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Utpal Bhadra Ph.D., D.Sc., FRS(b+c), FNASc a renowned International Scientist, worked earlier as a Senior Principal Scientist ( Deputy Director) in the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), CSIR in Hyderabad, India. Bhadra is known for his work on Gene Silencing and RNA interference, and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry in the United Kingdom in 2016. He is called RNAI MAN as a nickname in Asia (Biosketch BioAsia). Bhadra, along with his wife, Dr. Manika Pal Bhadra, and Prof. Jim Birchler of the University of Missouri, invented cossuppression in Animal system in 1997 that was the first example of gene silencing in animal systems. His work published in the "CELL" journal in 1997.He and his wife showed that cosuppression or transgene silencing was also active in nonhomologous transgenes and also involved via mutually related endogenous sequences.

In 2002, they published revolutionary articles establishing that Gene silencing is interconnected both in transcriptional and post transcriptional level via RNAI mutations. In 2004, they also invented that RNAI plays a key and revolutionaries role Heterochromatin formation in animal tumor cells particularly in Cancer in Science that was in the top ten ranking papers for three consecutive years.

Bhadra has been establishing first and spreading knowledge of RNA Interference Technology throughout India and Asia-Pacific countries by delivering the talks in different educational Institutes in Singapore, Taiwan and Japan in early days. Later they synthesized PABA organic Nanotube for delivery of their invented therapeutics. Bhadra and his wife explored multiple and versatile tentacles of RNAI and tiny microRNAs in different human diseases against cancer, viral infection , neurological disorders etc.

Based on this long standing contribution in Chemical Industries, On behalf of University of Kalyani, West Bengal Governor awarded him ‘ Doctor of Science’ (D.Sc., Honorary causa) of Chemical Biology in 2016. As a challenging task and brave attitude, Bhadra quit the scientific research and served as a self employed Scientific Writer of his and other research works. In brief, Bhadra published his article in 112 International journals, achieved 18 award and honours, and served as editorial member of 17 journals.

After fulfilling his quest in science and producing prominent marks in World science, Bhadra and his labs quited his academic job in 2017. In 17 years, Bhadra has been publishing in top notch journals from India and getting three competitive grants from world reputed International funding agencies that widened his scientific scopes at a Global level. In between, Bhadra successfully organized four successful International conferences in India with leading world scientists. It claims his contribution was highly rated in the international scientific community. In 17 years, Bhadra has been serving for completion of seven projects of leading Industries like Shantha Biotech, Vimta lab as a chief scientific adviser and has also been interacting with industries for more than a decade that testified Bhadra's leadership and administrative capabilities. To keep his footsteps in clinical and medical Science as his long time desire and challenge, Bhadra joined as a chief adviser of leading pharma Vimta labs and have been progressing for completion of renovating microRNA based cancer diagnostic kits formations till to date.

==Education and research career==ther

Early life and education

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Bhadra was born and raised at Hingal Ganj, a small village in the World largest delta island, India. His father Late Kalipada Bhadra was a Mathematical Giant and Asst. Head Master, Locally he was known to "SHIP OF MATHEMATICS'. Bhadra completed his primary education at Hingalganj. The absence of a scope for further education in his village, he completed his schooling till class twelve from his sister's place at Asansol. Later He got admission in Presidency College, the most leading college in undivided India. for his Bachelor of Science (B, Sc.) degree in 1980.

Colleage and University days

Steps of higher education have two candles College and University. Bhadra got admitted in most Leading and Prestigious College, Presidency College among Commonwealth Countries in 1977. He was successfully promoted in B.Sc exam and entered premier university University of Calcutta for his M.Sc degree in 1980. He scored third highest marks in the University and received the Bronze Medal for standing on his merit. He was selected for CSIR Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) to continue his PH. D. on the most top notched subject Genetics in the same University in 1982. HE worked on " Transcriptional organization and Dosage compensation in trisomies of Drosophila on epigenetics regulation in the same department. The part of his work was published in Chromosoma and Journal of Experimental Biology. Bhadra also received the ISCA Award and Nehru Centenary British Fellowship from the United Kingdom to continue his Ph.D. work in London. But he continued his Ph.D. in the same department of India.

