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Roger Waters
Waters in Barcelona during The Wall Live, 5 April 2011
Background information
Birth name	George Roger Waters
Born	(1943-09-06) 6 September 1943 (age 81) Great Bookham, England
Genres	Progressive rock psychedelic rock art rock blues rock
Occupations	Singer musician songwriter composer record producer
Instruments	Vocals bass guitar acoustic guitar
Years active	1964–present
Labels	Capitol Columbia Sony Harvest
Website	roger-waters.com
Roger Waters' voice from the BBC programme Desert Island Discs, 29 May 2011.

George Roger Waters (born 6 September 1943) is an English songwriter, singer, bassist, and composer. In 1965, he co-founded the progressive rock band Pink Floyd. Waters initially served solely as the bassist, but following the departure of singer-songwriter Syd Barrett in 1968, he also became their lyricist, co-lead vocalist, and conceptual leader.

Pink Floyd achieved international success with the concept albums The Dark Side of the Moon (1973), Wish You Were Here (1975), Animals (1977), and The Wall (1979). By the early 1980s, they had become one of the most critically acclaimed and commercially successful groups in popular music; by 2013, they had sold more than 250 million albums worldwide. Amid creative differences, Waters left in 1985 and began a legal dispute over the use of the band's name and material. They settled out of court in 1987.

Waters's solo work includes the studio albums The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking (1984), Radio K.A.O.S. (1987), Amused to Death (1992), and Is This the Life We Really Want? (2017). In 2005, he released Ça Ira, an opera translated from Étienne and Nadine Roda-Gils' libretto about the French Revolution.

In 1990, Waters staged one of the largest rock concerts in history, The Wall – Live in Berlin, with an attendance of 450,000. As a member of Pink Floyd, he was inducted into the US Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. Later that year, he reunited with Pink Floyd bandmates Nick Mason, Richard Wright, and David Gilmour for the Live 8 global awareness event, the group's first appearance with Waters since 1981. He has toured extensively as a solo act since 1999; he performed The Dark Side of the Moon in its entirety for his world tour of 2006–2008, and the Wall Live tour of 2010–2013 was the highest-grossing tour by a solo artist at the time.

Early years

Waters was born on 6 September 1943, the younger of two boys, to Mary (née Whyte; 1913–2009) and Eric Fletcher Waters (1914–1944), in Great Bookham, Surrey. His father, the son of a coal miner and Labour Party activist, was a schoolteacher, a devout Christian, and a Communist Party member.

In the early years of the Second World War, Waters's father was a conscientious objector who drove an ambulance during the Blitz. He later changed his stance on pacifism, joined the Territorial Army and was commissioned into the 8th Battalion, Royal Fusiliers as a Second Lieutenant on 11 September 1943. He was killed five months later on 18 February 1944 at Aprilia, during the Battle of Anzio, when Roger was five months old. He is commemorated in Aprilia and at the Cassino War Cemetery. On 18 February 2014, Waters unveiled a monument to his father and other war casualties in Aprilia, and was made an honorary citizen of Anzio. Following her husband's death, Mary Waters, also a teacher, moved with her two sons to Cambridge and raised them there. Waters's earliest memory is of the V-J Day celebrations.

Waters attended Morley Memorial Junior School in Cambridge and then the Cambridgeshire High School for Boys (now Hills Road Sixth Form College) with Syd Barrett, while future Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour lived nearby on Mill Road and attended the Perse School. At 15, Waters was chairman of the Cambridge Youth Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (YCND), having designed its publicity poster and participated in its organisation. He was a keen sportsman and a highly regarded member of the high school's cricket and rugby teams. Waters was unhappy at school, saying: "I hated every second of it, apart from games. The regime at school was a very oppressive one ... the same kids who are susceptible to bullying by other kids are also susceptible to bullying by the teachers."

Waters met future Pink Floyd founder members Nick Mason and Richard Wright in London at the Regent Street Polytechnic (later the University of Westminster) school of architecture. Waters enrolled there in 1962, after a series of aptitude tests indicated he was well suited to that field. He had initially considered a career in mechanical engineering.

1965–1985: Pink Floyd

Formation and Barrett-led period

By September 1963, Waters and Mason had lost interest in their studies and moved into the lower flat of Stanhope Gardens, owned by Mike Leonard, a part-time tutor at the Regent Street Polytechnic. Waters, Mason and Wright first played music together in late 1963, in a band formed by vocalist Keith Noble and bassist Clive Metcalfe. They usually called themselves Sigma 6, but also used the name the Meggadeaths. Waters played rhythm guitar and Mason played drums, Wright played any keyboard he could arrange to use, and Noble's sister Sheilagh provided occasional vocals. In the early years the band performed during private functions and rehearsed in a tearoom in the basement of Regent Street Polytechnic.

When Metcalfe and Noble left to form their own group in September 1963, the remaining members asked Barrett and guitarist Bob Klose to join. Waters switched to the bass and by January 1964, the group became known as the Abdabs, or the Screaming Abdabs. During late 1964, the band used the names Leonard's Lodgers, Spectrum Five, and eventually, the Tea Set. In late 1965, the Tea Set had changed their name to the Pink Floyd Sound, later the Pink Floyd Blues Band and, by early 1966, Pink Floyd.

By early 1966, Barrett was Pink Floyd's frontman, guitarist, and songwriter. He wrote or co-wrote all but one track of their debut LP The Piper at the Gates of Dawn, released in August 1967. Waters contributed the song "Take Up Thy Stethoscope and Walk" (his first sole writing credit) to the album. By late 1967, Barrett's deteriorating mental health and increasingly erratic behaviour, rendered him "unable or unwilling" to continue in his capacity as Pink Floyd's singer-songwriter and lead guitarist. In early March 1968, to discuss the band's future, Barrett, Mason, Waters, and Wright met with the band's managers, Peter Jenner and Andrew King of the rock music management company they had all founded: Blackhill Enterprises. Barrett agreed to leave Pink Floyd, and the band "agreed to Blackhill's entitlement in perpetuity" regarding "past activities". Their new manager Steve O'Rourke made a formal announcement about the departure of Barrett and the arrival of David Gilmour in April 1968.

Waters-led period

After Barrett's departure in March 1968, Waters began to chart Pink Floyd's artistic direction. He said he wanted to "drag kicking and screaming back from the borders of space, from the whimsy that Syd was into, to my concerns, which were much more political and philosophical". Waters became a dominant songwriter and the band's principal lyricist, sharing lead vocals with Gilmour and sometimes Wright. Throughout the late 1970s, he was the band's dominant creative figure until his departure in 1985. He wrote most of the lyrics to the five Pink Floyd albums preceding his departure, starting with The Dark Side of the Moon (1973) and ending with The Final Cut (1983), while exerting progressively more creative control. Every Waters studio album from The Dark Side of the Moon onwards has been a concept album.

With lyrics written entirely by Waters, The Dark Side of the Moon is one of the most successful rock albums ever. It spent 736 consecutive weeks on the Billboard 200 chart—until July 1988—and sold over 40 million copies worldwide. As of 2005, it continued to sell over 8,000 copies a week. According to Pink Floyd biographer Glen Povey, Dark Side of the Moon is the world's second-bestselling album and the United States' 21st-bestselling album. In 1970, Waters composed Music from The Body in collaboration with Ron Geesin, a soundtrack album to Roy Battersby's documentary film The Body.

Waters produced thematic ideas that became the impetus for the Pink Floyd concept albums The Dark Side of the Moon (1973), Wish You Were Here (1975), Animals (1977) and The Wall (1979)—written largely by Waters—and The Final Cut (1983)—written entirely by Waters. The cost of war and the loss of his father became a recurring theme, from "Corporal Clegg" (A Saucerful of Secrets, 1968) and "Free Four" (Obscured by Clouds, 1972) to "Us and Them" from The Dark Side of the Moon, "When the Tigers Broke Free", first used in the feature film, The Wall (1982), later included with "The Fletcher Memorial Home" on The Final Cut, an album dedicated to his father. The theme and composition of The Wall was influenced by his upbringing in an English society depleted of men after the Second World War.

