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Demographic history of Romania

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This article presents the demographic history of Romania through census results. See Demographics of Romania for a more detailed overview of the country's present-day demographics.

The 1930 census was the only one to cover Greater Romania. Censuses in 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992 and 2002 covered Romania's present-day territory. All but the 1948 census, which asked about mother tongue, had a question on ethnicity. Moldavia and Wallachia each held a census in 1859. The Romanian Old Kingdom conducted statistical estimates in 1884, 1889 and 1894, and held censuses in 1899 and 1912. Ion Antonescu's regime also held two: a general one in April 1941, and one for those with "Jewish blood" in May 1942. The uppcomming household's cencus will take place in 2011.

1866 estimate

Religion number %
Romanian Orthodox 4,198,862 94.9
Jewish 134,168 3.0
Roman Catholic 45,152 1.0
Protestant 28,903 0.7
Armenian Apostolic 8,375 0.2
Armenian Catholic 8,178 0.2
Muslim 1,323 0.0
Total 4,424,961 100.0

1887 estimate

Ethnicity number %
Romanians 4,500,000 81.8
Jews 300,000 5.5
Gipsies 200,000 3.6
Bulgarians 100,000 1.8
Germans 50,000 0.9
Hungarians 50,000 0.9
Armenians 15,000 0.3
Others* 285,000 5.2
Total 5,500,000 100.0

*Mainly in Dobruja (details)

December 1899 census

Ethnicity number %
Romanians 5,489,296 92.2
Jews 256,588 4.3
Others 210,806 3.5
Total 5,956,690 100.0

19 December 1912 census

number %
Total 7,234,919 100.0

29 December 1930 census

Ethnic map (census 1930)
Postage stamp issued in 1930, marking the census that year.
Ethnicity number %
Romanians 12,981,324 71.9
Hungarians 1,425,507 7.9
Germans 745,421 4.1
Jews 728,115 4.0
Ruthenians and Ukrainians 582,115 3.2
Russians 409,150 2.3
Bulgarians 366,384 2.0
Gipsies 262,501 1.5
Turks 154,772 0.9
Gagauz 105,750 0.6
Czechs and Slovaks 51,842 0.3
Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 51,062 0.3
Poles 48,310 0.3
Greeks 26,495 0.1
Tatars 22,141 0.1
Armenians 15,544 0.0
Hutsuls 12,456 0.0
Albanians 4,670 0.0
Others 56,355 0.3
Undeclared 7,114 0.0
Total 18,057,028 100.0

6 April 1941 census

number %
Total 13,535,757 100.0

25 January 1948 census

Mother tongue number %
Romanian 13,597,613 85.7
Hungarian 1,499,851 9.4
German 343,913 2.2
Yiddish 138,795 0.9
Gipsies 53,425 0.3
Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian 45,447 0.3
Russian 39,332 0.2
Ukrainian 37,582 0.2
Czech and Slovak 35,143 0.2
Turkish and Tatar 28,782 0.2
Bulgarian 13,408 0.1
Greek 8,696 0.1
Armenian 6,987 0.0
Polish 6,753 0.0
Albanian 735 0.0
Others 15,639 0.2
Undeclared 523 0.0
Total 15,872,624 100.0

21 February 1956 census

Ethnicity number %
Romanians 14,996,114 85.7
Hungarians 1,587,675 9.1
Germans 384,708 2.2
Jews 146,264 0.8
Gipsies 104,216 0.6
Ukrainians 60,479 0.4
Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 46,517 0.3
Russians 38,731 0.2
Slovaks 23,331 0.2
Tatars 20,469 0.2
Turks 14,329 0.1
Bulgarians 12,040 0.1
Czechs 11,821 0.0
Greeks 11,166 0.0
Poles 7,627 0.0
Armenians 6,441 0.0
Others 13,357 0.1
Undeclared 4,165 0.0
Total 17,489,450 100.0

