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Tyntesfield
Tyntesfield, south side
Location within Somerset
General information
Architectural style	Gothic Revival
Town or city	Wraxall
Country	England
Completed	1863

Tyntesfield is a Victorian Gothic Revival estate near Wraxall, North Somerset, England, near Nailsea, seven miles from Bristol.

The house was acquired by the National Trust in June 2002 after a fund raising campaign to prevent it being sold to private interests and ensure it be opened to the public. It was opened to visitors for the first time just 10 weeks after the acquisition and as more rooms are restored they are added to the tour. It was visited by 104,451 people in 2009, a 3.4% rise on the previous year.

History

The Gibbs family's fortunes originated in the establishment of a trading company by Antony Gibbs (1756–1815). Gibbs dealt mainly with Spain, and eventually took his two oldest sons (George Henry and William) into partnership. George Henry, always known as Henry was much involved with the Great Western Railway of which he was a Director. William and Henry's sister — Harriett — married her cousin George Gibbs of Bristol who lived at Belmont next door to Tyntesfield. He was a Bristol Directorof the Great Western Railway.It was from Belmont that William purchased Tyntesfield. After Antony's death, his sons built up a substantial trade with the former Spanish colonies in South America — Chile, Peru and Bolivia. in 1842, the year that George Henry died, John Hayne signed a contract for Antony Gibbs and Sons to import guano from Peru. After acquiring the monopoly for Britain and Europe excluding Spain and France in 1847, the firm's profits from this trade were such that William Gibbs became one of the richest men in England, and in due course was able to finance the construction between 1863 and 1865 of the Victorian Gothic Mansion of Tyntesfield as a country seat for his family.

William Gibbs purchased Tyntesfield, the original Regency-Gothic house that stood on the site, in April 1844 for £21,295. In 1863 he began the full-blown rebuilding to create the Gothic Revival extravaganza that now stands; the cost was £70,000. While the building work was going on, William Gibbs rented Mamhead Park in Devon, and the work at Tyntesfield was overseen by his nephew Henry Hucks Gibbs, who became the First Lord Aldenham. Sadly on September 1, 1864 after reporting on progress at Tyntesfield to his Uncle William at Mamhead Park, Henry Hucks shot off his right hand in a hunting accident. Between 1872 and 1875 a Chapel was built designed by Arthur William Blomfield. Notable elements of the chapel include glass by Powell with windows designed by Wooldridge, mosaics by Salviati, and ironwork by Hart, Son, Peard and Co. The architect of the Victorian Gothic Mansion was John Norton. In the Between 1887 and 1890, further alterations were made by architect Henry Woodyer.

William was married to Matilda Blanche Crawley-Boevey. They had seven children and eighteen grandchildren. The family were devout Anglicans, and William and his wife were supporters of the Oxford Movement. He was a major benefactor of Keble College Oxford.

William's grandson George served as a soldier, as the MP for Bristol West, and as Treasurer of the Household. He was Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for the Colonies the Rt Hon Walter Hume Long, MP (later Viscount Long of Wraxall). His first wife was Victoria Florence de Burgh Long, daughter of Walter Hume Long. Victoria died at Tyntesfield from influenza in 1920, and in 1927 he married secondly, Ursula Mary Lawley, daughter of Sir Arthur Lawley, and Maid of Honour to Queen Mary.

George Gibbs was elevated to the peerage as Baron Wraxall in 1928. In 1931, he was succeeded by his son from his second marriage, George Richard Gibbs, the 2nd Baron Wraxall, known as Richard, who died unmarried in July 2001. On his death, the estate was sold. Richard's brother Sir Eustace Hubert Beilby Gibbs, a retired diplomat, formerly Queen's Vice Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps, is now the third Baron Wraxall.

In World War II the U.S. Army Medical Corps established a facility for wounded soldiers known as the 74th General Hospital in the grounds.

