Misplaced Pages

Obznana

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Vanjagenije (talk | contribs) at 15:01, 7 December 2024. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Revision as of 15:01, 7 December 2024 by Vanjagenije (talk | contribs)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)

Copy of Obznana

The Obznana (Cyrillic: Обзнана; Serbo-Croatian for "Proclamation") was a government's decree that was issued on 29 December 1920 in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia), which outlawed the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) and any kind communist activity. It also stipulated that any person accused of "bolshevik propaganda" should be fired from public job. The Obznana was not adopted by the parliament, nor signed by the King, as was usual; instead, it was authored by the Minister of the Interior Milorad Drašković and signed by government ministers including the prime minister Milenko Vesnić. It was not published in the official gazette, but was printed as a poster and pasted on the streets, and thus did not have an official character.

Although the Obznana was not an official document, but an unofficial proclamation, it marked the begging of the persecution of communists in Yugoslavia, which culminated with the August 1921 adoption of the Law on the Protection of the State. The Law proscribed heavy prison sentence for any kind of communist propaganda. It came after the 1920 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Constitutional Assembly election. Soon, the whole leadership of the CPY was arrested and sentenced to long prison sentences. Drašković was assassinated by communists in July 1921.

Background (December 1918 - December 1920)

After the formation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (December 1918), the new state was nominally ruled by the democratic institutions, with the Temporary National Parliament as a legislature. In realty, the executive (Council of ministers), dominated by the People's Radical Party, ruled by decree with little input from the Parliament. The most notable example was the Interim Decree on the Preparation of the Agrarian Reform (February 1919).

Socialist movement was already existing on the territory of the new kingdom from the pre-World War I period. In what was then Austria-Hungary, the Social Democratic Party of Croatia and Slavonia (SDPCS) came into existence in 1894, two years before the Yugoslav Social-Democratic Party (Jugoslovanska socialdemokratska stranka, JSDS) was set up in Slovene lands. The Serbian Social Democratic Party (SSDP) was founded in 1903. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SDPBH) was established in 1909. The Unification congress of the Socialist Labor Party of Yugoslavia (Communists) was held in Belgrade on 20–23 April 1919 as consolidation on the left of the political spectrum. Clashes continued within the party between leftists and centrists – the latter favoring pursuit of reforms through a parliamentary system. The leftist faction prevailed at the second congress held in Vukovar on 20–24 June 1920 and adopted a new statute. That aligned the party entirely with the Communist International (Comintern), implementing all instructions received from the Comintern. Furthermore, the party was renamed the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY). Filip Filipović and Sima Marković, both former SSDP activists, were elected to lead the CPY. By May 1920, the CPY had about 50,000 members, and numerous sympathizers largely drawn from among 300,000 members of trade unions and youth organizations.

In the 1920 Constitutional Assembly election, the CPY won 58 out of 419 seats. The best results were achieved in large cities, in Montenegro and Macedonia. In light of difficult economic and social circumstances, the regime viewed the CPY as the main threat to the system of government. In response to the CPY's electoral success at the local and regional level including Belgrade and Zagreb earlier that year in March–August, and at the national level the Democratic Party and the People's Radical Party advocated prohibition of communist activity.

The CPY organized several large-scale protests and worker strikes. The most notable of these were the protest against international intervention in Russia and Hungary (21-22 July 1919) and the railroad workers' strike (April 1919) in shich 50,000 strikers participated and to which the regime responded by militarizing the railroads. The regime saw the CPY as a branch office of Bolsheviks who destroyed the Russian Empire, the historical ally of the Serbs.

Content of the decree

Reaction

Aftermath

See also

References

  1. Jovanović, Slobodan (1 April 1921). "Нестајање закона". Srpski književni glasnik. 2 (7): 513.
  2. "Zakon o zaštiti države". Croatian Encyclopedia (in Croatian). Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. 2013–2024. Retrieved 7 December 2024.
  3. Vucinich, Wayne S. (2023). Contemporary Yugoslavia. University of California Press (published April 28, 2023). p. 12. ISBN 9780520331112.
  4. Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Prpa, Branka (23 December 2020). "Put u diktaturu". Vreme (in Serbian). Retrieved 2024-12-07.
  6. Štiks 2015, pp. 41. sfn error: no target: CITEREFŠtiks2015 (help)
  7. Engelsfeld 1972, p. 184. sfn error: no target: CITEREFEngelsfeld1972 (help)
  8. Engelsfeld 1972, p. 187. sfn error: no target: CITEREFEngelsfeld1972 (help)
  9. Banac 1988, pp. 46–48. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBanac1988 (help)
  10. Tomasevich 2001, p. 13. sfn error: no target: CITEREFTomasevich2001 (help)
  11. Banac 1984, p. 338. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBanac1984 (help)
  12. ^ Calic, Marie-Janine (2019). A History of Yugoslavia. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-55753-838-3.
  13. Banac 1988, pp. 50–51. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBanac1988 (help)
  14. Banac 1984, pp. 394–395. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBanac1984 (help)
  15. ^ Lampe 2000, pp. 122–125. sfn error: no target: CITEREFLampe2000 (help)
  16. Tomasevich 2001, p. 16. sfn error: no target: CITEREFTomasevich2001 (help)
  17. ^ Perović, Latinka (2015). "The Kingdom of Serbians, Croatians and Slovenians (1918–1929) / the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1941): Emergence, Duration and End". www.yuhistorija.com. Retrieved 2024-12-07.

External links

Categories: