Misplaced Pages

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Adabow (talk | contribs) at 22:40, 4 October 2013 (→General elections). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

British National Party
Chairman	Nick Griffin MEP
Founded	1982
Headquarters	PO Box 14 Welshpool SY21 0WE
Newspaper	Voice of Freedom
Youth wing	Resistance (YBNP)
Membership (Dec 2012)	4,872
Ideology	Fascism Right-wing populism White nationalism Euroscepticism
Political position	Far-right
European affiliation	Alliance of European National Movements
European Parliament group	Non-Inscrits
Colours	Red, white and blue
House of Commons	0 / 650
European Parliament	1 / 72
Local government	2 / 21,871
Website
www.bnp.org.uk
Politics of the United Kingdom Political parties Elections

The British National Party (BNP) is a far-right political party in the United Kingdom. Formed as a splinter group from the National Front by John Tyndall in 1982, since 1999 it has been led by Nick Griffin. The BNP party platform is centred on the advocacy of "voluntary resettlement whereby immigrants and their descendants are afforded the opportunity to return to their lands of ethnic origin." As well as anti-immigration rhetoric, the party advocates the reintroduction of capital punishment, and opposes same-sex marriage, and what it perceives as the Islamification of the UK.

The party's ideology has been described as fascist by political scientists and commentators, but the party formally denies this label. High-profile groups and people including The Royal British Legion and David Cameron have criticised the BNP, and BNP membership is prohibited for people of certain occupations. It restricted membership to "indigenous British" people until a 2010 legal challenge to its constitution.

The BNP finished fifth in the 2008 London mayoral election with 5.2% of the vote, winning a seat in the London Assembly. In 2009 it won its first county council seats and two seats in the European Parliament, with leader Nick Griffin and Andrew Brons being elected as Members of the European Parliament (MEP) in the North West and Yorkshire and Humber regions. Brons resigned from the BNP in 2011. During the 2010 General Election, the BNP received 1.9% of the vote and failed to win any seats. According to the BNP's statement of accounts in December 2012, its membership was 4872, compared to over 12,000 in 2009. A number of breakaway parties have been formed from former BNP members.

History

Foundation: 1982

The British National Party was founded in 1982 following a split within the far right National Front (NF) two years before. After a poor showing at the 1979 general election, internal factional division heightened within the NF, culminating in chairman John Tyndall leaving the party in 1980, and founding the New National Front (NNF), which became the BNP two years later.

Tyndall's new BNP absorbed the membership of the British Democratic Party, a small British nationalist party led by Anthony Reed Herbert which was attempting to distance itself from neo-nazism, and which had itself earlier split from the NF. Also joining were members of the Constitutional Movement, another NF splinter group who had distanced themselves from fascism and violent subcultures such as football hooliganism. However, despite Tyndall's attempt to distance the BNP from fascism, several individuals of the disintegrating British Movement were allowed to join.

Early years: 1983–1990

In 1983, Tyndall sought to make an electoral impact by fielding 53 candidates in the 1983 general election, which guaranteed a free party broadcast, but all of the BNP's candidates combined – including Tyndall and his wife Valerie – achieved only 14,621 votes and as a result they lost all of their deposits. It was revealed afterwards that the BNP Deputy Chairman Ray Hill had been working as a mole on behalf of the anti-fascist magazine Searchlight.

Tyndall attempted to distance the party from neo-nazism and the skinhead subculture, claiming that the party's more moderate image attracted 3,000 enquiries for membership after the 1983 general election. However, despite an increase in membership and media exposure, the BNP continued to poll very low in council elections, ranging from 1 - 3%, the sole exception being a council by-election in Sunderland in 1984, where the party polled 11.7%.

In 1986, Tyndall and John Morse were imprisoned for inciting racial hatred. While Tyndall was imprisoned, the party ceased its electoral activity; only one candidate stood in the London Borough council elections. While Tyndall and Morse served short 4-month prison sentences, membership of the party had shrunk, and with little financial income, Tyndall decided not to stand candidates in the 1987 general election. In 1989, the BNP had 800 members.

Gains at local level, 1990s

The decline of the National Front, which had split into further factions, caused an increase in support and membership for the BNP. Around this time, the party also saw a popularity growth in east London and relocated its bookshop to a heavily fortified headquarters at Welling. At the 1992 general election, Tyndall and Jane Birdwood were noted candidates who unsuccessfully stood for election. John Tyndall also succeeded in retaining his deposit at a parliamentary by-election at Dagenham in June 1994, a first ever for the BNP.

