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Revision as of 12:59, 9 January 2025 by YuniToumei (talk | contribs) (add relevant summarized info from operations section to lead)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) Railway tunnel in Switzerland.jpg) "Swiss-Express" train leaving the Albis Tunnel as seen from Sihlbrugg railway station | |
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Official name | German: Albistunnel |
| Line | Thalwil–Arth-Goldau railway |
| Location | Zurich and Zug, Switzerland |
| Coordinates | 47°13′30″N 8°33′29″E / 47.2250°N 8.5580°E / 47.2250; 8.5580 |
| Status | Active |
| System | Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) |
| Crosses | Albis |
| Start | Near Sihlbrugg railway station |
| End | Litti near Baar |
| Operation | |
| Constructed | December 1891 – August 1894 |
| Opened | June 1, 1897 (1897-06-01) |
| Owner | SBB |
| Operator | SBB |
| Traffic | Train |
| Character | Passenger and freight |
| Technical | |
| Design engineer | Franz Vital Lusser |
| Length | 3,360 metres (11,020 ft) |
| No. of tracks | Single |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) |
| Electrified | 15 kV/16.7 Hz AC |
| Grade | 12‰ |
| Route map | |
The Albis Tunnel is a railway tunnel in the Canton of Zug and the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland which opened in 1897. It crosses the Albis and connects Sihlbrugg railway station to Litti near Baar. At a length of 3,360 metres (11,020 ft), it was the second longest railway tunnel of Switzerland at the time of its opening. As it is only single-track, it has been described as a bottleneck of railway traffic.
History
Planning
In the context of the construction of the Gotthard railway and the Lake Zurich left-bank railway line by the Swiss Northeastern Railway (NOB) in the 1870s, there was a desire to connect the two lines with a branch running from Thalwil to Zug, which would later become the Thalwil–Arth-Goldau railway line. This would require trains to pass through the range of hills separating the Sihl valley and the coastline of Lake Zurich, so originally after the line would have passed through a planned tunnel of a length of 1,250 m (4,100 ft), branching off above Oberrieden leading to the Sihl valley (a precursor of the Zimmerbergtunnel constructed later), it would have followed the valley to Zug in the open. However, this project was put on hold due to the NOB railway crisis, and only in 1890, after the Federal Assembly had made the definite decision to construct a line Thalwil–Baar–Zug, the NOB returned to planning the connecting branch, and selected a tunnel through the Albis as the better option against a proposed open line through Walterswil near Baar. Since both the Sihltal railway line and a proposed (but later failed) line coming from St. Gallen were planning to connect to Zug through the same tunnel, there were demands to build the Albis tunnel as double-track, which was opposed by the NOB and ultimately rejected by the Federal Council in favour of a certain and timely execution.
Construction
From December 1891 to February 1892, the NOB began the construction of the tunnel under piecework, and around the same time, published the second invitation to tender for an "Albis Tunnel of 3400 m of length" with a proposed tender of roughly 3.5 million Swiss Franc. In early 1892, the contract was given to the company Franz Lusser & Cie., which resumed work on the tunnel in April of the same year. Engineer Franz Vital Lusser had founded this company and amassed enough money for the security deposit required by the contract, which he had failed to procure when the NOB published the first invitation to tender in 1891. As an engineer, he had already been involved with the construction of the Gotthard Tunnel under Louis Favre. Under him, the construction of the tunnel, executed from both ends, was able to progress at an average rate of 3 meters per day. Breakthrough of the pilot tunnel was achieved on 8 May 1894 with an "official breakthrough" celebrated on 15 May 1894. At convergence of the two sections built from either site, there was a deviation of 4–5 centimeters. Construction of the walling was finished in August of the same year, leaving the overall construction of the Albis Tunnel, which was orignially thought to be the most time-consuming part of the line Thalwil-Zug, finished one year earlier than planned. The tunnel opened to traffic along with the rest of the Thalwil–Zug line on 1 June 1897 and at that time, at a length of 3,360 m (11,020 ft), it was the second longest tunnel of Switzerland.
Operations
The Albis Tunnel constitutes a single-track section on the Thalwil-Zug relation used by both local and inter-regional trains and has been described as a bottleneck of Swiss railway traffic as it prevents an expansion of traffic capacity. This impacts routes leading into Central Switzerland, such as routes to Lucerne, as well as routes to Ticino in southern Switzerland. Although propositions for the construction of a second tunnel parallel to the Albis Tunnels had been made, they were dropped in favour of the planned Phase 2 of the Zimmerberg Base Tunnel (ZBT2), part of the Swiss railroad project STEP 2035, which would connect Thalwil directly to Baar.
