List of scientific fields - Misplaced Pages

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by The Transhumanist (talk | contribs) at 06:02, 31 July 2011 (moved Fields of science to List of scientific fields: per naming conventions for lists. See WP:LISTNAME.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Revision as of 06:02, 31 July 2011 by The Transhumanist (talk | contribs) (moved Fields of science to List of scientific fields: per naming conventions for lists. See WP:LISTNAME.)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)

Fields of science are widely-recognized categories of specialized expertise within science, and typically embody their own terminology and nomenclature. Each field will commonly be represented by at least one scientific journal, where peer reviewed research will be published.

Natural sciences

v t e Natural science
Outline
Earth science Life sciences Physical science Space science
Category Science Portal [REDACTED] Commons

Physical sciences

Chemistry

Physics

v t e Major branches of physics
Divisions	Pure Applied Engineering
Approaches	Experimental Theoretical Computational
Classical	Classical mechanics Newtonian Analytical Celestial Continuum Acoustics Classical electromagnetism Classical optics Ray Wave Thermodynamics Statistical Non-equilibrium
Modern	Relativistic mechanics Special General Nuclear physics Particle physics Quantum mechanics Atomic, molecular, and optical physics Atomic Molecular Modern optics Condensed matter physics Solid-state physics Crystallography
Interdisciplinary	Astrophysics Atmospheric physics Biophysics Chemical physics Geophysics Materials science Mathematical physics Medical physics Ocean physics Quantum information science
Related	History of physics Nobel Prize in Physics Philosophy of physics Physics education research Timeline of physics discoveries

Astronomy

v t e Major subfields of astronomy
Astrobiology Astrochemistry Astrometry Astrophysics Cosmochemistry Cosmology Extragalactic astronomy Galactic astronomy Orbital mechanics Physical cosmology Planetary geology Planetary science Solar astronomy Stellar astronomy

Earth science

Environmental science

Ecology

Life sciences (Biology)

v t e Branches of biology
Abiogenesis Aerobiology Agronomy Agrostology Anatomy Astrobiology Bacteriology Biochemistry Biogeography Biogeology Bioinformatics Biological engineering Biomechanics Biophysics Biosemiotics Biostatistics Biotechnology Botany Cell biology Cellular microbiology Chemical biology Chronobiology Cognitive biology Computational biology Conservation biology Cryobiology Cytogenetics Dendrology Developmental biology Ecological genetics Ecology Embryology Epidemiology Epigenetics Evolutionary biology Freshwater biology Generative biology Genetics Genomics Geobiology Gerontology Herpetology Histology Human biology Ichthyology Immunology Lipidology Mammalogy Marine biology Mathematical biology Microbiology Molecular biology Mycology Neontology Neuroscience Nutrition Ornithology Osteology Paleontology Parasitology Pathology Pharmacology Photobiology Phycology Phylogenetics Physiology Pomology Primatology Proteomics Protistology Quantum biology Relational biology Reproductive biology Sociobiology Structural biology Synthetic biology Systematics Systems biology Taxonomy Teratology Toxicology Virology Virophysics Xenobiology Zoology
See also	History of biology Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Timeline of biology and organic chemistry

Branches of biology

Formal sciences

Main article: Formal sciences

Computer sciences

v t e Computer science
Note: This template roughly follows the 2012 ACM Computing Classification System.
Hardware	Printed circuit board Peripheral Integrated circuit Very Large Scale Integration Systems on Chip (SoCs) Energy consumption (Green computing) Electronic design automation Hardware acceleration Processor Size / Form
Computer systems organization	Computer architecture Computational complexity Dependability Embedded system Real-time computing
Networks	Network architecture Network protocol Network components Network scheduler Network performance evaluation Network service
Software organization	Interpreter Middleware Virtual machine Operating system Software quality
Software notations and tools	Programming paradigm Programming language Compiler Domain-specific language Modeling language Software framework Integrated development environment Software configuration management Software library Software repository
Software development	Control variable Software development process Requirements analysis Software design Software construction Software deployment Software engineering Software maintenance Programming team Open-source model
Theory of computation	Model of computation Stochastic Formal language Automata theory Computability theory Computational complexity theory Logic Semantics
Algorithms	Algorithm design Analysis of algorithms Algorithmic efficiency Randomized algorithm Computational geometry
Mathematics of computing	Discrete mathematics Probability Statistics Mathematical software Information theory Mathematical analysis Numerical analysis Theoretical computer science
Information systems	Database management system Information storage systems Enterprise information system Social information systems Geographic information system Decision support system Process control system Multimedia information system Data mining Digital library Computing platform Digital marketing World Wide Web Information retrieval
Security	Cryptography Formal methods Security hacker Security services Intrusion detection system Hardware security Network security Information security Application security
Human–computer interaction	Interaction design Social computing Ubiquitous computing Visualization Accessibility
Concurrency	Concurrent computing Parallel computing Distributed computing Multithreading Multiprocessing
Artificial intelligence	Natural language processing Knowledge representation and reasoning Computer vision Automated planning and scheduling Search methodology Control method Philosophy of artificial intelligence Distributed artificial intelligence
Machine learning	Supervised learning Unsupervised learning Reinforcement learning Multi-task learning Cross-validation
Graphics	Animation Rendering Photograph manipulation Graphics processing unit Mixed reality Virtual reality Image compression Solid modeling
Applied computing	Quantum Computing E-commerce Enterprise software Computational mathematics Computational physics Computational chemistry Computational biology Computational social science Computational engineering Differentiable computing Computational healthcare Digital art Electronic publishing Cyberwarfare Electronic voting Video games Word processing Operations research Educational technology Document management
Category Outline Glossaries