Research Opportunities and Challenges

Bhadra's core discovery on transcriptional organization in trisomies opens up a new vistas in epigenetics. The young faculty Dr. James S. Birchler (now Fellow AAAS, USA) Harvard University, Massachusetts, USA was attracted by these findings the most and invited Bhadra to Join his team in Harvard University. Immediately he selected Bhadra for a Post Doctoral fellowship to work in his team in 1991. Bhadra Joined his team on year Larter in 1992. Meanwhile Dr. Birchler shifted to University of Missouri Columbia , USA for a better position. Bhadra Joined in his team. One year later in 1993 his wife Dr. Manika Pal-Bhadra joined Bhadra's leading team of Birchler Lab. Earlier, Bhadra and his wife completed two blazing projects with credentials . (1) Molecular characterizations of different trans-acting Modifiers and their interacting effect on gene regular (2) Establishment of the most controversial new model for Dosage Compensation in Drosophila via trans acting modifiers. Later, they accidentally solved a more innovative and complicated venture for Epigenetics. They established that similar to plants after ten long years they invented that Cosuppression or gene silencing also occurred in Animals and discovered a magical event of Biology Nonhomologous cosuppression that is beyond the limit of Scientist imagination. Such discovery laid the foundation of his fame world wide and entered the International arena of Science. As a result Bhadra got Invitation of leading countries of Europe including France in 2000 and delivered his multiple talks creating an opposite notion that more transgenes produces less products in Biology. In Post Doctoral life Bhadra and his wife published nine articles in top notch journals such as multiple articles in CELL, Nature Genetics, Genetics, Current opinion of Genes and Development etc.

Milestones of science and technology

After rigorous nine years Post doctoral training (Post Ph.D.) in USA, In 2001 WELLCOME TRUST RESEARCH FOUNDATION, United Kingdom Sponsored to Bhadra. Bhadra planned to move to India and he received multiple offers from Different Premier Indian Research Institutes and Ultimately joined CSIR CCMB, Hyderabad as a Senior Scientist for improving third world Science and spreading the cutting edge technology RNA Interference. Later 2004, Bhadra was awarded Young Investigator Grand from HFSP, France and Indo-France Bilateral Science programs to continue his innovative research. Later Bhadra was promoted as Sr. Principal Scientist or Deputy Director of the same Institute. Meanwhile Bhadra served as chief consultant and project head of five leading Biopharm industries for RNA based therapeutic development in India .

Bhadra was extremely successful in this new environment in CCMB and has been publishing in top notch journals and getting competitive grants from International funding agencies. Bhadra's ability to organize International conferences and networking with top scientists in the world is worthy of appreciation. After joining CCMB in 2001 August, Bhadra was not only brought financial support to CCMB but also strengthened and widened CCMB scientific scope and earned Scientific glamour. He continuously published his articles in top notch journals like Mol. Cell, Science, Cell from India. These are the top articles in CSIR on that year in India. For such contributions, Bhadra was highly rated in the International Scientific Community. In practical sense, more than hundred RNA Pharma industries were developed world wide based on animal gene silencing and RNAI technology.

Discovery, innovation and major contribution

Transcriptional modifiers and organization

Bhadra has a keen interest to play and explore with chromosome copy numbers and chromosome dynamics at the molecular level since his budding research life in the University. To hunt the treasure of epigenetic and transcriptional organization, he worked on absence one of the active X chromosome in male and trisomies in different entire autosomal arms in Drosophila.Individuals trisomic for the X chromosome produce the same amount of X-linked products in vivo as euploid males and females that represent a basal level of organisation like that of autosomes. Bhadra established that the levels of template activity are almost dose dependent, means the template activity of the trisomic autosomes must be viewed as a basal level of expression. Compared to other data Bhadra claimed that some other post transcriptional homeostatic mechanism must exist for autosomal dosage compensation trisomies.

In strong relevances, Bhadra propagated his post doctoral work by molecular characterization of trans-acting modifiers of X chromosomal compensated white gene and copia retrotransposons and their molecular interactions on the single target. Bhadra generated four transacting dose dependent modifieres Low, Inr-a, Wow and Mow progressively on the same white gene targets. The single to quadruple combinations provided the information on their interaction properties. Bhadra noticed the cumulative effects, cancellation by opposite effects, and epistatic interactions of one modifier with another. In some cases, the combination of two directly correlative effects observed an inverse correlative effect or vice versa. The quadruple combination still only increases white expression maximally two to threefold rather than the 􏰁>16􏰄 level expected from independent modifier action. Thus Bhadra established that the overall trend of multiple modifiers is non cumulative in phenotype Therefore multiple biochemical pathways contribute to the phenotype that complicates the genetics interaction.