I think things like "Comfortably Numb" were the last embers of mine and Roger's ability to work collaboratively together.

The double album The Wall was written almost entirely by Waters and is largely based on his life story. Having sold over 23 million RIAA certified units in the US as of 2013, is tied for sixth-most certified album of all time in America. Pink Floyd hired Bob Ezrin to co-produce the album and cartoonist Gerald Scarfe to illustrate the sleeve art. The band embarked on The Wall Tour of Los Angeles, New York, London, and Dortmund. The last band performance of The Wall was on 17 June 1981, at Earls Court London, and this was Pink Floyd's last appearance with Waters until the band's brief reunion at 2 July 2005 Live 8 concert in London's Hyde Park, 24 years later.

In March 1983, the last Pink Floyd album with Waters, The Final Cut, was released. It was subtitled: "A requiem for the post-war dream by Roger Waters, performed by Pink Floyd". Waters wrote all the album's lyrics and music. His lyrics were critical of the Conservative Party government of the day and mention Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher by name. At the time Gilmour did not have any new material, so he asked Waters to delay the recording until he could write some songs, but Waters refused. According to Mason, after power struggles within the band and creative arguments about the album, Gilmour's name "disappeared" from the production credits, though he retained his pay. Rolling Stone magazine gave the album five stars, with Kurt Loder describing it as "a superlative achievement" and "art rock's crowning masterpiece". Loder viewed the work as "essentially a Roger Waters solo album".

Departure and lawsuit

Amidst creative differences, Waters left Pink Floyd in 1985 and began a legal battle with the band regarding their continued use of the name and material. In December 1985, Waters issued a statement to EMI and CBS invoking the "Leaving Member" clause in his contract. In October 1986, he initiated High Court proceedings to formally dissolve the Pink Floyd partnership. In his submission to the High Court he called Pink Floyd a "spent force creatively". Gilmour and Mason opposed the application and announced their intention to continue as Pink Floyd. Waters claims to have been forced to resign like Wright had been years earlier, and decided to leave Pink Floyd based on legal considerations, saying: "If I hadn't, the financial repercussions would have wiped me out completely."

In December 1987, Waters and Pink Floyd reached an agreement. Waters was released from his contractual obligation with O'Rourke, and he retained the copyrights to the Wall concept and the inflatable Animals pig. Pink Floyd released three studio albums without him: A Momentary Lapse of Reason (1987), The Division Bell (1994) and The Endless River (2014). In 2005, Waters said of their almost 20 years of animosity: "I don't think any of us came out of the years from 1985 with any credit ... It was a bad, negative time, and I regret my part in that negativity." In 2013, he said he regretted the lawsuit, saying:

I was wrong. Of course I was ... It's one of the few times that the legal profession has taught me something. Because when I went to these chaps and said, "Listen, we're broke, this isn't Pink Floyd anymore," they went, "What do you mean? That's irrelevant, it is a label and it has commercial value. You can't say it's going to cease to exist ... you obviously don't understand English jurisprudence."

Inflatable pigs on tours

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After Roger Waters departed Pink Floyd in 1985, he continued to use the pig as a show element during his solo live performances.

The Dark Side of the Moon Live tour 2006–2007

Roger Waters used inflatable pigs at many shows on his 2006–2007 tour The Dark Side of the Moon Live, specifically, when he performed the song "Sheep", concluding the first part of the show. The pigs used on tour were decorated with slogans and pieces of song lyrics, and with various drawings. During select performances at open-air venues the pig was released to "fly" away, a reference to the idiom "Pigs might fly".

• 5 October 2006, at the Hollywood Bowl in Hollywood: slogans decorating the pig included "Kafka Rules OK!" on the pig's side, "Impeach Bush Now", on the pig's backside, and "Free at Last", written on the pig's underbelly. Handlers released the pig into the night sky. Afterwards, authorities informed Waters that he would face charges if it was attempted again.

The pig was released again at the Shoreline Amphitheatre show in Mountain View the following week, on 10 October.

2007 Australia, New Zealand and Asian tour dates

• 9 February 2007, at Perth Oval in Perth, Australia: the pig was again walked through the audience, then released, apparently deliberately. It was decorated with many slogans, including "Bring David Hicks home." It was followed by spotlight as it rose through the night sky and eventually landed in a swimming pool about 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) away.

2007 Latin American tour dates

• In Mexico City, the pig had the message "Cerdo Bush derriba el muro de la frontera" ("PIG BUSH, DEMOLISH THE BORDER WALL"). The pig was released into the sky and was found in the nearby area of Azcapotzalco two days later.
• In Bogotá, Colombia, the pig featured the following slogans: "El patrón Bush visita el rancho de Colombia" (The landlord Bush visits the Colombian ranch) a clear reference to Bush's visit to the country only two days later, "Libres al fin" (Free at last) on the pig's belly, "El miedo construye paredes" (Fear Builds Walls), and "Kafka manda" (Kafka rules) on one leg, while also having peace symbols, the word "amor" (love) on his right hind foot, and the words "lechona Bush" (roasted pig Bush) on the pig's buttocks, as well as its sides reading "Devuélvanle la tierra a la gente" (Give the people back their land), and "Legalizen las drogas" (Legalize drugs), referencing the problem of refugees, the traffic of illegal substances and poor distribution of land in Colombia. The pig vanished into the night during the bridge of "Sheep".
• In Lima, the message for Peruvians was "Todos los peruanos somos iguales, no a la discriminación" (All Peruvians are equal, no discrimination), due to one of the main problems in Peruvian society, discrimination against andean people, afroperuvians, gays and lesbians and others. Other messages included: "Stop Bush" and "Kafka rules".
• In Santiago, Chile, the pig had the following messages: "Socialismo al servicio de las S.A."(Socialism in service of the corporations), "Libre al fin" ("Free at Last"), "Sin TAG" (Without TAG), "Va a nevar en el espacio, la NASA no lo sabe" (It's going to snow in space, NASA doesn't know), "Sorpresas de la democracia, la basura sale a flote" (Surprises of democracy, trash rises to the top), "Push Bush contra la muralla" (Push Bush up against the wall, perhaps a reference to the lyrics of In the Flesh), "¿Fey? ¿Iñ chiñ? ¿El? ¿Nosotros? Tristes metáforas" (He? We all? in Mapudungun, then He? We all? Sad metaphors in Spanish), "Víctor Jara no calla" (Víctor Jara won't be silenced), and "E=MCool". Some of the messages were authored by Chilean poets Nicanor Parra, Elicura Chihuailaf, and Diego Maquieira. The pig was released at the end of "Sheep".
• In Buenos Aires the pig had different messages, like "¿Donde esta Julio Lopez?" (Where's Julio Lopez, a missing witness in a political trial), "El miedo crea paredes" (Fear creates walls), "Bush go home", "Corte Aqui" (cut here) next to a dotted line around the neck and "Kafka rules OK", among others.
• In São Paulo, the pig bore messages such as "All we need is education", "Bush, não estamos à venda!" (Portuguese for "Bush, we're not for sale!"), "Killers, leave our kids alone" (a reference to João Hélio Fernandes Vieites, a young boy who had been recently murdered in a Motor vehicle theft) and "Ordem e Progresso?", a pun with the inscription of the Brazilian flag which reads "Ordem e Progresso" (Order and Progress) without the question mark.

2007 European tour dates

• 3 May 2007, Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy, Paris, France "What an asshole", "Le Pen" "Enculés", "All religions divide us".
• 12 May 2007, at Earls Court, London; in addition to much of the above, ('Stop Bush...', 'Nearly a laugh...', 'Dick Cheney... asshole!'), the mention of Tony Blair had an arrow from the underside where good riddance had been added—Blair had announced the timetable for his resignation the day before the gig. Additionally, 'All Religions Build Walls' on one side.