Mathematics

v t e Major mathematics areas
History Timeline Future Lists Glossary
Foundations	Category theory Information theory Mathematical logic Philosophy of mathematics Set theory Type theory
Algebra	Abstract Commutative Elementary Group theory Linear Multilinear Universal Homological
Analysis	Calculus Real analysis Complex analysis Hypercomplex analysis Differential equations Functional analysis Harmonic analysis Measure theory
Discrete	Combinatorics Graph theory Order theory
Geometry	Algebraic Analytic Arithmetic Differential Discrete Euclidean Finite
Number theory	Arithmetic Algebraic number theory Analytic number theory Diophantine geometry
Topology	General Algebraic Differential Geometric Homotopy theory
Applied	Engineering mathematics Mathematical biology Mathematical chemistry Mathematical economics Mathematical finance Mathematical physics Mathematical psychology Mathematical sociology Mathematical statistics Probability Statistics Systems science Control theory Game theory Operations research
Computational	Computer science Theory of computation Computational complexity theory Numerical analysis Optimization Computer algebra
Related topics	Mathematicians lists Informal mathematics Films about mathematicians Recreational mathematics Mathematics and art Mathematics education
Mathematics portal Category [REDACTED] Commons WikiProject

Statistics

Descriptive statistics

Continuous data

Center	Mean Arithmetic Arithmetic-Geometric Contraharmonic Cubic Generalized/power Geometric Harmonic Heronian Heinz Lehmer Median Mode
Dispersion	Average absolute deviation Coefficient of variation Interquartile range Percentile Range Standard deviation Variance
Shape	Central limit theorem Moments Kurtosis L-moments Skewness

Count data

Index of dispersion

Summary tables

Dependence

Graphics

Data collection

Study design	Effect size Missing data Optimal design Population Replication Sample size determination Statistic Statistical power
Survey methodology	Sampling Cluster Stratified Opinion poll Questionnaire Standard error
Controlled experiments	Blocking Factorial experiment Interaction Random assignment Randomized controlled trial Randomized experiment Scientific control
Adaptive designs	Adaptive clinical trial Stochastic approximation Up-and-down designs
Observational studies	Cohort study Cross-sectional study Natural experiment Quasi-experiment

Statistical inference

Statistical theory

Frequentist inference

Point estimation	Estimating equations Maximum likelihood Method of moments M-estimator Minimum distance Unbiased estimators Mean-unbiased minimum-variance Rao–Blackwellization Lehmann–Scheffé theorem Median unbiased Plug-in
Interval estimation	Confidence interval Pivot Likelihood interval Prediction interval Tolerance interval Resampling Bootstrap Jackknife
Testing hypotheses	1- & 2-tails Power Uniformly most powerful test Permutation test Randomization test Multiple comparisons
Parametric tests	Likelihood-ratio Score/Lagrange multiplier Wald

Specific tests

Z-test (normal) Student's t-test F-test
Goodness of fit	Chi-squared G-test Kolmogorov–Smirnov Anderson–Darling Lilliefors Jarque–Bera Normality (Shapiro–Wilk) Likelihood-ratio test Model selection Cross validation AIC BIC
Rank statistics	Sign Sample median Signed rank (Wilcoxon) Hodges–Lehmann estimator Rank sum (Mann–Whitney) Nonparametric anova 1-way (Kruskal–Wallis) 2-way (Friedman) Ordered alternative (Jonckheere–Terpstra) Van der Waerden test