Emergence of global Dosage Compensation model and sex Determination

The evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes is a direct consequence of the evolution of dosage compensation.

First discovery of cosuppression in Animals

In comparison, plants become helpless when 90% of RNA viruses are invaded, while animals have a very well developed closed immune system that degrades any foreign parasitic DNA by the help of interferon. This argument is the absolute support for the existence of cosuppression events only in plants. Plant biotechnologist claimed that cosuppression in plants is an alternative for a well developed immune system in animals. It is reasonable to believe the arguments that appears cosuppression is the sole prerogative for plants that have never existed in animals. In 1997, Bhadra and his wife Manika Pal-Bhadra accidentally discovered the unbelievable cosuppression event with the multiple incorporation of w-Adh transgenes in Drosophila. Earlier scientists thought this a bizarre idea similar to cold fusion. But when it was published in the CELL journal they believed that cosuppression comes to animals The idea less from the more strengthened our notion that scientists can knock down the transgenes at the transcriptional level via transcriptional repressor polycomb protein binding. This invention provided sufficient energy to germinate the RNAI mechanism in 1998 one years later. This discovery claimed the quickest NOBEL Prize in history 2007 after invention and developed more than hundred RNA Pharma industries throughout the world. nowadays

RNA Interference and versatile tentacles

Nanoparticle and oral drug delivery

RNAi and X inactivation

MicroRNA, Early diagnosis and therapies

Hobby and interest

Bhadra has an enormous and consistent interest in movies and sports. After acquiring the potential financial strength, in 2011, he co-produced the Popular film EGARO . The Bengali Movies based on the freedom fighting strength through the dominance of historic Mohan Bagan club winning of Calcutta IFA shield under the British rule of India in 1911. Movie has a long-lasting contribution. EGARO generated the THEME song for MOHAN BAGAN CLUB and first gave the chance to Arijit Singh as a singer in the movie song. This is the first sign for grooming him as a most popular singer at the center stage of India.

Books Series

A mission for RNA medicine : Bantham Book- Singapore

BOOKS

1) Transcription and beyond : Cambridge Scholar Press UK (2020)

2) MicroRNA:New era for diagnosis and therapy: Academia Press USA (2020)

3) RNA medicines for neurological disorders: Bantham books Singapore (2020)

Chapters

1) In Book : RNAI and Gene Silencing Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York pp 23-43 (2003).

2) In Book :Bioresources and Environmental Stresses University of Okayama press, Okayama, Japan pp 9-14.(2003) (

3) In Book: Proceeding in Cold Spring Harbor Symposium 69: 433-438.(2005)

4) In book: Blackwell Publishing, 31 (6): 13A. (2007)

5) In Book: CRC Press, California, USA, pp 123- 148.(2009)

6) In book: Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Discovery In: InTech Open Science/Open Mind shttp://dx.doi.org/ 10.5772/58412, pp.447-468. (2014)

7) In Book: Trends in Animal Biotechnolog International Press Corporation, USA (2014).

8) In Book: Nanoscience & Technology for Mankind. The National Academy of Sciences, India, pp.96-110.(2014)

9) In Book : InTech (Open Science and Open Minds) RNA Interference Editor I.Y. Abdurakhmonov http://dx.doi.org/10.5772 /61975.(2016)

10) In Book: InTech (Open Science and Open Minds)Novel Aspects of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. (2016)

11) In Book: Basic Biochemistry” Volume 1:pp 1-31 (2017)

Awards and Honors

Fellowships

1) CSIR – Junior Research Fellow & Sr. Research Fellow India (1983–1990)(Selected)

2) Nehru Centenary Fellow, London , United Kingdom ( 1991)

3) Senior Post-Doc Fellow, Division of Bio Sciences, University of Missouri, USA (1992–2001)(Selected)

4) Fellow Australian Expert Group of Industrial Study (AEGIS) (2005)(Elected)

5) Fellow National Academy of Sciences, India (2006)(Elected)

6) Senior International Fellow. Wellcome Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom (2005-2011)(Selected)

7) Fellow Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC, London, United Kingdom)(2016, Elected)

8)Fellow Royal Society of Biology (FRSB, London, United Kingdom)(2016, Elected)

Selected Awards

1) Excellent Investigator, French Academy of Science, France(2003-2008).

2)Young Investigator, Human Frontier Science Program France(2003-2009).

3)Ranbaxy Research Award for Medical Sciences, India (2010),

4) Dr. Radhakrishnan Gold Medal Award (GEPRA), India (2013).

