This is an old revision of this page, as edited by TexasAndroid (talk | contribs) at 12:56, 24 July 2007 (rv fansite link). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.
Revision as of 12:56, 24 July 2007 by TexasAndroid (talk | contribs) (rv fansite link)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) 2004 video gameCity of Heroes | |
---|---|
Developer(s) | Cryptic Studios |
Publisher(s) | NCsoft Level Up! Games Interactive Brazil |
Platform(s) | Windows |
Release | 2004 |
Genre(s) | MMORPG |
Mode(s) | Multiplayer |
City of Heroes (CoH) is a massively multiplayer online role-playing computer game based on the superhero comic book genre, developed by Cryptic Studios and published by NCsoft. The game was launched in North America on April 28, 2004 and in Europe (by NCsoft Europe) on 4 February 2005 with English, German and French language servers. A Korean open beta of City of Heroes, entitled City of Hero (시티 오브 히어로), was launched on January 18, 2006. On October 31, 2005 the game's first sequel, City of Villains, was launched, allowing users to play as supervillains. Nine free major updates (Issues) for City of Heroes have been released since its launch, the latest of which, Issue 9, on May 1, 2007.
In the game, players create superhero player characters that can team up with others to complete missions and fight villains belonging to various gangs and organizations in Paragon City and its surrounding areas.
Overview
Players begin by using the game's extensive character creation system to select an archetype and Power Sets, design a unique costume, and write a back story for their hero.
They may start their adventure in a tutorial zone known as "Outbreak" that teaches them how to play the game. It is here they learn about the level system and how to determine which enemies to attack. Players may choose to skip this tutorial if they like and head straight to one of two starting areas (Atlas Park and Galaxy City).
As a hero's security level increases by earning experience points from missions and by defeating foes, they gain benefits such as more health, more powers, more slots for holding temporary power-ups called Inspirations, and more enhancement slots for powers. Enhancements are power-ups which players can socket onto powers to improve them on more permanent terms.
Paragon City, the city in which the game takes place, is divided into different zones by giant energy walls known as "war walls". In story terms, the walls are used to prevent large scale attacks upon the city and to prevent high level enemies from entering low level areas. Zones are usually connected by road tunnels, but transportation such as the monorail, ferries and helicopters is also provided. Especially dangerous zones called hazard or trial zones, which teem with large groups of enemies, are connected by passages in the war walls guarded by the police and access is restricted to heroes with a minimum security level.
Players initially move around the zones by slowly jogging, sprinting, or sliding by using the Prestige Power Slide power (available to owners of the special edition of the game). As heroes grow in level and accumulate more powers, they gain the ability to choose one of four traveling powers: teleportation, super speed, super jumping, and flight, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. While each archetype has its own unique set of powers and abilities, all players have access to the powers from the ten Power Pools at level six. The Power Pools contain the aforementioned travel powers, as well as other generic, non-class specific powers such as Grant Invisibility, Provoke, Recall Friend, and Boxing.
There are a variety of different villain organizations and gangs in City of Heroes, each with unique attributes. Groups of villains, all from the same gang and usually all with similar security levels, roam around areas of Paragon City. Certain gangs are more likely to appear in different zones. For instance, Circle of Thorns (a magic using villain group) members can always be found in the hazard zone of Perez Park.
Missions — the City of Heroes equivalent of the quests typically found in other MMORPGs — are given by non-player character (NPC) contacts and consist of either a "hunt" mission, where heroes are given the task of arresting a certain number of villains from one of the villain groups, or a private "instanced" mission map created solely for the player's team which is inhabited by a particular gang. When heroes reach approximately level 20, they begin to receive outdoor instanced missions set in fenced-off areas as well. As heroes venture further into the mission zone, they usually have to confront a Boss villain, rescue hostages, or find a particular clue. Upon completion, heroes will be rewarded with an XP bonus, influence and occasionally a badge. Some missions may be completed at the hero's leisure, but others will have a set time limit which begins counting down as soon as the mission is accepted from the contact. It is usually possible to tell, by reading its description, whether a mission is timed before accepting it.
Heroes can venture into mission maps together if they form a team and choose a particular mission as the team's objective. The difficulty level and number of the villains is adjusted according to the strength and number of the heroes grouped together. Since the release of the Issue 3 content update 'A Council of War', the player is now able to set the difficulty of the missions by visiting a special NPC, the Hero Corps Field Analyst.
Amid the missions, story arcs will emerge. These are a series of missions which form a larger story, often giving the player new insights into the history and mythos of Paragon City. Sometimes, these story arcs affect the player hero directly as well. Once a story arc is completed, the hero is rewarded with experience points, enhancements and for some story arcs, a badge.
For players who can devote a block of several hours to the game, two other types of missions with deeper storylines are available—the Task Force and the Trial. Task Forces always require a team, and consist of a series of linked missions that must be run to completion by that same team before its members may take on any additional missions. Once a Task Force has been started additional players will not be able to join the team. If a Task Force member voluntarily leaves the team while the Task Force is in progress, he is unable to rejoin it. In the case somebody is involuntarily disconnected, then he will return to the Task Force when connected. Trials are similar to Task Forces but are usually shorter and more challenging; some share the team restrictions of a Task Force but others are taken as individual missions, though teams are still practically required. Upon completion, both Task Forces and Trials usually (but not always) provide all participants with a badge as well as a reward—either a Single-Origin or a special enhancement. Several specially-designated Trials reward players with an opportunity to "respecify" their characters by choosing a different complement of superpowers or reassigning enhancements.
Teamwork is a large part of City of Heroes. Players can form Supergroups (similar to other MMORPGs' guilds) reminiscent of classic comic book groups such as the X-Men or Justice League of America. Supergroups pick a name, a motto, an emblem and two colors. Heroes can then enter 'Supergroup Mode' and change the colors and emblem of their normal avatar to those of their Supergroup. Players can also form teams with other players to go on missions and fight villains together.
Character creation
Main article: Character creation in City of Heroes and City of VillainsCreating a character consists of several steps. First the player selects an Origin, an Archetype and a primary and secondary power set. Next the actual avatar with its costume is created. Lastly, the player chooses a name and can optionally write a background story to add some flavor to the character as well as creating an individual battle cry.
There are five Origins a player can choose for his/her character that dictate what type of enhancements the character may use, affect a single short-ranged power and can influence the various villain groups that the character goes up against; these origins are Natural, Magic, Science, Mutation, and Technology.
There are also five basic Archetypes (or classes) in City of Heroes that affect a character's Power choices throughout the game. Blasters are primarily long-ranged damage dealers. Controllers have powers that allow them to prevent their foe from moving and attacking. Defenders complement others by providing a wide range of healing and defensive powers for other characters. Scrappers are melee fighters, dealing damage quick and close-ranged. Tankers' best offense is their great defenses and ability to take as much damage as they put out.
City of Heroes also has two "Epic Archetypes" which are designed to be more challenging to advanced players, and can only be unlocked after reaching the level cap on any other Hero on a player's account. Currently, there are two Epic Archetypes which are the shape shifting Kheldians. One group are known as Peacebringers, peaceful symbiotic aliens that have light-based powers. The other group are called Warshades, more war-like symbiotes also known as Nictus who are normally enemies to the Peacebringers but have reformed their 'evil' ways.
Items
Main article: Items in City of Heroes and City of VillainsLike other MMORPGs, City of Heroes/Villains has various items that are rewarded within the game. However, many of these items are described as intangible or other-worldly; such as "inspirations" (temporary powerups) or "influence" (used instead of money), which are abstract ideas in the real world. "Enhancements" - slottable attribute boosts - also cover a range of ideas and items from magic enchantments to technological gadgets to training techniques. With the release of issue 9, the game also added even more powerful "Inventions". Inventions provide much better benefits over Enhancements, and even allow a player to achieve set bonuses. These bonuses can be anything from 5% recharge boosts, or 10% more regeneration.
Enemies
Main article: Enemy groups in City of Heroes and City of VillainsIn City of Heroes there are several NPC groups that players fight as part of "random" encounters. Many enemies are found on the streets of Paragon City, whereas others are found in specific instances or areas. There are also Giant Monsters and similar events that take place in parts of the city that are even rarer, such as Lusca the Giant Octopus in the waters of the Independence Port zone or the Ghost Ship that spawns ghostly enemies in the Talos Island zone as well as the Independence Port zone.
Geography
Main article: Zones in City of Heroes and City of VillainsParagon City is a fictitious city located in Rhode Island in the United States. The city itself is divided into several smaller neighborhoods that have varying villains and progressively higher levels of villains within them. The arbitrary divisions between zones are explained by the presence of "War Walls", powerful forcefields derived from alien technology, which are used to defend various areas of the city. It is worth noting that included within Paragon City are two zones which are also referred to as cities: Galaxy City, a relatively low level zone, and Skyway City, which is much higher in difficulty and thus requires the heroes to be at a greater power level to be able to safely patrol it. Heroes set out by dealing with low-powered street gangs such as Hellions and Skulls in the initial zones, working their way up to fighting increasingly dangerous threats - such as organised crime, corrupt corporations, hostile aliens and supernatural terrors - even eventually entering other dimensions to fight ultimately powered villains.
Updates and History
Main article: History of City of Heroes and City of VillainsThe Development team continually expands City of Heroes with free downloadable patches/updates as well as massive free expansions dubbed "Issues." This is because the games are intended to have the feel of comic books, and the expansions being called issues reflects this fact. City of Villains was released as an expansion and stand-alone game, a concept which has been dubbed "Expanshalone." Guild Wars uses a similar system with its additions. The Development team had planned on releasing a retail expansion to the game (similar to World of Warcraft and its retail expansion The Burning Crusade), but the idea was scrapped, and the content that had been planned to be released in the retail expansion will instead be released among several future free Issues.
Issue #1 was titled "Through the Looking Glass" and it raised the level cap and introduced two new zones and the Tailor Shops, where players can alter their characters' costumes for a fee. Issue #2 was titled "Shadows of the Past" and introduced capes, auras, respecification, badges for achieving various things in the game, and new zones including the dance club zone "Pocket D." Issue #3 was titled "A Council of War" and introduced the Epic Archetypes, featured the replacement of the Nazi-themed group the Fifth Column by the Council, and Ancillary Powers, which augment a character's abilities. Issue #4 was titled "Collosseum" and introduced player versus player content. Issue #5 was titled "A Forest of Dread" and introduced the new Croatoa zone as well as archery and sound power sets. Issue #6 was titled "Along Came a Spider" and coincided with the release of City of Villains and introduced shared content between the two games such as PvP zones and Supergroup bases. Issue #7 was titled "Destiny Manifest" and introduced a new PvP zone. Issue #8 was titled "To Protect and Serve" and it introduced the Veteran Rewards system (items awarded to longtime subscribers) and the "Safeguard Mission" in which a Hero could prevent a bank robbery. Issue #9 was titled "Breakthrough" and introduced the Inventions system as well as the auction system. Issue #10 titled "Invasion" is yet to be implemented. What is known is that it revolves around the Rikti villain group that is central to the backstory of City of Heroes.
The City of Heroes development team also initiates events based on North American holidays and observances, starting with Halloween in 2004, followed by a Winter Event (eventually becoming a primarily Christmas-themed event) , and the newest holiday observance as Valentine's Day event.
Servers
City of Heroes and City of Villains employ several servers that are based in different geographic zones (some are based in Virginia, others are in California). The servers are divided between the American and European markets, with separate servers specifically for German and French players. When the Korean City of Hero comes out of beta testing, they will more than likely have their own set of servers as well. The various servers are as follows:
- American servers
- Freedom
- Justice
- Pinnacle
- Virtue
- Liberty
- Guardian
- Infinity
- Protector
- Victory
- Champion
- Triumph
- Training Room (Public test server)
- Shibboleth (Private server for in-house developer testing)
- European servers
- Defiant (English-language server)
- Union (English-language server)
- Vigilance (French-language server)
- Zukunft (German-language server)
- EU Training Room (Public test server)
Praise
Computer Gaming World hailed the game saying "City of Heroes blows a super powered gust of fresh air into an increasingly stale sword-and-sorcery MMO world" in August of 2004. PC Gamer, Game Informer, GameSpy and several other industry magazines critically acclaimed City of Heroes for its foray into the superhero genre and gave the game top or near top scores across the board.