The appeal by the National Trust collected £8.2 million from the public in just 100 days and the Trust also received the largest single grant ever by the National Heritage Memorial Fund (at £17.4 million), which caused some controversy. The National Lottery has earmarked a further £25 million for the major conservation work that is needed .

Since 2004 staff have been cataloging the contents of the house, which had been collected by the four generations of the family. By 2008 a total of 30,000 items had been listed including an unexploded Second World War bomb, a jewel-encrusted chalice, a roll of 19th-century flock wallpaper and a coconut with carved face and hair. A further 10,000 items are being catalogued and photographed.

Estate

The former "Tyntesfield Estate" no longer exists as such; The National Trust purchased only the main central part of the Estate which comprises the house, the kitchen garden, and the park and it is now simply known as Tyntesfield. The rest of Lord Wraxall's estate was broken up and sold off. One part of the former estate, Charlton Farm, is now home to Children's Hospice South West, which provides palliative care to children with terminal illnesses; while Charlton House was sold in 2002, having been since 1927 the home of the Downs School.

House

The house is built of Bath stone, and is highly picturesque, bristling with turrets and possessing an elaborate roof. The house, which includes the servants' wing and the chapel, was made a Grade II* listed building in 1973 and has since been upgraded to Grade I. Principal rooms include the library, drawing room, billiard room, dining room and chapel. Some of the ground-floor rooms and the chapel are currently open to the public. Restoration work is under way on the remainder of the house, which will gradually be opened to visitors as the work is completed.

Kitchen garden

The kitchen garden includes glasshouses and frames, a large classical orangery and quarters for the gardeners. The orangery has been designated as a Grade II* listed building and is included in the Buildings at Risk Register produced by English Heritage.

Park

The wooded park leads down a tree-lined drive to balustraded terraces, and paths lead to the rose garden, summer houses, the aviary and a lake (empty).

Aviary

The aviary at Tyntesfield is a Grade II listed building and is situated west of the house which is adjacent to the footings of the old conservatory. It was built in 1880 to house exotic birds but was later converted to a playhouse for the late Lord Wraxall's daughter, Doreen. It is thought to be one of the most distinctive features of the estate.

See also

• List of Grade I listed buildings in North Somerset

References

1. "Visits made in 2009". Association of Leading Visitor Attractions. Retrieved 17 May 2010.
2. ^ David J. Hogg. Diaries of Tyntesfield. David J. Hogg=2009. p. 340. ISBN 9780955445736.
3. Oxford DNB: Antony Gibbs
4. David J. Hogg. My Dear Uncle William, Tyntesfield Letters. David J. Hogg=2011. p. 436. ISBN 9780955445729.
5. Fertile Fortune: The Story of Tyntesfield By James Miller. National Trust Books, 2006
6. Wakefield, Ken (1994). Operation Bolero: The Americans in Bristol and the West Country 1942-45. Crecy Books. p. 101. ISBN 0-947554-51-3.
7. ^ Siddique, Haroon (5 August 2008). "Bombs, bears and a carved coconut: inside a neo-Gothic treasure trove". The Guardian. p. 8. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
8. "Servants' wing and chapel". Images of England. Retrieved 18 July 2007.
9. "Tyntesfield estate". National Trust. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
10. "South West England" (PDF). Heritage at Risk. English Heritage. p. 177. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
11. "Aviary immediateley north west of Tyntesfield House". Heritage Gateway. English Heritage. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
12. "Twittering 1880s style at Tyntesfield estate". Bristol Evening Post. Retrieved 27 April 2011.

External links

[REDACTED] Media related to Tyntesfield at Wikimedia Commons

• Tyntesfield information at the National Trust
• Tyntesfield photographic/panoramic tour from the BBC
• Stonemasons working at Tyntesfield

• Use dmy dates from December 2011
• Gothic Revival architecture in Somerset
• Grade I listed buildings in Somerset
• National Trust properties in Somerset
• Historic house museums in Somerset
• Houses completed in 1863
• Listed buildings at risk in Somerset
• Country houses in Somerset