15 March 1966 census

Ethnicity number %
Romanians 16,746,510 87.7
Hungarians 1,619,592 8.5
Germans 382,595 2.0
Gipsies 64,197 0.3
Ukrainians 54,705 0.3
Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 44,236 0.3
Jews 42,888 0.2
Russians 39,483 0.2
Slovaks 22,221 0.1
Tatars 22,151 0.1
Turks 18,040 0.1
Bulgarians 11,193 0.1
Czechs 9,978 0.0
Greeks 9,088 0.0
Poles 5,860 0.0
Armenians 3,436 0.0
Others 4,681 0.0
Undeclared 2,309 0.0
Total 19,103,163 100.0

5 January 1977 census

Ethnic map (census 1977)
Ethnicity number %
Romanians 18,999,565 88.1
Hungarians 1,713,928 7.9
Germans 359,109 1.6
Gipsies 227,398 1.05
Ukrainians 55,510 0.3
Serbs 34,429 0.2
Russians 32,696 0.2
Jews 24,667 0.1
Turks 23,422 0.1
Tatars 23,369 0.1
Slovaks 21,286 0.1
Bulgarians 10,372 0.0
Czechs 7,683 0.0
Croats 7,500 0.0
Greeks 6,262 0.0
Poles 4,641 0.0
Armenians 2,342 0.0
Others 5,279 0.0
Undeclared 452 0.0
Total 21,559,910 100.0

7 January 1992 census

The population at the census population, based on individual registration and proper processing. The population and housing census of January 7, 1992 population was 22,760,449, of these was, 49.1% male and 50.9% female. The CIA means that the population in the census was 22.749 million.


Ethnic map (census 1992)
number %
Male 11182290 49.1
Female 11578159 50.9
Total 22760449 100.0

18 March 2002 census

Ethnic map (census 2002)
Promotional poster for the 2002 census

On 31 December 2001 the Romanian government estimated the population to be: 21 833 483

Ethnicity number %
Romanians 19,399,597 89.4
Hungarians 1,431,807 6.6
Roma 535,140 2.4
Ukrainians 61,091 0.2
Germans 59,764 0.2
Lipovan Russians 35,791 0.1
Turks 32,098 0.1
Tatars 23,935 0.1
Serbs 22,518 0.1
Slovaks 17,199 0.07
Bulgarians 8,025 0.03
Croats 6,786 0.03
Greeks 6,472 0.02
Jews 5,785 0.02
Czechs 3,938 0.01
Poles 3,559 0.01
Italians 3,288 0.01
Chinese 2,243 0.01
Armenians 1,780
Csángó 1,266
Others 13,653 0.07
Undeclared 1,941
Total 21,677,676 100.0

October 2011 Census

Notes

  1. http://www.suceava-news.ro/guvern/recensamantul_populatiei_va_avea_loc_in_2011/
  2. Parliamentary Reports. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1867. p. 153. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  3. The Statesman's Year-Book. St. Martin's Press. 1889. p. 407. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  4. New International Yearbook. Dodd, Mead and Company. 1915. p. 612. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  5. The Statesman's Year-book. St. Martin's Press. 1918. p. 1198. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  6. Populaţia pe Neamuri (in Romanian). Institutul Central de Statistică. pp. XXIV. Retrieved 2008-07-20.
  7. Enciclopedia de istorie a României (in Romanian). Editura Meronia. 2002. p. 358. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  8. ^ "Hungarians in Transylvania between 1870 and 1995". Retrieved 2008-07-20.
  9. http://www.dictsociologie.netfirms.com/_IndDem/populatieInd.htm
  10. http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact95/wf950200.htm
  11. http://www.dictsociologie.netfirms.com/_IndDem/populatieInd.htm
  12. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=tps00001&tableSelection=1&footnotes=yes&labeling=labels&plugin=1
  13. "Rezultate" (in Romanian). Institutul Naţional de Statistică. 2002. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
  14. http://www.suceava-news.ro/guvern/recensamantul_populatiei_va_avea_loc_in_2011/
  15. http://www.ziare.com/articole/recensamant+romania+2011
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