GameSpy went on to say that City of Heroes has the most flexible character creator to date of any MMORPG and has consistently given the update issues high marks. The launch of City of Heroes was widely reported as one of the most successful MMO launches in the history of the industry.
It also is often praised for having a development team that actively communicates with its player base. The development team will admit mistakes and also implement player suggestions. The communication level between players and developers is such that players can actually send private messages to the developer accounts, get their suggestion/question/complaint read, and possibly even responded to.
Also, the game is praised because a subscriber's characters are not deleted, even if the subscription has been canceled or inactive for an extended period of time. Some MMORPGs delete a character after a period of inactivity. For a relatively short period, inactive accounts ran the risk of having the names of their characters taken by new players in the character creator. The lack of names being taken from inactive characters eventually led to this policy being revoked. While this policy was active, the character itself was left untouched and a player who lost his character's name was given the option to choose a new one.
Awards
- Computer Gaming World: MMORPG Game of the Year 2004
- Spike TV 2004 Video Game Awards: MMORPG Game of the Year
- GameSpy: PC Game of the Year 2004
- Billboard 2004 Digital Entertainment Conference & Awards: PC or Console Game of the Year, Multiplayer Game of the Year
- Wargamer: Award for Excellence
- Games Magazine: Game of the Year 2004
- Computer Games Magazine: Editor’s Choice - August 2004 Issue
- Computer Gaming World: Editor's Choice - August 2004
- Game Informer: PC Game of the Month - July 2004 Issue
- Loadedinc, Hot Property Award
- The Adrenaline Vault, Seal of Excellence
- Actiontrip: Editor’s Choice
- Warcry: Best Expansion - City of Villains - E3 2004
- IGN; Editor’s Choice
- GameSpot: Game of the Month - May 2004
- GameSpy: Game of the Month - May 2004
- GameSpy: Editor’s Choice
- E3 2003 Game Critics Awards: Best Online Multiplayer
- Game Revolution Best of E3 2003: Best Online Game
Criticism
One criticism is that City of Heroes does not reveal full numerical values within the game for powers and abilities. Instead, vague descriptors (such as "low", "medium", "high", "superior", "extreme", "short", "medium", "slow", "long", and "very long") are used to describe the effects of the various skills and powers of the characters. This renders players unable to make accurate informed decisions concerning powers with similar performance. It also introduces the possibility of a power's strength being adjusted without player knowledge, whether by oversight or intentionally.
According to a post by Jack Emmert, the decision to withhold precise information was due, in part, to his belief that too much complexity overwhelms first-time players and hinders an MMORPG's success (although he also admits he may have been incorrect on that issue due to World of Warcraft subsequently achieving mass-market success despite revealing all numbers to its players). With the Issue 7 update, complete numbers for many powers, mostly from City of Villains power sets, were released in a free add-on to a previously released commercial strategy guide for City of Heroes/Villains.
A significant game play change called Enhancement Diversification, or ED, was implemented in Issue 5. ED received strong negative feedback from the player community. The response thread to ED on the official City of Heroes message forum exceeded 3,500 replies in the first 36 hours, and soon after grew so large that a second thread was required due to forum software limits.
ED imposed a point of sharply diminished returns on how far each individual aspect of each power could be improved. Prior to ED, a player could focus all enhancements on only one of a power's aspects and receive fully cumulative benefits. Cryptic's stated reason behind ED was "to promote the use of more different types of Enhancements in powers" . Critics observed that ED universally reduced the maximum possible effectiveness of all characters, making it a global nerf; that many defensive powers had now been significantly weakened for two Issues in a row, which was especially frustrating for characters who specialize in such powers and invalidated many of their existing tactics; that some powers cannot legally or usefully accept more than one type of Enhancement and thus cannot be "diversified"; that it was deceitful to enact such a severe change less than a month after officially announcing "we’ve finished making large changes to the power sets" ; and that ED was too fundamental a change to implement so long after the original launch.