2007 North American tour dates

• 19 May 2007, In Tampa, Florida: The pig was painted by James Vendetta and released at the Ford Amphitheater despite a 40 mph wind. One side read "Kafka Rules" and "Habeas Corpus Matters". The other side read "I only answer to God – Tony Blair". Under the words "I only answer to God" was written "Is this democracy?". Under "Tony Blair" was written, "Good Riddance". On the pig's butt, it said, "Impeach Bush Now". The belly said, "Free at last". On the throat, "Cut Here" with a dotted line. The pig was paraded through the crowd and released into the sky, but because the pig was not completely inflated it didn't float quickly enough to make it out the venue. The pig finally got tangled up on one of the columns supporting the venue's massive roof and blocked a giant LED screen for the rest of the show. Roger then said "In the meanwhile, we're gonna try and free that pig!" after the first set.
• 30 May 2007, New York City: On the pig's right side: "Habeas Corpus Matters" and "Fear Builds Walls". On the left side: "Torture Shames Us All!" and "Religions Divide". On the rear: "Impeach Bush" with a peace sign over the pig's ass. Along the neck: "Cut Here" above a dotted line with a spattering of blood. Unlike the two previous pigs, this one had a partial drawing of The Wall on both sides.

• 13 June 2007, at the Hollywood Bowl in Hollywood: a pig was walked around, but not released. "Torture shames us all" and "All religions divide" on the right side ("No education" in smaller writing). "Habeus [sic] corpus matters", "Fear builds walls" on the left side. "Free at last" on the belly. "Impeach Bush" on the rear. Various graffiti-style writings all around.
• 2 July 2007, at the Marcus Amphitheater in Milwaukee: a pig was walked around, and released over Lake Michigan. Similar markings to previous events; may have been the same pig as the earlier Hollywood Bowl performance.

Live Earth

7 July 2007: Roger Waters played in the New York leg of Live Earth. When he began singing "The Happiest Days of Our Lives" / "Another Brick in the Wall Part 2" the pig came out again. It had a more cartoonish look, and part of its body appeared as that of the wall. It had the words "Together we stand, divided we fall" (the last lines of "Hey You") on one side and "SOS" on the other. Unlike the SOS logo for Live Earth (which stood for "Save Our Selves"), the one on the pig said "Save Our Sausages" instead.

The Dark Side of the Moon Live tour 2008

2008 North American tour dates

Coachella

• 27 April 2008 At the conclusion of the three-day music festival, called Coachella, Roger Waters ended the night, but not before he could release a special white pig. Over 50,000 people were in attendance. The pig was adorned with political messages. One side read "Don't be led to the slaughter", with Uncle Sam holding two cleavers. The other side said "Fear builds walls." The bottom read "Obama" with a check besides it, while the butt of the pig read "Impeach Bush" in graffiti lettering. Nearing the end of the first act, during "Sheep", the handlers lost their grip on the pig. Many people in attendance at the concert thought this was planned, but later it was announced that a $10,000 reward with 4 lifetime passes to Coachella would be given to whoever found the pig. It was found as "crumpled heaps of shredded, spray-painted plastic" three days later at a nearby country club in La Quinta. In addition to the pig, a low-flying plane dropped thousands of tiny leaflets with the Obama Check Mark design on the crowd. This caused a problem with the nearby town of Indio, where residents woke up to their town completely littered with trash.

Denver

• 30 April 2008 The pig appeared during "Sheep" and dropped leaflets with "Obama" with a check box next to his name.

Dallas

• On 2 May 2008, Roger Waters' pig appeared during the bridge of the song "Sheep". The pig entered from the left side of the SuperPages.com Center pavilion and made its way across sections 101 and 102 just in front of the VIP boxes. The pig was then taken out the right-hand side into the lawn-seating area and proceeded to the middle rear of the crowd. The crowd eventually took control and briefly mobbed the pig before releasing it into the night sky. The pig allegedly travelled to downtown Dallas, where it hit a crane over Victory Park. The pig for the Dallas show was constructed by artist Frank Campagna. The dimensions of the pig were 30 × 15 feet. The front left leg was painted with the words "Fear Builds Walls" over a series of grey bricks. The left side said "Obama" with a check box next to his name. Under the Obama "ballot" were the words "Don't Be Led to the Slaughter". The pig's penis had "Cheney" written on it. The pig's anus was adorned with the words "Impeach Bush Now".

Houston

• 4 May 2008 The pig appeared and followed much the same path as in Dallas. The bearers of the pig struggled to keep it controlled while under the roof of the Woodlands Pavilion, due to a combination of crosswind and downdraught from overhead fans. The pig made four complete circles of the lawn-seating section before being released. One change in the pig's appearance was the absence of the "cut here" line, and the addition of two black eyes and a number of bruises. The pig was half pink and had large patches of bricks with graffiti-styled writing on them. The check mark next to "OBAMA" appears as a dotted edged square. The right side of the pig had the statement "All Religions Divide" written across it. The left side of the pig showed a caricature of President George W. Bush with porcine features, with the phrase "Only Dimly Aware" next to it—a reference to the song being sung, "Sheep": "Harmlessly passing your time in the grassland away / Only dimly aware of a certain unease in the air".

2008 European tour dates

Landgraaf (The Netherlands)

• 11 May 2008 Waters' pig appeared once again during the song "Sheep". It was pink with texts on both sides. On the bottom "Obama" was written, and "Fear builds walls" on the right side. It was released and floated away into the air.

"The Wall" Live

2010 tour dates

Chicago

• 24 September 2010 A remote-controlled inflatable pig was flown around the United Center during the song "Run Like Hell". The pig was operated in a similar manner to the Chicago Bulls' Benny the Bull inflatable mascot, which flies around the United Center during Bulls' games.
• The pig was in fact a warthog.

Ottawa, New Jersey and Mexico City

• The pig was in fact a warthog.

2011 tour dates

The Netherlands

• 09-04-2011 Gelredome, The Netherlands.

2012 tour dates

Chile

• On 2 and 3 March, a wired inflatable wild boar or warthog was flown behind the stage during the show. The boar was driven onto the audience, and landed over it, then it was torn into pieces by the crowd. It was black, with red eyes and white tusks, and phrases and symbols painted in white and red, over the black body.

Philadelphia

• 14 July, the boar made an appearance and was crashed into the 100-level section of Citizens Bank Park at the end of the show. Here is video of the audience catching and tearing the boar to shreds.

Phoenix

• 15 May, the boar made an appearance crashing into the make believe wall set up for the concert.

2013 tour dates

Belgium

• 20 July, A black inflatable boar was released emblazoned with a Star of David alongside other symbols. The display of the Star of David caused Waters to be accused of Anti-Semitism. Rabbi Abraham Cooper, associate dean of the Simon Wiesenthal Center criticised Waters by stating "Waters has been a supporter of the anti-Israel BDS (Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions) movement. Forget Israel/Palestine. Waters deployed a classic disgusting medieval anti-Semitic caricature widely used by both Nazi and Soviet propaganda to incite hatred against Jews.". On 1 August 2013, Waters posted an open letter on his Facebook page in response to Cooper's "entirely predictable resulting rant." Addressing Cooper, Waters wrote, "I hold your outburst to be inflammatory and un-helpful and would suggest it can only impede progress towards peace and understanding between people. It is also extremely insulting to me personally in that you accuse me of being 'Anti Semitic', 'A Jew Hater' and 'Nazi Sympathizer'... I have many very close Jewish friends, one of whom, interestingly enough, is the nephew of the late Simon Wiesenthal. I am proud of that association; Simon Wiesenthal was a great man... I have often come under attack by the pro Israel lobby because of my support for BDS (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions) which I won't go into here... However I will say this, in a functioning theocracy it is almost inevitable that the symbol of the religion becomes confused with the symbol of the state, in this case the State of Israel... Like it or not, the Star of David represents Israel and its policies and is legitimately subject to any and all forms of non-violent protest. To peacefully protest against Israel's racist domestic and foreign policies is NOT ANTI-SEMITIC." Waters also wrote, "For the sake of some perspective. The inflatable pig...has appeared at every Wall Show since September 2010, some 193 shows, yours is the first complaint. Also the pig in question represents evil, and more specifically the evil of errant government. We make a gift of this symbol of repression to the audience at the end of every show and the people always do the right thing. They destroy it."

Desert Trip Show 2016 & Us + Them tour 2017-2018

Inflatable pigs were special decorations which have been used by Roger Waters in his concert when the singer took part in Desert Trip show on Sunday, October, 9 2016. They were decorated by images and phrases.

