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Fallingwater, also known as the Edgar Kaufmann house, is a house on the Bear Run at the address P.O. Box R, Mill Run, Pennsylvania 15464, in southwestern Pennsylvania in the Appalachians. The house was designed by American architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1935.
Edgar Kaufmann Sr. was a successful Pittsburgh businessman. His son, Edgar Jr., studied architecture under Wright briefly. The Kaufmanns owned some property outside of Pittsburgh with a waterfall and some cabins. When the cabins at their camp had deteriorated to the point that something had to be rebuilt, Mr. Kaufman contacted Wright.
Initially, the Kaufmanns assumed that Wright would design a house that would overlook the waterfall. Wright asked for a survey of the area around the waterfall, including all of the boulders and trees. Wright positioned the house over the waterfall.
Wright adapted the vocabulary of International Modernism—a usually stark and ordered variety used in public buildings— for this organically designed private residence intended to be a nature retreat. The house is well-known for its connection to the site: it is built on top of an active waterfall which flows beneath the house. The fireplace hearth in the living room is composed of boulders found on the site and upon which the house was built. Wright had initially intended that the boulders would be cut flush with the living room floor, but they were left as they were, protruding from the rest of the floor. The stone floors are waxed, while the hearth is left plain, giving the impression of dry rocks protruding from a stream.
The active stream, immediate surroundings and cantilevered design of the house are meant to be in unison, in line with Wright's interest in making buildings that were more "organic" and which thus seemed to be more engaged with their surroundings.
On the hillside above the main house is a garage, servants' quarters, and a guest bedroom. This attached outbuilding was built using the same quality of materials and attention to detail as the main house.
The Kaufmann House is now a museum, and undergoing an ongoing restoration. Like many Wright buildings, it was made of somewhat flimsy (often "experimental") materials and has not held up particularly well.
The house had structural problems from the beginning. The contractor built the forms for the reinforced concrete terraces without taking into account the fact that even cured concrete sags a bit after the forms are taken away. The contractor also didn´t precisely follow the orders of the architect. The terraces at Fallingwater sagged several inches in the first few years.
According to Stewart Brand, the senior Mr. Kaufmann called Fallingwater "a seven-bucket building" for its leaks, and nicknamed it "Rising Mildew".
In 1996 the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy began an intensive program to preserve and restore Fallingwater. After much study, they added some more steel; post-tensioning the concrete sixty years later.