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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Ulasgoc (talk | contribs) at 23:43, 4 February 2020 (I also found Semsuri biased.I agree with other man.The Elazığ Armenians mentioned in the source are not the Tunceli Armenians. It was the incident that helped them escape the with Tunceli Zazas Help. You did not write this on the Elazig page.Semsuri performs his profession as he wrote in his profile.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Revision as of 23:43, 4 February 2020 by Ulasgoc (talk | contribs) (I also found Semsuri biased.I agree with other man.The Elazığ Armenians mentioned in the source are not the Tunceli Armenians. It was the incident that helped them escape the with Tunceli Zazas Help. You did not write this on the Elazig page.Semsuri performs his profession as he wrote in his profile.)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) Province of Turkey Province of Turkey in Central East Anatolia
Tunceli Province
Province of Turkey
Location of Tunceli Province in TurkeyLocation of Tunceli Province in Turkey
CountryTurkey
RegionCentral East Anatolia
SubregionMalatya
Government
 • Electoral districtTunceli
Area
 • Total7,774 km (3,002 sq mi)
Population
 • Total88,198
 • Density11/km (29/sq mi)
Area code0428
Vehicle registration62

Tunceli Province (Template:Lang-ku, Template:Lang-tr), formerly Dersim Province, is located in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The province was originally named Dersim Province (Dersim vilayeti), then demoted to a district (Dersim kazası) and incorporated into Elâzığ Province in 1926. It was finally changed to Tunceli Province on January 4, 1936 by the "Law on Administration of the Tunceli Province" (Tunceli Vilayetinin İdaresi Hakkında Kanun), no. 2884 of 25 December 1935, but some still call the region by its original name. The name of the provincial capital, Kalan, was then officially changed to Tunceli to match the province's name.

The adjacent provinces are Erzincan to the north and west, Elazığ to the south, and Bingöl to the east. The province covers an area of 7,774 km (3,002 sq mi) and has a population of 76,699. It has the lowest population density of any province in Turkey, just 9.8 inhabitants/km.The majority of the population is Kurdish. Tunceli is the only province of Turkey with an Alevi majority.

Tunceli is known for its old buildings such as the Çelebi Ağa Mosque, Sağman Mosque, Elti Hatun Mosque and adjoining Tomb, castles including Mazgirt Castle, Pertek Castle, Derun-i Hisar Castle, and impressive natural scenery, especially in Munzur Valley National Park, the largest national park of Turkey.

Geography

See also: Munzur Valley National Park

Tunceli is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude.

History

The history of the province stretches back to antiquity. It was mentioned as Daranalis by Ptolemy, and seemingly, it was referred to as Daranis before him. One theory as to the origin of the name associates with Darius the Great. Another, more likely hypothesis, considering the region's Armenian background, says the name Daranalis or Daranaghis comes from the historical Armenian province of Daron, of which Dersim belonged.

The name Daranaghi in what is today Dersim, that in the Mamigonian was times part of Daron.

The area that would become Dersim province formed part of Urartu, Media, the Achaemenid Empire, and the Greater Armenian region of Sophene. Sophene was later contested by the Roman and Parthian Empires and by their respective successors, the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires. Arabs invaded in the 7th century, and Seljuq Turks in the 11th.

As of the end of the 19th century, the region, called Dersim, was included in the Ottoman sancak (sub-province) of Hozat, including the city and the Mamuret-ul-Aziz Vilayet (now Elazığ), with the exception of the actual district of Pülümür, which was in the neighboring sancak of Erzincan, then a part of the Erzurum Vilayet. This status continued through the first years of the Republic of Turkey, until 1936 when the name of the province ("Dersim") was changed to Tunceli, literally 'the land of bronze' in Turkish (tunç meaning 'bronze' and el (in this context) meaning 'land') after the brutal events of the Dersim rebellion. The town of Kalan was made the capital and the district of Pülümür was included in the new province.