Inflatable pigs at Desert Trip

Spectators of the concert could see pigs floating above Empire Polo Field where the event took place. Totally the singer used 3 different pigs in his performance which was watched live by over 75 thousand viewers. In order to control oversized animals the remote control was used.

Anti-Trump statements

Inflatable pigs appeared when Roger Waters performed his song “Pigs (Three Different Ones)”. At this time there was a message for spectators on the huge screen behind the artist. It displayed a number of anti-Trump pictures. And the pig became floating up in the air. It was possible to see a phrase “F...k Trump and his wall”. Roger Waters condemned a candidate from Republican party for presidential elections in the USA Donald Trump for his statements about other nations, his racist and sexist comments. On the other side of inflatable pig it could see the phrase “Arrogant, lying, racist, sexist”. On other pig it was written “Together We Stand / Divided We Fall”. Viewers saw on a screen Trump wore Ku Klux Klan hood and there could be possible to read word Charade. If someone didn't understand meaning for the first time, it was enough to watch at the screen once again and to see the phrase “Trump is a pig”.

1984–present: solo career

1984–1989: The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking and Radio K.A.O.S.

In 1984, Waters released his first solo album, The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking, which dealt with Waters's feelings about monogamy and family life versus "the call of the wild". The protagonist, Reg, finally chooses love and matrimony over promiscuity. The album featured guitarist Eric Clapton, jazz saxophonist David Sanborn, and artwork by Gerald Scarfe. Kurt Loder described The Pros And Cons of Hitch Hiking as a "strangely static, faintly hideous record". Rolling Stone rated the album a "rock bottom one star". Years later, Mike DeGagne of AllMusic praised its "ingenious symbolism" and "brilliant use of stream of consciousness within a subconscious realm", rating it four out of five stars.

Waters toured the album with Clapton, a new band, and new material; the shows included a selection of Pink Floyd songs. Waters débuted his tour in Stockholm on 16 June 1984. The tour drew poor ticket sales and some performances at larger venues were cancelled; Waters estimated that he lost £400,000 on the tour. In March 1985, Waters went to North America to play smaller venues with the Pros and Cons Plus Some Old Pink Floyd Stuff—North America Tour 1985. The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking has been certified Gold by the RIAA.

In 1986, Waters contributed songs and a score to the soundtrack of the animated film When the Wind Blows, based on the Raymond Briggs book of the same name. His backing band featuring Paul Carrack was credited as The Bleeding Heart Band. In 1987, Waters released Radio K.A.O.S., a concept album based on a mute man named Billy from an impoverished Welsh mining town who has the ability to physically tune into radio waves in his head. Billy learns to communicate with a radio DJ, and eventually to control the world's computers. Angry at the state of the world in which he lives, he simulates a nuclear attack. Waters followed the release with a supporting tour also in 1987.

1989–1999: The Wall – Live in Berlin and Amused to Death

In November 1989, the Berlin Wall fell, and in July 1990 Waters staged one of the largest and most elaborate rock concerts in history, The Wall – Live in Berlin, on the vacant terrain between Potsdamer Platz and the Brandenburg Gate. The show reported an attendance of 200,000, though some estimates are as much as twice that, with approximately one billion television viewers. Leonard Cheshire asked Waters to perform the concert to raise funds for charity. Waters's musicians included Joni Mitchell, Van Morrison, Cyndi Lauper, Bryan Adams, Scorpions, and Sinéad O'Connor. Waters also used an East German symphony orchestra and choir, a Soviet marching band, and a pair of helicopters from the US 7th Airborne Command and Control Squadron. Designed by Mark Fisher, the wall was 25 metres tall and 170 metres long and was built across the set, and Scarfe's inflatable puppets were recreated on an enlarged scale. Many rock icons received invitations to the show, though Gilmour, Mason, and Wright did not. Waters released a double album of the performance, which has been certified platinum by the RIAA.

In 1990, Waters hired manager Mark Fenwick and left EMI for a worldwide deal with Columbia. He released his third studio album, Amused to Death, in 1992. The record was influenced heavily by the events of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and the Gulf War, and a critique of the notion of war becoming the subject of entertainment, particularly on television. The title was derived from the book Amusing Ourselves to Death by Neil Postman. Patrick Leonard, who worked on A Momentary Lapse of Reason, co-produced the album. Jeff Beck played lead guitar on many of the album's tracks, which were recorded with a cast of musicians at ten different recording studios. It is Waters's most critically acclaimed solo recording, garnering comparison to his work with Pink Floyd. Waters described the record as a "stunning piece of work", ranking it alongside Dark Side of the Moon and The Wall as one of the best of his career. The song "What God Wants, Pt. 1" reached number 35 in the UK in September 1992 and number 5 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in the US. Amused to Death was certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry. Sales of Amused to Death topped out at around one million and there was no tour in support of the album. Waters would first perform material from it seven years later during his In the Flesh tour. In 1996, Waters was inducted into the US and UK Rock and Roll Halls of Fame as a member of Pink Floyd.

1999–2004: In the Flesh tour and Wall Broadway production

In 1999, after a 12-year hiatus from touring and a seven-year absence from the music industry, Waters embarked on the In the Flesh tour, performing both solo and Pink Floyd material. The tour was a financial success in the US; though Waters had booked mostly smaller venues, tickets sold so well that many of the concerts were upgraded to larger ones. The tour eventually stretched across the world and spanned three years. A concert film was released on CD and DVD, In the Flesh – Live. During the tour, Waters played two new songs "Flickering Flame" and "Each Small Candle" as the final encore to many of the shows. In June 2002, he completed the tour with a performance in front of 70,000 people at the Glastonbury Festival of Performing Arts, playing 15 Pink Floyd songs and five songs from his solo catalogue.

Miramax announced in 2004 that a production of The Wall was to appear on Broadway with Waters playing a prominent role in the creative direction. Reports stated that the musical contained not only the original tracks from The Wall, but also songs from Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here and other Pink Floyd albums, as well as new material. On the night of 1 May 2004, recorded extracts from the opera, including its overture, were played on the occasion of the Welcome Europe celebrations in the accession country of Malta. Gert Hof mixed recorded excerpts from the opera into a continuous piece of music which was played as an accompaniment to a large light and fireworks display over Grand Harbour in Valletta. In July 2004, Waters released two new tracks online: "To Kill the Child", inspired by the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and "Leaving Beirut", an anti-war song inspired by his travels in the Middle East as a teenager.

2005–2015: Pink Floyd reunion, Ça Ira, and further touring

In July 2005, Waters reunited with Mason, Wright, and Gilmour for their final performance together at the 2005 Live 8 concert in London's Hyde Park, Pink Floyd's only appearance with Waters since their final performance of The Wall at Earls Court London 24 years earlier. They played a 23-minute set consisting of "Speak to Me/Breathe"/"Breathe (Reprise)", "Money", "Wish You Were Here", and "Comfortably Numb". Waters told the Associated Press that while the experience of playing with Pink Floyd again was positive, the chances of a bona fide reunion would be "slight" considering his and Gilmour's continuing musical and ideological differences. Though Waters had differing ideas about which songs they should play, he "agreed to roll over for one night only". In November 2005, Pink Floyd were inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame by Pete Townshend of the Who.

In September 2005, Waters released Ça Ira (pronounced Template:IPA-fr, French for "it will be fine"; Waters added the subtitle, "There is Hope"), an opera in three acts translated from the late Étienne Roda-Gil's French libretto based on the historical subject of the French Revolution. Ça Ira was released as a double CD album, featuring baritone Bryn Terfel, soprano Ying Huang and tenor Paul Groves. Set during the early French Revolution, the original libretto was co-written in French by Roda-Gil and his wife Nadine Delahaye. Waters had begun rewriting the libretto in English in 1989, and said about the composition: "I've always been a big fan of Beethoven's choral music, Berlioz and Borodin ... This is unashamedly romantic and resides in that early 19th-century tradition, because that's where my tastes lie in classical and choral music." Waters appeared on television to discuss the opera, but the interviews often focused on his relationship with Pink Floyd, something Waters would "take in stride", a sign Pink Floyd biographer Mark Blake believes is "a testament to his mellower old age or twenty years of dedicated psychotherapy". Ça Ira reached number 5 on the Billboard Classical Music Chart in the United States.