Subscription
As in most other MMORPGs, players must pay the publisher (NCsoft) a monthly fee to continue playing City of Heroes. Portions of the subscription costs go to supporting a full-time "live" team, which develops additional content for the game; other portions support the significant server maintenance and bandwidth costs. coh.ogaming.com has an article on why MMORPGs have recurring fees. In addition to paying subscription fees via credit card, another option is prepaid cards that are available at video game retailers. Once purchased, the player inputs a code from the card and their account is updated to allow as many months of play as the card is good for. PlayNC time cards are available from stores that work for any NCSoft published game, and come in 15, 30 and 60 day options.
Continuing active subscriptions are also entitled to Veteran Rewards. The system rewards players with a plethora of costume pieces, extra powers, supergroup base items, and other minor in-game perks to all characters (both hero and villain characters) on any server tied to the active subscription. Inactive accounts do not accrue time for Veteran Rewards.
As of March 2007 City of Heroes has around 143,127 subscribers in the US & Europe, according to financial reports released by NCsoft in May 2007.
Payment options
US dollars
- 1 month for $14.99
- 3 months for $41.85 ($13.95 per month)
- 6 months for $77.70 ($12.95 per month)
- 12 months for $143.40 ($11.95 per month)
- 60-day PlayNC time card for $29.99 suggested retail price
Beginning April 5, 2006, NCsoft began adding sales tax to the above subscription charges for customers living in the states of California, Texas, Arizona, and Minnesota, due to having a legal business presence in those states.
Euro
- 1 month for €12.99
- 3 months for €34.99 (€11.66 per month)
- 6 month for €64.99 (€10.83 per month)
British pounds
- 1 month for £8.99
- 3 months for £23.99 (£7.99 per month)
- 6 months for £44.99 (£7.49 per month)
Beyond the computer
The Novels
The first City of Heroes novel, The Web of Arachnos, by Robert Weinberg, was published by CDS Books (an imprint of the Perseus Publishing Group) in October 2005. The novel chronicles the back stories of Statesman and Lord Recluse, the central iconic characters in the City of Heroes and City of Villains franchises. A second novel, The Freedom Phalanx, written by Robin Laws, released in May 2006 and detailed the reformation of the hero team the Freedom Phalanx in the 1980s; the story centers on the fledgling heroes Positron and Synapse, but also includes Manticore, Sister Psyche, and Statesman. The book's villains include Lord Recluse, Doctor Null, Shadow Queen, and Revenant. Artist George Pérez provides the covers for the first two novels. A third novel, The Rikti War, was announced by CDS at the time the first novel was published, with an August 2006 scheduled release date. Authors Paul S. Kemp and Shane Hensley have been attached to the project at various times. The book will reportedly cover the epic transdimensional war between Earth and the Rikti home world, however a post on the official message boards containing a message supposedly from Kemp states that the "novel is not to be and must leave it at that. "Developer Sean Michael Fish (Manticore) has recently stated that CDS will no longer be publishing books for CoX, and The Rikti War may or may not be published.
The comic book
Main article: City of Heroes comic bookTo tie in with the game, NCSoft released original comic book series that featured various characters from within the games themselves. The original series by publisher Blue King featured the heroes/roommates Apex and War Witch with their neighbor Horus. The more recent series from publisher Top Cow features signature heroes and villains from both City of Heroes and City of Villains such as The Statesman, Positron, Lord Recluse, and Ghost Widow. However, the Top Cow series is slated to end with Issue 20 (July 2007), with no current plans for another new series. The official website allows people to download the comics in PDF format roughly a month after their release in comic book stores.
Collectible card game
Main article: City of Heroes Collectible Card GameAlderac Entertainment Group also worked with CoH to create a collectible card game featuring characters from the game, as well as several original characters. The game's website also allows players to create a game-compliant card for their own online character. This card game is now discontinued.