5)Research Excellence Award Indo-Global Education Summit(Indus-Foundation) (2013).

6)Life Time Achievement gold medal Award(ABAP, India) (2013).

7 )13th Wellcome Image Awards WELLCOME TRUST, Cambridge United Kingdom (2014)

8) 14th Wellcome Image Awards WELLFOME TRUST, Cambridge, United Kingdom (2015)

9) Great Achiever of India, Integrated Council of India (2017)

10) Bharat Joyti India (2017)

Journal's Editor

1) Frontier of Genetics (since 2011)

2) Journal of Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics (JCIB) (since 2013)

3) Journal of Advanced Biomarkers Research (Revotech Press) (2015)

4) Frontiers in Bioscience (2015)

5) Journal of In Silico & In-Vitro Pharmacology (2015)

6) Peertechz Journal of Biological Research and Development (2015)

7) Journal of Molecular Biology (2016)

8) Journal of Biomarker (2016)

9) Scifed of Chemical Research (2016)

10) Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (2016)

11) Scifed Journal of Virology (2016)

12) SM Group Open Access eBooks,(2016)

13) Nature Scientific Reports (2016-2018)

14) Journal of Genetics and DNA Research ( 2017)

15) Current Trends in Vaccines and vaccinology (2017)

16) SOJ Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (2017)

17) SM Journal of Carcinogenesis (2017)

Visiting Professor/Scientist

1) Visiting Professor Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri August 2002- September 15,2002.

2)Visiting Scientist, University of OSAKA, Japan January 15 -February 1, 2003

3)Visiting Scientist School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia USA February 1 –May 31, 2003.

4)Visiting Professor Division of Biological Science, University of Missouri July 1- August 15, 2003

5) Visiting Scientist, Biology Department, Washington University St. Louis, USA July 15- August 15, 2004.

6) Visiting Professor, Division of Biological Science, University of Missouri February 1 2005- March 1, 2005.

7) Visiting Scientist, School of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa July1 to July 15, 2005

8)Visiting Professor. School of Medicine University of Missouri May 15- June 30, 2005.

9) Visiting Professor, Academia Scinica, University of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan February 15 -March 1, 2006

10)Visiting Scientist, CNRS, Montpelier, France, April 15- June 15, 2006

11)Visiting Professor, CNRS, Montpelier, France, May 15 - June 15, 2007

12) Visiting Professor, Tamasek Institute Singapore February 15- March 1 2008.

13) Visiting Professor, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, USA April 15 - June 15, 2009.

14)Visiting Scientist, University of Munchen, Munchen, Germany April 15 - June 1, 2010.

Selected publications

1. Pal Bhadra M., Bhadra U. and Birchler J. (1997) Cell 90: 479-490 (IF: 36.36) (Joint First Author)

2. Birchler J. A., Pal Bhadra M. and Bhadra U. (1999). Nature Genetics 21: 148-151

3. Pal-Bhadra M., Bhadra U. and Birchler J. A. (1999) Cell 99: 35-46 (Joint First Author)

4. Pal-Bhadra, M., Bhadra, U. and Birchler, J. A. (2002) Molecular Cell 9: 315-323 (IF: 14.2) (Joint First Author)

5. Pal- Bhadra et al., (2004) Science 303: 669-672 (Co corresponding author)

6. Grimaud et al, (2007) Cell 124 : 957-971 (Head of joint contributory labs)

7. Sharma et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 30: 3582–3595. (in cover page)

8. Pushpavalli et al., (2013) FASEB Journal 28: 655-666 (Corresponding Author)

9. Rana et al.,(2015) Journal of Controlled Release 200: 167-178

10. Utpal Bhadra et. al., (2015) Nature Scientific Reports 5:14747 dOI: 10.1038/srep 14747.(Corresponding author)

11. Asalla et al., (2015) Nature Sci. Reports 6:27513 dOI: 10.1038/srep 27513

12. Reddy et al.,(2016) Nature scientific reports doi: 10.1038/srep 35223.

13. Patel et al.,(2017) Nature Scientific reports Article number: 4263 (2017)doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02800-2

14. Utpal Bhadra et al.,(2017)Sleep Medicine doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2017.04.008 Corresponding author

References

^ "City's scientist couple misses Nobel narrowly". The Hindu. 4 October 2006.
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"CCMB scientist bags Bharat Jyoti Award". The Hans India.