In June 2006, Waters began the two-year Dark Side of the Moon Live world tour, that began in Europe in June and North America in September. The first half of the show featured both Pink Floyd songs and Waters's solo material; the second included a complete performance of The Dark Side of the Moon, the first time in more than three decades that Waters had performed it. The shows ended with an encore from the third side of The Wall. The elaborate staging, by concert lighting designer Marc Brickman, included laser lights, fog machines, pyrotechnics, psychedelic projections, and inflatable floating puppets (Spaceman and Pig) controlled by a "handler" dressed as a butcher, and a full 360-degree quadraphonic sound system. Mason joined Waters for the Dark Side of the Moon set and the encores on some 2006 performances. Waters continued touring in January 2007 in Australia and New Zealand, then Asia, Europe, South America, and back to North America in June.

In March 2007, the Waters song "Hello (I Love You)" featured in the science fiction film The Last Mimzy. Waters released it as a single, on CD and via download, and described it as "a song that captures the themes of the movie, the clash between humanity's best and worst instincts, and how a child's innocence can win the day". He performed at California's Coachella Festival in April 2008 and was to be among the headlining artists at Live Earth 2008 in Mumbai, India, in December 2008, but the concert was cancelled following the 26 November terrorist attacks in Mumbai. In April 2008, Waters discussed a possible new album with the tentative name Heartland.

2010–present: The Wall Live and Is This the Life We Really Want?

In June 2010, Waters released a cover of "We Shall Overcome", a protest song rewritten and arranged by Guy Carawan and Pete Seeger. He performed with Gilmour at the Hoping Foundation Benefit Evening in July 2010. The set comprised a cover of the Phil Spector song "To Know Him Is to Love Him", which was played in early Pink Floyd soundchecks, followed by "Wish You Were Here", "Comfortably Numb", and "Another Brick in the Wall (Part Two)".

In September 2010, Waters began the Wall Live tour, an updated version of the original Pink Floyd tour, featuring a complete performance of The Wall. Waters said the tour would likely be his last: "I'm not as young as I used to be. I'm not like B.B. King, or Muddy Waters. I'm not a great vocalist or a great instrumentalist or whatever, but I still have the fire in my belly, and I have something to say. I have a swan song in me and I think this will probably be it."

At the O2 Arena in London on 12 May 2011, Gilmour and Mason again performed with Waters on "Comfortably Numb", and "Outside the Wall". For the first half of 2012, the tour topped worldwide concert ticket sales, having sold more than 1.4 million tickets globally. By 2013, the Wall Live had become the highest-grossing tour by a solo artist. Waters performed at the Concert for Sandy Relief at Madison Square Garden on 12 December 2012. On 24 July 2015, he headlined the Newport Folk Festival in Newport, Rhode Island,accompanied by the band My Morning Jacket and two singers from the group Lucius. Waters performed at the Desert Trip festival in October 2016.

Waters released his first solo album in nearly 25 years, Is This the Life We Really Want?, on 2 June 2017. It was produced by Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich; he was critical of Waters's earlier solo work, and encouraged him to make a concise album showcasing his lyrics. Waters returned to North America in 2017 with the Us + Them Tour, performing his Pink Floyd and solo material.

On 26 October 2018, Sony Classical Masterworks released an adaptation of Igor Stravinsky's theatrical work The Soldier's Tale narrated by Waters. On 18 April 2019, Waters joined Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets on stage at the Beacon Theatre to sing "Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun". Waters was one of the ten highest-grossing concert acts of the decade.

Activism

Israeli-Palestinian conflict and cccusations of antisemitism

Waters first saw the Israeli West Bank barrier in 2006, at the request of Palestinian supporters, when he was scheduled to perform in Tel Aviv. After viewing the barrier, he moved his Tel Aviv concert to Neve Shalom, because he believed his presence in Tel Aviv would "inadvertently legitimise the oppression had seen". He described the barrier as "an appalling edifice to behold" which had turned Gaza into a "virtual prison". This experience convinced him that a cultural boycott of Israel was needed. He has spoken out against the West Bank barrier since then and in 2011 said:

The abhorrent and draconian control that Israel wields over the besieged Palestinians in Gaza and the Palestinians in the occupied West Bank (including East Jerusalem), coupled with its denial of the rights of refugees to return to their homes in Israel, demands that fair-minded people around the world support the Palestinians in their civil, nonviolent resistance.

In December 2009, Waters pledged his support to the Gaza Freedom March. In 2011, he announced that he had joined the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement and called on Israel to end the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories, remove the West Bank barrier, grant full equality and rights to Arab citizens of Israel and allow all Palestinian refugees to return to their homes. In a December 2013 interview with CounterPunch, Waters said that he is part of the BDS movement because he believed it was wrong "for an artist to go and play in a country that occupies other people's land and oppresses them the way Israel does". He said that many people pretended that the oppression of the Jews was not going on in the period 1933 to 1946. "So this is not a new scenario. Except that this time it's the Palestinian People being murdered". Abraham Foxman, director of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), accused Waters of antisemitism for comparing the Palestinian situation with the Holocaust.

In 2013, rabbi Abraham Cooper, associate dean of the Simon Wiesenthal Center, accused Waters of antisemitism for including a giant pig balloon with a Star of David on its back at one of his concerts. In response, Waters said: "I will continue my non-violent protests as long as the government of Israel continues with these policies... It is difficult to make arguments to defend the Israeli government's policies, so would-be defenders often use a diversionary tactic, they routinely drag the critic into a public arena and accuse them of being an antisemite". The ADL concluded that Waters was engaged in anti-Semitism after his "relentless attacks against Israel and calls for a boycott of the Jewish State." Foxman told the Times of Israel that anti-Semitic conspiracy theories have "seeped into the totality" of Waters' views.

On 2 October 2015, Waters published an open letter in Salon criticising Bon Jovi for performing in Tel Aviv, which led radio host Howard Stern to criticise Waters on his show. Waters also joined more than 50 prominent figures urging Radiohead to cancel a 2017 Tel Aviv performance. In October 2017, Waters was one of the signatories to an open letter addressed to Nick Cave asking him to cancel his scheduled concerts in Tel Aviv. Cave refused to cancel the concerts and responded to Waters with an open letter of his own.

In October 2016, Waters lost $4 million in sponsorship after American Express refused to fund his North America tour due to his "anti-Israel rhetoric" at a previous festival. In November 2016, Citibank joined American Express in cutting ties to Waters.

Waters narrated the 2016 documentary The Occupation of the American Mind: Israel's Public Relations War in the United States about the methods used by Israel to shape American public opinion. In June 2017, an organisation known as We Don't Need No Roger Waters started to boycott Waters for his support of BDS. Waters's concerts in Germany have been boycotted by Germany's organisation of public broadcasters ARD.

Waters took part in a panel discussion entitled "Israel, Free Speech, and the Battle for Palestinian Human Rights" at the University of Massachusetts Amherst on 4 May 2019. A group of students sought to stop the discussion through the courts on the grounds that it was antisemitic and they would "suffer irreparable harm" but a Superior Court judge ruled that the event could go ahead. Waters welcomed the court action as a way of publicising the Palestinian cause and said "criticism of the Israeli government's flouting of international law and abuses of human rights has nothing to do with the Jewish faith or Jewish people".

In February 2020, following the showing of advertisements for his This Is Not a Drill concert series on some Major League Baseball platforms, Jewish organisation B'nai B'rith criticised the league's decision to show the ads and sponsor the tour. The organisation wrote a letter to commissioner Rob Manfred in which it stated that Waters's views on Israel "far exceed the boundaries of civil discourse". Following the criticism, the MLB decided to stop promoting ads for Waters' tour on its platforms.