Notes
- ^ The length given for this tunnel varies by source between 3358 m, 3359 m, and 3360 m. This article uses the length given by SBB.
References
- ^ Schweers, Hans (2012). Eisenbahnatlas Schweiz (in German) (2nd ed.). Cologne: Schweers + Wall. pp. 12–13. ISBN 9783894941307.
- ^ Stuber, Martin (2023). "Baar und Steinhausen: Lieber spät als nie". Lebensadern: Zuger Eisenbahngeschichte(n) (in German). Schwyz: Triner Media + Print. pp. 65–96. ISBN 9783033102491.
- Vierzigster Geschäftsbericht der Direktion der Schweizerischen Nordostbahngesellschaft an die Generalversammlung der Aktionäre umfassend das Jahr 1892 (Report). Vol. 40. 1893. pp. 3–11. doi:10.5169/seals-730413.
- ^ Weber, Robert (1894-08-28). "Médailles suisses : frappées en 1893 et 1894". Société Suisse de Numismatique. 4: 217. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
- ^ Züblin, Emil (1898). "Mitteilungen über den Bau der Linien Schaffhausen-Eglisau und Thalweil-Zug: Vortrag". Schweizerische Bauzeitung. 32 (3): 22–24. doi:10.5169/seals-20781.
- "Bauausschreibung". Schweizerische Bauzeitung. 18 (24). A. Waldner. 1891. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
- ^ Stuber, Martin (2023). "Zuger Spezialitäten – "Stadtbahn", Kollermühle, F. V. Lusser: Die Stadtbahn gab es schon 1902". Lebensadern: Zuger Eisenbahngeschichte(n) (in German). Schwyz: Triner Media + Print. pp. 161–192. ISBN 9783033102491.
- Gisler-Jauch, Rolf. "Franz Vital Lusser". Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz. Schweizerische Akademie der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
- R., M. (1927). "Lusser, Franz Vital". Schweizerische Bauzeitung. 90 (18): 236–237. ISSN 0036-7524. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
- Mathys, Ernst (1955). Männer der Schiene (2nd ed.). Bern: Kümmerly & Frey. pp. 72–74. OCLC 312224581.
- Zweiundvierzigster Geschäftsbericht der Direktion der Schweizerischen Nordostbahngesellschaft an die Generalversammlung der Aktionäre umfassend das Jahr 1894 (Report). Vol. 42. 1895. pp. 84–86. doi:10.5169/seals-730496.
- Einundvierzigster Geschäftsbericht der Direktion der Schweizerischen Nordostbahngesellschaft an die Generalversammlung der Aktionäre umfassend das Jahr 1893 (Report). Vol. 41. 1894. pp. 94–95. doi:10.5169/seals-730463.
- Odermatt, Franz (1940). Land und Volk der Urschweiz. Stans. pp. 248–251. OCLC 1271108674.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Tunnels". data.sbb.ch. SBB Infrastruktur. 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
- ^ Wägli, Hans G.; Jacobi, Sébastien (2010). Schienennetz Schweiz / Réseau ferré suisse (in German and French) (3rd ed.). Zurich: AS-Verlag. p. 151. ISBN 9783909111749.
- Spitteler, Carl (1897). Der Gotthard. Verlag von J. Huber. p. 25. Retrieved 4 January 2025.
- Bruder, Hans (1945). "Zürcher Chronik : vom 1. Juli 1943 bis 30. Juni 1944". Zürcher Taschenbuch (in German). Zürich: Gesellschaft zürcherischer Geschichtsfreunde. p. 242. Retrieved 4 January 2025.
- ^ Kälin, Adi (24 March 2022). "Zimmerberg-Basistunnel: Viertlängster Bahntunnel der Schweiz". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in Swiss High German). NZZ Mediengruppe. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
- "3 Kapazitätssteigerung Zug–Thalwil". zg.ch (in Swiss High German). Staatskanzlei des Kantons Zug. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
- ^ "Zimmerberg-Basistunnel 2 | SBB". sbb.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Railways. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
- Hotz, Stefan (4 February 2011). "Umstrittener Bahnausbau zwischen Zürich und Zug". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in Swiss High German). NZZ Mediengruppe. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
- Gilb, Christopher (31 January 2019). "Zimmerberg-Basistunnel: Politik und Wirtschaft fordern schnelle Umsetzung". Zuger Zeitung (in German). CH Media. Retrieved 8 January 2025.