Zazas of Tunceli

In the "Bisitun Inscriptions" of the Persians, the language spoken by the Deylemli on is called "Zuzu"."Zuzu" was used for the Tunceli region that day.According to some linguists, the name of this language is "Dilmılıce" which derives from Deylaman.For this reason, it is stated in the scientific classification that this language family is in the "Northwest Iranian languages" group.Linguistic scientists and Zaza people accept Zaza / Dımılıce as a language.Likewise, according to linguistics linguistics,Zaza is a language in itself.V. Minorsky, who is considered the father of Kurdology; and scientists such as David Mc Kenze, Prof, Goiche Kojima, Susani, Oskar Mann and Karl Hadank proved that Zaza is not a Kurdish dialect.Some Turcologists also assume Zaza language as a dialect of Turkish and; They claim that the Zazas are the Turkish tribe from Khorasan. According to these, Zaza people became Kurdish when they went to Dersim.

Turks of Tunceli

The tomb of two Turkish gentlemen Sarı Saltık and Uzun Hasan are located in the area. Tunceli's Çemişgezek is Turkish majority. Pertek central district residents and Sağman and Dereli village people are also said to be extensions of Karakeçili in Elâzığ. Documents to support this thesis are in the Ottoman records. Mazgirt's Akpazar town is again Sunni and Alevi Turkish majority. It was built together with Elti Hatun Mosque and fountain in Mazgirt district of Tunceli province. It is believed to have been built in the century and It is a work belonging to the Akkoyunlu period.

Tunceli Alevis

Tunceli is the only province of Turkey with an Alevi majority.

They have been practicing Alevism before the Ottoman Empire came to the Middle East and many believe Munzur, Dersim to be the heartland of the Alevi sect of Islam. Where holy places, all of which are natural features of the landscape, are found in abundance, and where the region's isolation has insulated it from the influence of Turkeys' dominant Sunni sect of Islam, helping to keep its unique Alevi character relatively pure. An example of this would be Newroz, the Kurdish New Year and a key date in Zoroastrian. The Alevi Kurds come out to sing and dance around the fire, they dress in traditional clothing, wear a red band over their heads and play soft music to their land.

The Alevi Kurds have a history of being attacked and discriminated against by Sunni Muslims in the past, both by the Ottoman Empire and Kurdish Sunni Muslims from other provinces due to their beliefs."If you really call yourself Alevi," says Bulut, "there is not really room for it in Islam," says Kadir Bulut, who is one of the few remaining "dedes" in Tunceli. "Davutoglu's visit was an attempt at assimilation, he tried to define a Muslim, and we do not want this." Says Engin Dogru, head of the Kurdish Democratic Regions Party in Tunceli

Zaza Alevis

A significant part of Tunceli's population is composed of Alevis originating from Zaza. The region they originally came from is known as Deylem.


Name changes

After the Dersim rebellion, any villages and towns deemed to have non-Turkish names were renamed and given Turkish names in order to suppress any non-Turkish heritage. During the Turkish Republican era, the words Kurdistan and Kurds were banned. The Turkish government had disguised the presence of the Kurds statistically by categorizing them as Mountain Turks.

Nişanyan estimates that 4,000 Kurdish geographical locations have been changed (Both Zazaki and Kurmanji). The people of Tunceli have been actively fighting to get their province reverted to its old Kurdish name "Dersim". Turkey's ruling Justice and Development Party (AK Party) claimed they are working on what it called a “democratization package” that includes the restoration of the Kurdish name of the eastern province of Tunceli back to Dersim in early 2013, but there has been no updates or news of it since then.

Districts

Tunceli Province is divided into eight districts (capital district in bold):

Although a distinct province, Tunceli was administered from Elazığ until 1947.

Cities and towns

Education

Ninety-eight percent of Tunceli's population has at least a primary school education, leading to one of the highest rates of literacy for a district within Turkey. In 1979/1980 Tunceli had the highest number of students attending universities as well as the top entry points until the only higher education school shut down and was converted to a military base.

Tunceli University was established on May 22, 2008. It has departments in international relations, economics, environmental protection engineering, industrial engineering, electronic engineering, computer engineering and mechanical engineering.

References

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External links

Tunceli Province of Turkey
Districts


Districts of Tunceli
Districts of Tunceli
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Metropolitan municipalities are bolded.
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39°12′53″N 39°28′17″E / 39.21472°N 39.47139°E / 39.21472; 39.47139

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