On 20 June 2020, during an interview with Shehab News Agency, Waters called Zionism an "ugly stain" that "needs to be gently removed by us". He also used what was called an anti-Semitic trope by describing Sheldon Adelson as a "puppet master pulling the strings of Donald Trump, Mike Pompeo, and ... the Ambassador ". In the interview with Shehab News Agency, Waters said Israel was indirectly responsible for the murder of George Floyd, because the Israeli Defense Forces taught US police officers the restriction technique of kneeling on necks to cut off the blood supply to the brain. Several publications described Waters comment about Adelson as antisemitic. On 25 June, Waters issued an apology by saying that when he referred to "Adelson’s support for the racist policies of both Trump and Netanyahu", he had used "words that evoked metaphorical imagery which ... were 'harmful to Jewish people and to the movement for Palestinian rights'". He said that his claim that Israel had introduced the kneeling-on-neck technique to US police was wrong. He reaffirmed his support for the BDS movement as a way of "peacefully resisting Israel’s racist system of apartheid and military occupation".

Other activism

After the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and subsequent tsunami disaster, Waters performed "Wish You Were Here" with Eric Clapton during a benefit concert on the American network NBC.

Waters was outspoken against the Hunting Act of 2004, and performed a concert for, and attended marches supporting, the Countryside Alliance. Waters explained that whether he supported hunting or not, it was important to defend it as a right. He left the UK soon afterwards. He clarified in October 2005 that he had not left the country in protest against the hunting legislation but for family reasons, and that he often returned to the UK.

After leaving Britain, Waters moved to Long Island in New York with his fiancé Laurie Durning. In June 2007, he became a spokesman for Millennium Promise, a non-profit organisation fighting poverty and malaria, and wrote an opinion piece for CNN in support of the topic. In July, he participated in the American leg of the Live Earth concert, an international multi-venue concert aimed at raising awareness about global climate change, featuring the Trenton Youth Choir and his trademarked inflatable pig. Waters told David Fricke why he thinks The Wall is still relevant today:

The loss of a father is the central prop on which stands. As the years go by, children lose their fathers again and again, for nothing. You see it now with all these fathers, good men and true, who lost their lives and limbs in Iraq for no reason at all. I've done "Bring The Boys Back Home" in my encore on recent tours. It feels more relevant and poignant to be singing that song now than it did in 1979.

Waters is supportive of veterans, which he partly attributes to the death of his father in World War II. He allocates a block of tickets for veterans at each of his shows. For a few years he performed with a group of wounded veterans that was arranged through the United States National Military Medical Center. In 2012, Waters led a benefit for United States military veterans called Stand Up for Heroes. He invited a music group of combat-wounded veterans called MusiCorps to perform with him.

In June 2013, Waters and numerous other celebrities appeared in a video showing support for Chelsea Manning.

Waters is an opponent of Brexit (the UK leaving the European Union). Following the June 2016 referendum which saw the British public vote to leave the EU, he said: "If I had voted, I would have voted obviously to stay in the European Union ... I thought we were better than that. I was wrong."

Waters has criticised US president Donald Trump and his policies. In 2017, Waters condemned Trump's plan to build a wall separating the US and Mexico, saying that the Pink Floyd album The Wall was "very relevant now with Mr. Trump and all of this talk of building walls and creating as much enmity as possible between races and religions".

Following the Douma chemical attack in Syria in April 2018, Waters described the White Helmets volunteer group that had first reported the attack as a "fake organisation" that created propaganda for "jihadists and terrorists". Jonathan Freedland in The Guardian wrote: "That claim, which has been repeatedly debunked, was instantly applauded and spread by the same crowd of pro-Russia voices on the far left and far right who have served so dutifully as Assad's online cheerleaders."

In 2018, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty reported that Waters had expressed support for Russia's annexation of Ukraine's Crimea Peninsula, causing a backlash in Ukraine. The Ukrainian website Myrotvorets (Peacemaker) said Waters had engaged in anti-Ukrainian propaganda and violated Ukraine's territorial integrity and put him on its unofficial blacklist.

In October 2018, Waters drew praise and criticism when he included Brazilian far-right then-presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro in a list of "neo-fascists" displayed on a big screen at his concert in São Paulo. In a concert in Rio de Janeiro later in October, Waters paid homage to murdered Brazilian councilwoman Marielle Franco and brought her daughter, sister and widow on stage during his performance.

In February 2019, Waters used his Twitter account to publicise an "emergency demonstration" at the US Mission to the United Nations in New York against US interference in Venezuela. He also alleged that the US was trying to destroy Venezuelan democracy so that "the 1% can plunder their oil". Twitter users, including the Venezuelan band La Vida Bohème, criticised him for supporting the Venezuelan government amid the presidential crisis, and claiming that Venezuela enjoyed "true democracy". Waters was critical of Richard Branson for organising the Venezuela Live Aid concert saying "it has nothing to do with the needs of the Venezuelan people, it has nothing to do with democracy, it has nothing to do with freedom, and it has nothing to do with aid".

On 2 September 2019, Waters spoke at a rally outside London's Home Office calling for the release of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, and dedicated a performance of "Wish You Were Here" to him. On 22 February 2020, Waters spoke at a rally in support of Assange outside parliament in London.

Waters is a supporter of Steven Donziger, an American lawyer embroiled in environmental litigation against Chevron corporation who has been described by 29 Nobel laureates as a victim of judicial harassment. Waters has helped cover some of Donziger's legal fees.

In November 2019, along with other public figures, Waters signed a letter supporting Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn describing him as "a beacon of hope in the struggle against emergent far-right nationalism, xenophobia and racism in much of the democratic world" and endorsed him in the 2019 UK general election. In December 2019, along with 42 other leading cultural figures, he signed a letter endorsing the Labour Party under Corbyn's leadership in the 2019 general election. The letter stated that "Labour's election manifesto under Jeremy Corbyn's leadership offers a transformative plan that prioritises the needs of people and the planet over private profit and the vested interests of a few."

In February 2020, Waters participated in a protest in London against the extradition of Julian Assange. While introducing the Indian poet and activist Aamir Aziz from the Jamia Milllia Islamia at the rally, Waters referred to the controversial Citizenship (Amendment) Act, describing it as "fascist" and "racist".

Equipment

Waters's primary instrument in Pink Floyd was the electric bass. He briefly played a Höfner bass but replaced it with a Rickenbacker RM-1999/4001S, until 1970 when it was stolen along with the rest of the band's equipment in New Orleans. He began using Fender Precision Basses in 1968, originally alongside the Rickenbacker 4001, and then exclusively after the Rickenbacker was lost in 1970. First seen at a concert in Hyde Park, London, in July 1970, the black P-Bass was rarely used until April 1972, when it became his main stage guitar. On 2 October 2010, it became the basis for a Fender Artist Signature model. Waters endorses RotoSound Jazz Bass 77 flat-wound strings. Throughout his career he has used Selmer, WEM, Hiwatt and Ashdown amplifiers but has used Ampeg for the last few tours. He has employed delay, tremolo, chorus, stereo panning and phaser effects in his bass playing.

Waters experimented with the EMS Synthi A and VCS 3 synthesisers on Pink Floyd pieces such as "On the Run", "Welcome to the Machine", and "In the Flesh?" He played electric and acoustic guitar on Pink Floyd tracks using Fender, Martin, Ovation and Washburn guitars. He played electric guitar on the Pink Floyd song "Sheep", from Animals, and acoustic guitar on several Pink Floyd recordings, such as "Pigs on the Wing 1 & 2", also from Animals, "Southampton Dock" from The Final Cut, and on "Mother" from The Wall. A Binson Echorec 2 echo effect was used on his bass lead track "One of These Days". Waters plays trumpet during concert performances of "Outside the Wall".

Personal life

In 1969, Waters married his childhood sweetheart Judith Trim, a potter; she was featured on the gatefold sleeve of the original release of Ummagumma, but excised from CD reissues. They had no children and divorced in 1975. Trim died in 2001.

In 1976, Waters married Lady Carolyne Christie, the niece of the 3rd Marquess of Zetland. They had a son, Harry Waters, a musician who has played keyboards with his father's touring band since 2002, and a daughter, India Waters, who has worked as a model. Christie and Waters divorced in 1992. In 1993, Waters married Priscilla Phillips; they had one son, Jack Fletcher. Their marriage ended in 2001. In 2004, Waters became engaged to actress and filmmaker Laurie Durning (born 1963); the two married on 14 January 2012 and filed for divorce in September 2015. Waters married Kamilah Chavis in October 2021.

