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Ganja, Azerbaijan

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Revision as of 12:20, 20 April 2007 by Aynabend (talk | contribs) (Reverting to annon user is not correct, especially when no source is provided)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) For other uses, see Ganja, Azerbaijan (disambiguation).
For the city in Tajikistan, see Panj.
Ganja

Municipality: Ganja
Area: 1000 km²
Altitude: 408 m
Population: 305,600 census 2006
Postal Code: AZ1000
Area code: 016
Municipality code: GA
Latitude: 40° 40' 58 N
Longitude: 46° 21' 38 E
Mayor: Eldar Azizov

Ganja IPA: [gæn'ʤæ] (Azerbaijani: Gəncə, Persian: گنجه/Ganj-ja) is Azerbaijan's second largest city.

The city was most likely founded in the 5th century AD,. "Ganja" comes from the New Persian ganj (گنج: "treasure, treasury"), which itself from the Middle Persian Ganjak of the same meaning.

History

Historically an important city of Caucasian Albania and Arran region, Ganja was part of Sassanid empire, Great Seljuk Empire, Atabegs of Azerbaijan, Il-Khans , Timurids , Jalayirids, Qara Qoyunlu, Ak Koyunlu, and the Ganja Khanate, Ganja is also the birthplace of the famous poet Nizami. People of Ganja experienced a temporary cultural decline after an earthquake in 1139 and then again after the Mongol invasion in 1231. The city was revived after the Safavids came to power. For a short period of time, Ganja was renamed Abbasabad by Shah Abbas I. During the Safavid rule, it was the capital of the Karabakh (Ganja) beylerbey, one of the four such administrative units and principalities. In 1747, Ganja became the capital of the independent Ganja Khanate. According to the October 1813 Gulistan Treaty, Ganja khanate and city, together with most of Azerbaijan and Georgia, was recognized as part of Russian Empire after Persia's defeat in the Persia-Russia wars. It was renamed Elizavetpol after the wife of Alexander I of Russia, Elizabeth.

In 1918, Ganja became the temporary capital of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, at which point it was renamed Ganja again, until Baku was recaptured from the British backed Centrocaspian Dictatorship. In 1920, the Red Army occupied Azerbaijan and in 1935 Joseph Stalin renamed the city Kirovabad after Sergei Kirov. In 1991, Azerbaijan re-established its independence, and the ancient name of the city was given back.

Today Ganja is the second largest city in Azerbaijan. According to the official government data, at the beginning of 2006, the population of Ganja was 305,600. It has an international airport, and is home to the Nizami Mausoleum, re-built in 1991.

Education

Ganja is home to four major institutes for post-secondary education.

Famous People

Ganja is known for its famous people:

Pictures of Ganja

References

  1. Encyclopedia Iranica, "Ganja", C. Edmund Bosworth
  2. ibid., Iranica
  3. Iran. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 17, 2007
  4. Timurid Dynasty. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 16, 2007
  5. Jalayirid. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 17, 2007
  6. Kara Koyunlu. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 15, 2007
  7. Ak Koyunlu. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 17, 2007
  8. Seyyaf Sednik oqli Pashayev. "The Monuments of Ganja Khanate of the Period form 1606 - 1804". Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  9. "Beglerbeg" in Cyclopædia dictionary, (ed. Ephraim Chambers), First Volume, London: Printed for J. and J. Knapton (and 18 others), 1728, p. 95 (accessed March 17, 2007)
  10. I.Petrushevskiy. Ocherki po istorii feodal'nikh otnosheniy d Azerbaijane i Armenii v XVI - nach. XIX vv., Leningrad, 1949, p. 122, in Russian
  11. John F. Baddeley, "The Russian conquest of the Caucasus", London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1908, p. 67, citing "Tsitsianoff's report to the Emperor: Akti, ix (supplement), p. 920".
  12. The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan, "Population by economic regions at the beginning of the 2006"
  13. Census table for Azerbaijani cities

External links

Template:Azerbaijan

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