four also claiming that he enjoyed it, and that it was a very good film from a talented director, like other critics, he enjoyed the cast, but stated "I liked what I saw, but I wanted more".

Reservoir Dogs has received substantial criticism for its strong violence and language. One particular scene that viewers found unnerving was Michael Madsen's ear-cutting scene, and Madsen himself reportedly had a great deal of difficulty finishing the scene especially after Kirk Baltz ad-libbed the desperate plea "I've got a little kid at home". Many people have left theaters during the film and Tarantino commented at the time:

It happens at every single screening. For some people the violence, or the rudeness of the language, is a mountain they can't climb. That's OK. It's not their cup of tea. But I am affecting them. I wanted that scene to be disturbing.

During a screening of the movie at a Film Festival in Barcelona, fifteen people walked out, including horror film director Wes Craven and special effects artist Rick Baker. Baker later told Tarantino to take the walk out as a "compliment" and explained that he found the violence unnerving because of its heightened sense of realism.

Critic John Hartl compared the ear-cutting scene to the shower murder scene in Psycho and Tarantino to David Lynch. He furthermore explored parallels between Reservoir Dogs and Glengarry Glen Ross. After this film, Tarantino was also compared to Martin Scorsese, Sam Peckinpah, John Singleton, Gus Van Sant, and Abel Ferrara. For its nonlinear storyline, Reservoir Dogs has also often been compared to Rashomon. Critic James Berardinelli was of a similar opinion; he complimented both the cast and Tarantino's dialogue writing abilities. Hal Hinson of The Washington Post was also enthusiastic about the cast, complimenting the film on its "deadpan sense of humor". Todd McCarthy called the film "undeniably impressive" and was of the opinion that it was influenced by Mean Streets, Goodfellas and The Killing.

Critical analysis

Reservoir Dogs has often been seen as a prominent film in terms of on-screen violence. J.P. Telotte compared Reservoir Dogs to classic caper noir films and points out the irony in its ending scenes. Mark Irwin also made the connection between Reservoir Dogs and classic American noir.

A notable motif in Tarantino's films is the use of accidents to move the plot further. In Reservoir Dogs, the major plot event is also moved by an accidental occurrence; in this case the robbery going awry. Caroline Jewers called Reservoir Dogs a "feudal epic" and compared it to Pulp Fiction. She paralleled the color pseudonyms to color names of medieval knights.

A frequently cited comparison has been to Tarantino's second and more successful film Pulp Fiction, especially since the majority of audiences saw Reservoir Dogs after the success of Pulp Fiction. Comparisons have been made regarding the black humor in both the films, the theme of accidents, and more concretely, the style of dialogue and narrative style that Tarantino incorporates into both of his movies. Also, the theme of racism plays a big part in the films, specifically the relationship between whites and blacks. Stanley Crouch of The New York Times compared the way the white criminals speak of blacks in Reservoir Dogs to the way they are spoken of in Scorsese's Mean Streets and Goodfellas. Crouch observed the way the blacks are looked down upon in Reservoir Dogs, but also the way that the criminals accuse each other of "verbally imitating" the blacks and the characters' apparent sexual attraction to black actress Pam Grier.

Home releases

Region 1 DVDs of Reservoir Dogs have been released multiple times. The first release was a single two-sided disc from LIVE Entertainment, released in June 1997 and featuring both pan-and-scan and letterbox versions of the film. Five years later, Artisan did a two-disc 10th anniversary edition featuring multiple covers color-coded to match the nicknames of five of the characters (Pink, White, Orange, Blonde and Brown) and a disc of bonus features such as interviews with the cast and crew.

For the 15th anniversary of the film, Lionsgate, which had purchased Artisan in the interim, produced a two-disc 15th anniversary edition with a remastered 16x9 transfer, a new supplement, but not all of the extra features from the 10th Anniversary edition. In particular, interviews with the cast and crew were dropped, and a new 48-minute-long feature called "Tributes and Dedications" was included. The packaging for the 15th anniversary edition is fancier: the discs are enclosed in a large matchbook, and the matchbook is in a thin aluminum case made to resemble a gas can.

Soundtrack

The Reservoir Dogs: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was the first soundtrack for a Quentin Tarantino film and set the structure his later soundtracks would follow. This includes the use of snippets of dialogue from the film. The soundtrack has selections of songs from the 1970s. The radio station "K-Billy's Super Sounds of the Seventies" played a prominent role in the film. The DJ for the radio was chosen to be Steven Wright, a comedian known for his deadpan delivery of jokes.

An unusual feature of the soundtrack was the choice of songs. The film uses music from the 1970s. Tarantino has said that he feels the music to be a counterpoint to the on-screen violence and action. He also stated that he wished for the film to have a 1950s feel while using '70s music. A prominent instance of this is the torture scene to the tune of "Stuck in the Middle with You".

Track listing

1. "And Now Little Green Bag..." (Dialogue extract performed by Steven Wright) – 0:15
2. "Little Green Bag" by The George Baker Selection – 3:15
3. "Rock Flock of Five" (Dialogue extract performed by Steven Wright) – 0:11
4. "Hooked on a Feeling" by Blue Swede – 2:53
5. "Bohemiath" (Dialogue extract performed by Steven Wright) – 0:34
6. "I Gotcha" by Joe Tex – 2:27
7. "Magic Carpet Ride" by Bedlam – 5:10
8. "Madonna Speech" (Dialogue extract performed by Quentin Tarantino, Edward Bunker, Lawrence Tierney, Steve Buscemi and Harvey Keitel) – 0:59
9. "Fool for Love" by Sandy Rogers – 3:25
10. "Super Sounds" (Dialogue extract performed by Steven Wright) – 0:19
11. "Stuck in the Middle with You" by Stealers Wheel – 3:23
12. "Harvest Moon" by Bedlam – 2:38
13. "Let's Get a Taco" (Dialogue extract performed by Harvey Keitel and Tim Roth) – 1:02
14. "Keep on Truckin'" (Dialogue extract performed by Steven Wright) – 0:16
15. "Coconut" by Harry Nilsson – 3:50
16. "Home of Rock" (Dialogue extract performed by Steven Wright) – 0:05

Video game

A video game based on the film was released in 2006 for PC, Xbox and PlayStation 2. However, the game does not feature the likeness of any of the actors with the exception of Michael Madsen. GameSpot called it "an out and out failure". It caused controversy for its amount of violence and was banned in Australia and New Zealand.

References

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External links

• Reservoir Dogs at IMDb
• Template:Amg movie
• Reservoir Dogs at Box Office Mojo
• Reservoir Dogs at Rotten Tomatoes
• Reservoir Dogs at Metacritic

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• 1992 films
• 1990s crime films
• American crime thriller films
• American independent films
• Directorial debut films
• English-language films
• Films directed by Quentin Tarantino
• Films set in Los Angeles, California
• Films set within one day
• Gangster films
• Heist films
• Miramax Films films
• Nonlinear narrative films
• Screenplays by Quentin Tarantino