Waters is an atheist.

Discography

Main albums

• The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking (1984)
• Radio K.A.O.S. (1987)
• Amused to Death (1992)
• Is This the Life We Really Want? (2017)

Other albums

• Music from The Body (1970)
• Ça Ira (2005)
• Pros and Cons (The interviews) (2015)
• Igor Stravinsky's The Soldier's Tale (2018)

Tours

• The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking (1984–1985)
• K.A.O.S. On the Road (1987)
• In the Flesh (1999–2002)
• The Dark Side of the Moon Live (2006–2008)
• The Wall Live (2010–2013)
• Us + Them Tour (2017–2018)
• This Is Not a Drill (2022)

Citations

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2. Thompson 2013, p. 7.
3. ^ Blake 2008, p. 13.
4. "No. 36253". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 November 1943. p. 5071.
5. Blake 2008, pp. 13–14
6. "WATERS, ERIC FLETCHER". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
7. "Wanted in Rome". 18 February 2014.
8. Manning 2006, pp. 5–6.
9. "Desert Island Discs, Roger Waters". BBC Radio 4. 29 May 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
10. Watkinson & Anderson 1991, pp. 15–18.
11. Mason 2005, pp. 12–13.
12. ^ Povey 2008, p. 13.
13. Watkinson & Anderson 1991, p. 23.
14. Blake 2008, pp. 14–19.
15. Povey 2008, p. 320.
16. Blake 2008, p. 36.
17. Blake 2008, p. 40: (secondary source); Mason 2005, p. 20: (primary source).
18. Manning 2006, p. 13: (secondary source); Mason 2005, p. 17: (primary source).
19. Mason 2005, pp. 17–18.
20. Mason 2005, pp. 13–18.
21. Mason 2005, p. 18: (primary source); Povey 2008, p. 14: (secondary source).
22. ^ Povey 2008, p. 14.
23. Povey 2008, pp. 18, 28.
24. Mason 2005, pp. 30–37: (primary source); Povey 2008, p. 32: (secondary source).
25. Mason 2005, p. 87.
26. ^ Mason 2005, pp. 87–107.
27. Blake 2008, p. 91.
28. Blake 2008, pp. 90–114.
29. Mason 2005, p. 129.
30. Mason 2005, p. 105.
31. Mason 2005, p. 106.
32. ^ Mason 2005, pp. 106–107, 160–161, 265, 278.
33. Epstein, Dan (1 March 2018). "Pink Floyd's 'Dark Side of the Moon': 10 Things You Didn't Know". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
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35. Titus, Christa; Waddell, Ray (2005). "Floyd's Dark Side Celebrates Chart Milestone". Billboard. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
36. Povey 2008, p. 345.
37. "Roger Waters discography". rogerwaters.com. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
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40. Blake 2008, p. 294.
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42. Blake 2008, p. 275.
43. Blake 2008, p. 260.
44. "RIAA GOLD & PLATINUM Top Albums". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
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47. Povey 2008, p. 230.
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49. Blake 2008, p. 295.
50. Mason 2005, pp. 264–270.
51. Blake 2008, p. 300: "art rock's crowning masterpiece"; Schaffner 1991, p. 262: "a superlative achievement".
52. Loder, Kurt (14 April 1983). "Pink Floyd: The Final Cut (Toshiba)". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
53. ^ Povey 2008, pp. 240–241.
54. Povey 2008, pp. 221, 237, 240–241, 246.
55. Blake 2008, pp. 312–313.
56. Manning 2006, pp. 139.
57. "Roger Waters Reminds Fans: 'I Am Not Part of Pink Floyd'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
58. Blake 2008, p. 395.
59. "Pink Floyd star Roger Waters regrets suing band". BBC News. 19 September 2013. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
60. pig – Definition and pronunciation | Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com
61. PRnewswire.com "Los Angeles Authorities Have Problem With Pig Flying Out of Hollywood Bowl". PR Newswire. 6 October 2006. Retrieved 2 November 2006. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
62. "Flying pig carries Hicks freedom message". ABC News Online. 10 February 2007. Retrieved 14 April 2007.
63. ^ http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-3469125 (in Spanish)
64. ^ http://www.elblablabla.com/article/l5207 Archived 10 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)
65. Visita | Flickr – Photo Sharing!
66. Fear | Flickr – Photo Sharing!
67. ¡Libre por Fin! | Flickr – Photo Sharing!
68. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wwwkIYSgvLA
69. Review and verifiable photo.
70. YouTube – Pig flying around to Pink Floyd's Sheep LIVE
71. Pig found in La Quinta country club
72. YouTube – Roger Waters' Pig Flies In Dallas 05.02.08
73. YouTube – Roger Waters' Pig Attacks and Flies Free in Dallas 05.02.08
74. YouTube – Pink Floyd – Roger Waters Pig Balloon Attacked
75. http://external.ak.fbcdn.net/safe_image.php?d=AQAjsKm5H6YTcWUp&url=http%3A%2F%2Fi3.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FVWalZm8Fj9U%2Fhqdefault.jpg
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79. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
80. , An Open Letter from Roger Waters, 1 August 2013.
81. Behind the Scenes of Roger Waters's Trump-Searing Desert Trip Set
82. http://ultimateclassicrock.com/roger-waters-the-who-desert-trip Roger Waters and the Who Close Out Desert Trip
83. Roger Waters delivers politically charged Desert Trip performance
84. ^ Schaffner 1991, pp. 272–273.
85. Blake 2008, pp. 305–306.
86. DeGagne, Mike. "The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking". AllMusic. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
87. Blake 2008, pp. 332–333.
88. Blake 2008, p. 309.
89. ^ "RIAA Certifications". Recording Industry Association of America. Archived from the original on 24 July 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2010.
90. Fitch 2005, p. 36.
91. Manning 2006, p. 131.
92. Povey & Russell 1997, pp. 246–247.
93. Blake 2008, p. 346.
94. Blake 2008, pp. 342–347.
95. Blake 2008, pp. 348–349.
96. Blake 2008, pp. 347–352.
97. Manning 2006, pp. 141, 252.
98. "Roger Waters: Billboard Singles". AllMusic. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
99. "BPI Certifications". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
100. Povey 2008, pp. 323–324.
101. "Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Pink Floyd". Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
102. ^ Povey 2008, pp. 329–334.
103. "Pink Floyd's Wall Broadway bound". BBC News. 5 August 2004. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
104. Povey 2008, p. 334.
105. ^ Blake 2008, p. 391.
106. Povey 2008, pp. 237, 266–267.
107. Schaffner 1991, p. 308.
108. Blake 2008, pp. 382–383.
109. Blake 2008, p. 386
110. Tsioulcas, Anastasia (27 August 2005). "Waters' New Concept". Billboard. p. 45. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
111. Povey 2008, pp. 324–325.
112. Manning 2006, p. 256.
113. ^ Blake 2008, p. 392.
114. "Roger Waters: Ça Ira". Billboard. 2 January 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
115. Povey 2008, pp. 319, 334–338.
116. "Reminder – Pink Floyd Rock Icon Roger Waters Records "Hello (I Love You)", an Original Song for New Line Cinema's "The Last Mimzy"". Marketwire. January 2007. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
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118. Michaels, Sean (1 December 2008). "Live Earth India cancelled after Mumbai attacks". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
119. Brown, Mark (25 April 2008). "Read the complete Roger Waters interview". Rocky Mountain News. Archived from the original on 29 April 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
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149. Waters, Roger (2 October 2015). "Roger Waters to Jon Bon Jovi: "You stand shoulder to shoulder with the settler who burned the baby"". Retrieved 31 October 2015.
150. Silman, Anna (7 October 2015). ""What is it you want, f**khead?": Howard Stern rants over Roger Waters' letter to Bon Jovi on Salon". Retrieved 31 October 2015.
151. "Read Roger Waters' Response to Thom Yorke Over Israel Controversy". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
152. "Open letter to Nick Cave: 'Don't go – not while apartheid remains.'". Artists for Palestine UK. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
153. ^ "German broadcasters drop Roger Waters over BDS stance". Al-Jazeera. 29 November 2017.
154. Blistein, Jon (11 December 2018). "Nick Cave Defends Israel Concert in Open Letter to Brian Eno". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
155. Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (11 December 2018). "Nick Cave: cultural boycott of Israel is 'cowardly and shameful'". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
156. Spiro, Amy (12 December 2018). "NICK CAVE: BOYCOTTING ISRAEL IS 'COWARDLY AND SHAMEFUL'". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
157. "Roger Waters Loses $4 Million Sponsorship Over 'anti-Israel Rhetoric'". Haaretz. 30 October 2016.
158. "Wish You Weren't Here: Citibank Joins American Express in Cutting Ties to Roger Waters". The Tower. 3 November 2016.
159. ""The Occupation of the American Mind": Documentary Looks at Israel's PR War in the United States". Democracy Now. 14 September 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
160. "Occupation of the American Mind". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
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162. "Judge Declines to Block Pro-Palestinian Panel at UMass". AP. 2 May 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
163. "Roger Waters on Palestine: "You Have to Stand Up for People's Human Rights All Over the World"". Democracy Now. 3 May 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
164. Kreps, Daniel (8 February 2020). "Major League Baseball Halts Roger Waters Ads After Advocacy Group's Criticism". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
165. "MLB cancels promotion of Roger Waters' tour due to BDS support". The Jerusalem Post. The Jerusalem Post Group. 9 February 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
166. "Musician Roger Waters On Hamas-Affiliated News Agency: Crazy Puppet Master Adelson Has Donald Trump's Tiny Little Prick In His Pocket; Israelis Teach U.S. Police How To Murder Blacks". MEMRI. 20 June 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
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170. Strimpel, Zoe (28 June 2020). "In calling out the anti-Semitic elements of a mass movement, I invited spitting derision". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
171. Ryvchin, Alex (30 June 2020). "Newsweek: How Blindness to Anti-Semitism Threatens Parties and Movements". Newsweek.
172. "Roger Waters indirectly blames Israel for the death of George Floyd". Far Out Magazine. 25 June 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
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176. Blake 2008, pp. 391–392.
177. Waters, Roger (11 June 2007). "Waters: Something can be done about extreme poverty". CNN. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
178. Fricke 2009, p. 74.
179. "Roger Waters on veterans, touring and his new, solo album". AP NEWS. AP. 2 June 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
180. Carucci, John (9 November 2012). "Roger Waters & Veterans Perform Together At Stand Up for Heroes Benefit". Huffington Post. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
181. Gavin, Patrick (19 June 2013). "Celeb video: 'I am Bradley Manning'". Politico.
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183. "Pink Floyd's Roger Waters considers performing "The Wall" on US-Mexico border". Euronews. 16 February 2017.
184. "Roger Waters speculates performing 'The Wall' at US-Mexico border". Dhaka Tribune. 23 February 2017.
185. Frantzman, Seth J. (15 April 2018). "Roger Waters Slams Syria Intervention, Attacks 'white Helmets' As 'fake'". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
186. Freedland, Jonathan (20 April 2018). "The great divide of our times is not left v right, but true v false". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
187. "Pink Floyd's Roger Waters Backs Russian Takeover Of Crimea, Causing Backlash". rferl.org. 30 August 2018.
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190. "Para parar el "Golpe de Trump" Roger Waters convocó a marchar en apoyo a Nicolás Maduro y le llovieron las críticas". Clarín (Argentine newspaper). 4 February 2019.
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192. Greene, Andy (3 September 2019). "Watch Roger Waters Sing 'Wish You Were Here' at Julian Assange Rally". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
193. "Marchers support Assange ahead of London extradition hearing". AP NEWS. AP. 22 February 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
194. Weyler, Rex (2020). "How did a lawyer who took on big oil and won end up under house arrest?". Mother Jones. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
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203. Mason 2005, p. 169.
204. Fitch 2005, p. 324.
205. Fitch & Mahon 2006, p. 71.
206. Fitch 2005, p. 285.
207. Fitch 2005, pp. 241–242.
208. Fitch 2005, p. 295.
209. Fitch 2005, p. 213.
210. Mabbett 1995, p. 39.
211. Fitch 2005, p. 232.
212. Mabbett 2010, p. 50.
213. ^ Fitch 2005, p. 335.
214. Blake 2008, p. 376.
215. Blake 2008, p. 258: India Waters; Povey 2008, pp. 335–339: Harry has performed with Waters since 2006.
216. Blake 2008, p. 348; Thompson 2013, p. 109: Jack Fletcher.
217. Marsh, Julia (18 December 2015). "Roger Waters' estranged wife just wants her Rolex back". Page Six. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
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221. Roger Waters – Freedom From Religion Foundation
222. Roger Waters Weighs In On Politics, Religion, & Money | On The Table Ep. 5 Full | Reserve Channel

