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Revision as of 16:55, 21 April 2008 by Grazen (talk | contribs) (→Science and society essay)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)Naomi Oreskes is a Professor of History and Science Studies at the University of California San Diego.
Background
Oreskes received her Bachelor of Science in Mining Geology from the Royal School of Mines of Imperial College, University of London in 1981, and worked as a Research Assistant in the Geology Department and as a Teaching Assistant in the departments of Geology, Philosophy and Applied Earth Sciences at Stanford University starting in 1984. She received her PhD in the Graduate Special Program in Geological Research and History of Science at Stanford in 1990. She received a National Science Foundation's Young Investigator Award in 1994.
She has worked as a consultant for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S National Academy of Sciences, and has also taught at Dartmouth, Harvard and New York University (NYU). She is also a member of the History of Science Society. She is the author or has contributed to a number of essays and technical reports in economic geology and science history in addition to three books:
- Plate Tectonics: An Insider’s History of the Modern Theory of the Earth, Edited with Homer Le Grand) (2003) Westview Press, ISBN 0-8133-4132-9
- The Rejection of Continental Drift: Theory and Method in American Earth Science (1999) Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-511733-6
- Perspectives on Geophysics, Special Issue of Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 31B, Oreskes, Naomi and James R. Fleming, eds. 2000.
Sixth College
On February 5, 2008, it was announced that Oreskes would become the second Sixth College Provost effective July 1, 2008.
Science and society essay
Oreskes wrote an essay on science and society Beyond the Ivory Tower: The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change in the journal Science in December 2004.
In the essay she reported an analysis of “928 abstracts, published in refereed scientific journals between 1993 and 2003 and published in the ISI database with the keywords ‘climate change’”. The essay stated the analysis was to test the hypothesis that the drafting of reports and statements by societies such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, American Association for the Advancement of Science and National Academy of Sciences might downplay legitimate dissenting opinions on anthropogenic climate change. After the analysis, she concluded that 75 percent of the examined abstracts either explicitly or implicitly backed the consensus view, while none directly dissented from it. The essay received a lot of media attention from around the world.
Oreskes's study has been criticized by social anthropologist Benny Peiser. Peiser's main objections related to errors in the described methodology that was used by Oreskes to come to her conclusions and to the the claim of an unanimous consensus, as opposed to a majority consensus. However, no critique has been published in a peer-reviewed journal.
In 2007, Oreskes expanded her analysis, stating that only approximately 20 percent of abstracts "explicitly" endorsed the consensus on climate change that: "Earth's climate is being affected by human activities" while 55 percent of abstracts "implicitly" endorsed the consensus by engaging in research to characterize the ongoing and/or future impact of climate change (50 percent of abstracts) or to mitigate against predicted changes (5 percent). She indicated that the remaining 25 percent either focused on paleoclimate (10) or developing measurement techniques (15) and Oreskes considered these to be "agnostic" on the reality of climate change.
Oreskes responded to some criticisms, including those from Richard Lindzen, with an editorial in The Washington Post.
Selected Awards, Honors, and Fellowships
- George Sarton Award Lecture, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2004
- American Philosophical Society Sabbatical Fellowship, 2001-2002.
- National Science Foundation Young Investigator Award, 1994-1999.
- National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship for University Teachers, 1993-94.
- Society of Economic Geologists Lindgren Prize for outstanding work by a young scientist, 1993.
- Ritter Memorial Fellowship in History of Marine Sciences, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1994.
- Listed, Who’s Who in American Science and Engineering, Who’s Who in the West.
References
- historyweb.ucsd.edu
- Naomi Oreskes (December 3, 2004). "Beyond the Ivory Tower: The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change". Science. 306 (5702): 1686. doi:10.1126/science.1103618. (see also for an exchange of letters to Science)
- sciencemag.org
- washingtonpost.com
- "There is No Consensus on Global Warming" The Wall Street Journal
- Mediawatch: Peiser
- Politicization 101: Segregating Scientists According to Political Orientation 17 March 2006
- Deltoid: Peiser Admits to Making a Mistake
- Oreskes, Naomi (2007). "The scientific consensus on climate change: How do we know we're not wrong?". In Joseph F. DiMento, Pamela Doughman (ed.). Climate Change. MIT Press. ISBN 026204241X.
- Oreskes, Naomi (December 26, 2004). "Undeniable Global Warming". Washington Post: B07.
External links
- Oreskes page at UCSD
- Naomi Oreskes, 2007, The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change: How Do We Know We’re Not Wrong? Climate Change: What It Means for Us, Our Children, and Our Grandchildren, edited by Joseph F. C. DiMento and Pamela Doughman, MIT Press, pp. 65-99.