Bayesian inference

Correlation	Pearson product-moment Partial correlation Confounding variable Coefficient of determination
Regression analysis	Errors and residuals Regression validation Mixed effects models Simultaneous equations models Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)
Linear regression	Simple linear regression Ordinary least squares General linear model Bayesian regression
Non-standard predictors	Nonlinear regression Nonparametric Semiparametric Isotonic Robust Homoscedasticity and Heteroscedasticity
Generalized linear model	Exponential families Logistic (Bernoulli) / Binomial / Poisson regressions
Partition of variance	Analysis of variance (ANOVA, anova) Analysis of covariance Multivariate ANOVA Degrees of freedom

Categorical / Multivariate / Time-series / Survival analysis

Categorical

Multivariate

Time-series

General	Decomposition Trend Stationarity Seasonal adjustment Exponential smoothing Cointegration Structural break Granger causality
Specific tests	Dickey–Fuller Johansen Q-statistic (Ljung–Box) Durbin–Watson Breusch–Godfrey
Time domain	Autocorrelation (ACF) partial (PACF) Cross-correlation (XCF) ARMA model ARIMA model (Box–Jenkins) Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) Vector autoregression (VAR)
Frequency domain	Spectral density estimation Fourier analysis Least-squares spectral analysis Wavelet Whittle likelihood

Survival

Survival function	Kaplan–Meier estimator (product limit) Proportional hazards models Accelerated failure time (AFT) model First hitting time
Hazard function	Nelson–Aalen estimator
Test	Log-rank test

Applications

Biostatistics	Bioinformatics Clinical trials / studies Epidemiology Medical statistics
Engineering statistics	Chemometrics Methods engineering Probabilistic design Process / quality control Reliability System identification
Social statistics	Actuarial science Census Crime statistics Demography Econometrics Jurimetrics National accounts Official statistics Population statistics Psychometrics
Spatial statistics	Cartography Environmental statistics Geographic information system Geostatistics Kriging

Category
Mathematics portal
[REDACTED] Commons
WikiProject

Systems science

System
types

Concepts

Theoretical
fields

Control theory Cybernetics Earth system science Living systems Sociotechnical system Systemics Urban metabolism World-systems theory
Analysis Biology Dynamics Ecology Engineering Neuroscience Pharmacology Philosophy Psychology Theory (Systems thinking)

Scientists

Applications

Organizations

Category
Portal
[REDACTED] Commons

Social and Behavioural sciences

Main article: Social sciences Main article: Behavioural sciences

v t e Social sciences
Outline History Index
Primary	Anthropology archaeology cultural social physical Economics microeconomics macroeconomics econometrics mathematical Geography physical human technical integrated History cultural auxiliary sciences economic human military political social Law jurisprudence legal history legal systems public law private law Linguistics semiotics Political science international relations comparative philosophy public policy public administration Psychology abnormal cognitive developmental personality social Sociology criminology demography internet rural urban
Interdisciplinary	Administration business public Anthrozoology Area studies Business studies Cognitive science Communication studies Community studies Criminology Cultural studies Development studies Education Environmental social science studies Food studies Gender studies Global studies Historical sociology History of technology Human ecology Information science International studies Linguistics Management Media studies Philosophies science economics history psychology social science Planning land use regional urban Political ecology Political economy Political sociology Public health Regional science Science and technology studies Science studies historical Quantum social science Social work Vegan studies
List	List of social science journals
Other categorizations	Behavioral sciences Geisteswissenschaft Human science Humanities
Category [REDACTED] Commons Society portal [REDACTED] Wikiversity