Sources

• Blake, Mark (2008). Comfortably Numb: The Inside Story of Pink Floyd (1st US paperback ed.). Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81752-6.
• Fitch, Vernon (2005). The Pink Floyd Encyclopedia (Third ed.). Collector's Guide Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-1-894959-24-7.
• Fitch, Vernon; Mahon, Richard (2006). Comfortably Numb: A History of "The Wall" – Pink Floyd 1978–1981 (1st ed.). PFA Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-0-9777366-0-7.
• Fricke, David (December 2009). "Roger Waters: Welcome to My Nightmare ... Behind The Wall". Mojo. 193: 68–84.
• Mabbett, Andy (1995). The Complete Guide to the Music of Pink Floyd (1st UK paperback ed.). Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-7119-4301-8.
• Mabbett, Andy (2010). Pink Floyd – The Music and the Mystery (1st UK paperback ed.). Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-1-84938-370-7.
• Manning, Toby (2006). The Rough Guide to Pink Floyd (1st US paperback ed.). Rough Guides Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84353-575-1.
• Mason, Nick (2005). Inside Out: A Personal History of Pink Floyd (1st US paperback ed.). Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-0-8118-4824-4.
• Povey, Glen (2008). Echoes: The Complete History of Pink Floyd (2nd UK paperback ed.). 3C Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0-9554624-1-2.
• Povey, Glen; Russell, Ian (1997). Pink Floyd: In the Flesh: The Complete Performance History (1st US paperback ed.). St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-9554624-0-5.
• Schaffner, Nicholas (1991). Saucerful of Secrets: the Pink Floyd Odyssey (1st US paperback ed.). Dell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-385-30684-3.
• Thompson, Dave (2013). Roger Waters: The Man Behind the Wall. Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-1-61713-564-4.
• Watkinson, Mike; Anderson, Pete (1991). Crazy Diamond: Syd Barrett & the Dawn of Pink Floyd (1st UK paperback ed.). Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-1-84609-739-3.

Further reading

• Di Perna, Alan (2002). Guitar World Presents Pink Floyd. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 978-0-634-03286-8.
• Fitch, Vernon (2001). Pink Floyd: The Press Reports 1966–1983. Collector's Guide Publishing Inc. ISBN 978-1-896522-72-2.
• Harris, John (2005). The Dark Side of the Moon: The Making of the Pink Floyd Masterpiece. Da Capo. ISBN 978-0-306-81342-9.
• Hiatt, Brian (September 2010). "Back to The Wall". Rolling Stone. Vol. 1114. pp. 50–57.
• MacDonald, Bruno (1997). Pink Floyd: through the eyes of ... the band, its fans, friends, and foes. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80780-0.
• Mabbett, Andy; Mabbett, Miles (1994). Pink Floyd: The Visual Documentary. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-7119-1444-5.
• Scarfe, Gerald (2010). The Making of Pink Floyd: The Wall (1st US paperback ed.). Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81997-1.
• Simmons, Sylvie (December 1999). "Pink Floyd: The Making of The Wall". Mojo. 73: 76–95.

External links

• Official website
• Roger Waters at IMDb 
• Roger Waters tour dates at Songkick
• Media related to Roger Waters at Wikimedia Commons
• Quotations related to Roger Waters at Wikiquote

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