Role-playing game
Main article: City of Heroes Roleplaying GameThe CoH team has also worked with Eden Studios, Inc. to create a role-playing game based on the massively multiplayer online game. While a free preview version of the game was released, the game has been delayed due to the cancellation license with FOX on their Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel roleplaying-games.
Movie/Television
In June, 2007, it was announced that the producer for the Transformers film, Tom DeSanto, had acquired the option to make movies and television shows based off the City of Heroes franchise.
Suit by Marvel
In November 2004, Marvel Comics filed a lawsuit against City of Heroes developer Cryptic Studios, publisher NCsoft, and game administrator NC Interactive (NCI), alleging that the game not only allowed, but actively promoted, the creation of characters who infringe copyrights and trademarks owned by Marvel. The suit sought unspecified damages and an injunction halting further sales and shutting down the game.
The game includes in its end-user license agreement (EULA) strong language against such activity, however. It forbids the creation of potentially infringing characters, and NCI has been known to delete or rename such characters. The EULA additionally holds players accountable to indemnify (reimburse) NCI and its affiliates against third-party infringement claims, and demands either a granting of sole ownership in player created content, including characters, to NCI, or a warranty that a third party owner of the rights in player created content has made such a grant. It is unclear whether this grant is an exclusive assignment or a non-exclusive license, however.
The defendants replied that the lawsuit was frivolous. Many intellectual property analysts agree, but others have noted that trademark law is structured such that if Marvel believes their marks are being infringed upon, they have little choice but to file a lawsuit, regardless of its outcome, to preserve the strength of the marks. At least one has noted similarities to Fonovisa, Inc. v. Cherry Auction, Inc., a case in which a company that ran a flea market was successfully sued over intellectual property infringement because a vendor had been selling bootlegged records at that flea market. Although Cherry Auction had not been directly selling the infringing items, the court found that it was vicariously or contributorally liable for the infringement.
As of December 14, 2005, all claims have been settled. Although the settlement has not been disclosed, no changes will be made to the City of Heroes client.
Although details of the settlement are private, it can be seen that Marvel's case was, at least in part, struggling because Marvel had admitted that some of the allegedly infringing characters cited in the complaint had been made by Marvel's own investigators. This led the court to strike those exhibits from the complaint. Further, the court had dismissed, with prejudice, some of the claims, specifically the ones alleging indirect trademark infringement, because Marvel had not pled use in commerce, by players, of Marvel's marks. Use in commerce is a required element of trademark infringement under American statutes.
Despite all of this, in October 2006 Marvel Comics selected Cryptic Studios to develop its own superhero MMORPG for Windows Vista and Xbox Live, titled Marvel Universe Online. The news of the alliance led to a surprised reaction from players, but developer Matt "Positron" Miller assured fans on Cryptic's official website that development and maintenance would continue separately on both games.
Communities
Many on-line communities exist for the discussion of City of Heroes. Some prominent ones include:
Official forums
The official Internet forum for City of Heroes is the web board found at boards.cityofheroes.com. This web board is run by Cryptic and NCsoft themselves, and frequented by various developers and customer service representatives (referred to by site regulars as "red names" because their usernames are highlighted in red on their forum posts) as well as players. There are forums devoted to announcements, general issues, player guides, questions, suggestions, each archetype, each of the eleven game servers, City of Villains, and other topics.
The European version of City of Heroes has its own separate official web board.
Supergroups
A player can join an existing Supergroup (also known as a "guild" in other MMOs) at any level. When the player reaches Level 10, the player may register a Supergroup of their own creation. When in a Supergroup the player can edit his or her colors and emblem to match the group. Also, if the player is in "Supergroup Mode", the player will earn Prestige and Salvage for the group. These can be used to improve the player's group's Base as well as paying rent on said base. Originally, the game did not have bases for heroes to inhabit between battles, but with the release of City of Villains, the feature was enabled for those who owned both games. The concept of a Supergroup in the game is clearly based on similar groups existing in comics such as Marvel Comics' Avengers or DC Comics' Justice League of America. Likewise, the idea of superhero bases comes from the concept of the headquarters of superhero groups, such as Avengers Mansion, the Baxter Building/Four Freedoms Plaza and the JLA Watchtower.