Anthropology

Anthrozoology

Economics

v t e Economics
Theoretical	Microeconomics Decision theory Price theory Game theory Contract theory Mechanism design Macroeconomics Mathematical economics Complexity economics Computational economics Agent-based computational economics Behavioral economics Pluralism in economics
Empirical	Econometrics Economic statistics Experimental economics Economic history
Applied	Agriculture Business Cultural Demographic Development Ecological Education Engineering Environmental Evolutionary Financial Geographic Happiness Health History Information Institutions Labour Law Management Organization Participation Personnel Planning Policy Public sector Public choice Social choice Regional Resources Rural Service Urban Welfare
Schools (history)	Attention Mainstream Heterodox American (National) Ancient thought Anarchist Mutualism Austrian Behavioral Buddhist Chartalism Modern monetary theory Chicago Classical Critique of political economy Democratic Disequilibrium Ecological Evolutionary Feminist Georgism Happiness Historical Humanistic Institutional Keynesian Neo- (neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis) New Post- Circuitism Malthusianism Marginalism Marxian Neo- Mercantilism Mixed Neoclassical Lausanne New classical Real business-cycle theory New institutional Physiocracy Socialist Stockholm Supply-side Thermo
Economists	de Mandeville Quesnay Smith Malthus Say Ricardo von Thünen List Bastiat Cournot Mill Gossen Marx Walras Jevons George Menger Marshall Edgeworth Clark Pareto von Böhm-Bawerk von Wieser Veblen Fisher Pigou Heckscher von Mises Schumpeter Keynes Knight Polanyi Frisch Sraffa Myrdal Hayek Kalecki Röpke Kuznets Tinbergen Robinson von Neumann Hicks Lange Leontief Galbraith Koopmans Schumacher Friedman Samuelson Simon Buchanan Arrow Baumol Solow Rothbard Greenspan Sowell Becker Ostrom Sen Lucas Stiglitz Thaler Hoppe Krugman Piketty more
Lists	Glossary Economists Publications (journals) Schools
Category Index Lists Outline Publications Business portal

Linguistics

Psychology

Cognitive science

Decision sciences

Communication sciences

Geography

Geography topics

Branches

Human	Behavioral Cognitive Critical Cultural Animal Children's Economic Agricultural Cyber Development Financial Histo-economic Labor Marketing Retail Theoretical economic Transport Language Linguistics Music Vernacular Moral Psychological Emotional Neo Sexuality Religion Food Health Historical Palaeo Imagined Internet Political Critical geopolitics Electoral Geopolitics Strategic Military Population Settlement Regional Urban Music Transport Social Tourism Tropical
Physical	Biogeography Ecology Phytogeography Zoogeography Coastal geography / Oceanography Earth science Atmospheric science / Meteorology Environmental science Climatology / Paleoclimatology / Palaeogeography Geobiology Geophysics / Geodesy Earth system science Geomorphology / Geology Glaciology Hydrology / Limnology Soil science (Pedology/Edaphology) Quaternary science
Technical	Geodesign Geodesy Geoinformatics Geographic information science Geomatics Statistical geography Spatial analysis
Integrated	Environmental social science Environmental studies Landscape architecture Landscape ecology Time geography

Techniques and tools

Quantitative	Cartography Computer cartography Web mapping Geochronology Geographic information system Distributed GIS Internet GIS Web GIS Geologic modelling Geomathematics Geostatistics Geovisualization Global Positioning System Hydrography Map algebra Participant observation Photogrammetry Remote sensing Statistical survey Surveying Land change modeling
Qualitative	Ethnography Geopoetics Interview (research) Survey (human research)

Institutions

Education

Geography education

Category
Portal
[REDACTED] Commons
WikiProject

Philosophy

Not considered a science by some thinkers, instead considered a precursor of it. Several fields of philosophy are more directly relevant to the natural and social sciences than others. These include:

Political science

Comparative politics
Game theory
Geopolitics and political geography
Ideology
Political economy
Political psychology, bureaucratic, administrative and judicial behaviour
Psephology (voting systems and electoral behaviour)

Public administration
- Public policy
- Local government studies* Supranational and intergovernmental politics
Political science of religion
International relations theory

Sociology

Applied sciences

Main article: Applied Science

Agronomy

Architecture

Architectural engineering

Architecture

Building science

Education

Engineering

Specialties
and
interdisciplinarity

Civil	Architectural Coastal Construction Earthquake Ecological Environmental Sanitary Geological Geotechnical Hydraulic Mining Municipal/urban Offshore River Structural Transportation Traffic Railway
Mechanical	Acoustic Aerospace Automotive Biomechanical Energy Manufacturing Marine Naval architecture Railway Sports Thermal Tribology
Electrical	Broadcast outline Control Electromechanics Electronics Microwaves Optical Power Radio-frequency Signal processing Telecommunications
Chemical	Biochemical/bioprocess Biological Bioresource Genetic Tissue Chemical reaction Electrochemical Food Molecular Paper Petroleum Process Reaction
Materials	Biomaterial Ceramics Corrosion Metallurgy Molecular Nanotechnology Polymers Semiconductors Surfaces
Computer	AI Computer Cybersecurity Data Networks Robotics Software

Engineering education

Health sciences

Management

By type
of organization

By focus,
within an
organization

On scope

Strategic (top-level)	Capability Capital Change Communication Financial Innovation Legal Performance Risk Systems
On component	Facility Product Product lifecycle Brand Project Construction Program