Fan Sites
Numerous City of Heroes fan sites exist with a wide variety of formats and purposes, including roleplaying sites and informational sites. NCsoft maintains a City of Heroes fansite portal on its official site. Any person may create a fan site and submit it to NCsoft for publication on the portal, pending review to ensure that the site meets with the guidelines for a fan site submission. Fan sites listed on the portal are periodically reviewed by NCsoft to ensure that they are up and maintained.
References
- . Retrieved 2006-12-25.
{{cite web}}
: Check|url=
value (help) - "The Paragon Times: Capes Return to Paragon City!". 2004-07-19. Retrieved 2007-01-25.
An in-game newspaper article, that mentions Paragon City, Rhode Island.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - Musgrove, Mike. "washingtonpost.com - Virtual Presents, Virtual Trees and Very Real Cheer". Retrieved 2006-12-25.
- "City of Heroes Official Forums: Ask Statesman - Answers!". 2005-12-01. Retrieved 2007-05-01.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - "FREE Prima Issue 7: Destiny Manifest Strategy Guide Download". 2006-06-06. Retrieved 2007-05-01.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ Paulsen, Jakob (2005-10-10). "City of Heroes nerf creates massive outcry". Retrieved 2007-05-02.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - "Enhancement Diversification". 2005-10-08. Retrieved 2007-05-02.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - Emmert, Jack (2005-09-16). "I5". Retrieved 2007-05-02.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - Sharkey, Scott (2005-10-10). "City of Heroes "Enhancement Diversification"". Retrieved 2007-05-02.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - "Paragon City : City of Heroes OGaming - Pay-to-Play".
- "PlayNC Game Time cards".
- "www.cityofheroes.com: Veteran Rewards Program".
- "NCsoft.com: financial report".
- "PlayNC.com: Important: Account Billing Process Change".
- "Eden Studios, Inc. Current News". Retrieved 2006-12-12.
- "SCI FI Wire | The News Service of the SCI FI Channel | SCIFI.COM: DeSanto Develops Heroes Film". Retrieved 2007-06-08.
- Veiga, Alex. "USATODAY.com - Marvel sues two companies over role-playing game".
{{cite web}}
: More than one of|author=
and|last=
specified (help) - "PlayNC.com - City of Heroes EULA".
- "City of Heroes Community Site: Marvel Entertainment, Inc., NCsoft Corporation, NC Interactive, Inc., Cryptic Studios, Inc. Settle All Litigation".
- Judge R. Gary Klausner. "Defendants Motion to strike matter from plaintiffs second amended complaint and motion to dismiss same (Section IIIA)" (PDF).
- Judge R. Gary Klausner. "Defendants Motion to strike matter from plaintiffs second amended complaint and motion to dismiss same (section IIIA)" (PDF).
- Judge R. Gary Klausner. "Defendants Motion to strike matter from plaintiffs second amended complaint and motion to dismiss same (Section IV)" (PDF).
- "City of Heroes Community: Fansite Portal". Retrieved 2007-01-19.
- "CITY OF HEROES FAN SITE AGREEMENT". Retrieved 2007-01-19.
- "City of Heroes Community: Fan Submissions". Retrieved 2007-01-19.
General references
- City of Heroes, PRIMA Official Game Guide, Chris McCubbin and Cristopher Pinckard, Prima Games (2004). ISBN 0-7615-4516-6
- City of Heroes Binder, PRIMA Official Game Guide, Eric Mylonis, Prima Games (2005), ISBN 0-7615-5205-7
External links
- City of Heroes North America official site
- European official site
- Fan Sites submitted by the City of Heroes fan community.
- IGN's City of Heroes vault
- Text of Marvel's complaint - hosted by the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
- Dev Digest - where recent Developer posts to boards.cityofheroes.com are aggregated for quick viewing.
- Community Digest - where recent Community Rep posts to boards.cityofheroes.com are aggregated for quick viewing.