In 1994, in the aftermath of losing its first locall council seat, the British National Party clashed with paramilitary organisation, Combat 18. That same year, the BNP proscribed membership of the group and claimed it had been infiltrated by MI5. In September 1995, Tyndall maintained that in response to the BNP's victory in Millwall, Combat 18 had been 'created' by the State security services in order to wreck the BNP and its electoral support. Political opponents claimed that "racist incidents" occurred around the BNP's headquarters and instigated a "close down the BNP" march in October 1993. Thousands of people attended the demonstration, for which 2,600 police officers were deployed. In 1995, Bexley Council shut down the BNP headquarters. The same year, relations were built up with William Luther Pierce's US-based National Alliance.

In August 1995 Tyndall committed the party to contesting 50 seats at the next general election. However the party was in a poor state, as the membership had dropped to 700 and there was an on-going conflict with Combat 18. The party attempted to further modernise its image for the upcoming 1997 general election. Nick Griffin joined the party in 1995, having led a faction of the National Front and Tyndall employed him to edit Spearhead. Griffin believed the British National Party needed to be further modernised, with no fascist connections, but through a forthright commitment to what he regarded as historical revisionism. The party managed to save two deposits in this election, Tyndall with 7.26 per cent and Dave King with 7.5 per cent, in the East End of London and Canning Town.

Following the 1997 general election, the BNP once again suffered a setback. At local elections in May 1998, the BNP fielded five more candidates than in 1994 but its average vote fell from just over 13% to a derisory 3.28%. In Tower Hamlets, its average share of the poll slumped by almost half. At the end of 1998, membership stood at 1,100.

Griffin leadership, identity nationalism

In October 1999, Nick Griffin, supported by Tony Lecomber, stood against Tyndall for leadership of the BNP. John Tyndall received just 411 (30%) of the votes, while Griffin the majority. After Griffin won he began modernising the party's image, though the crucial policy change from compulsory to voluntary repatriation had already been accomplished under Tyndall's leadership. A new monthly newspaper, The Voice of Freedom, was initiated, as well as a journal, Identity.

During the 2001 general election, following the milltown riots, Oldham and Burnley polled highest for the BNP. Following 9/11 the BNP made further political capital.

At local level, the BNP continued to improve on its electoral results in 2002—03, gaining council seats in Blackburn, Calderdale and Burnley, despite an extensive opposition campaign. This success led to a large number of the National Democrats party, including Simon Darby and Martin Wingfield defecting to the British National Party from 1999 to 2003. After the 2004 elections, the BBC and Searchlight created a documentary called The Secret Agent, featuring Jason Gwynne infiltrating the BNP. In it, Griffin and Mark Collett made comments critical of Islam. Following the documentary, Barclays Bank froze the party's accounts. Collett and Griffin were acquitted on charges of incitement to racial hatred in 2006. The BNP branded the BBC "cockroaches". Following the 7/7 bombings in London, the BNP released fliers with the slogan; "maybe now it's time to start listening to the BNP". Griffin claimed that this was the "cost of voting Labour", attacking the government for bringing the United Kingdom into an "illegal" Iraq War and for its immigration policies. Large gains were made in the 2006 local elections, where the BNP more than doubled its number of councillors and became the second party on the Barking and Dagenham council.

In December 2006, it was revealed that a Guardian journalist, Ian Cobain, had worked undercover in the BNP for seven months, becoming the party's central London organiser. Among the accusations made by the paper was that the BNP used "techniques of secrecy and deception ... in its attempt to conceal its activities and intentions from the public". It asserted that the BNP operated with a "network of false identities" and organised rendezvous points to allow members to be directed to "clandestine meetings". Party members were directed to avoid "any racist or anti-semitic language in public". Cobain also claimed that the membership in central London had expanded beyond the party's traditional range, now including "dozens of company directors, computing entrepreneurs, bankers and estate agents, and a handful of teachers". The BNP was investigated by the Electoral Commission in 2007, after The Guardian revealed that it had set up a front organisation to raise money from sympathisers in the United States.

The constitution of the BNP has been criticised by members for giving far too much power to the chairman and for not being easily accessible by the membership. In 2007, a leadership challenge by Christian (Chris) Jackson succeeded in forcing an election, but Griffin retained the role.

BNP candidate Richard Barnbrook won a seat in the London Assembly in 2008, after the party gained 5.3% of the London-wide vote.

Electoral breakthrough, European Parliament

In the 2009 European elections the British National Party won two seats in the European Parliament and received 6.26% nationally. Griffin stated that it was "a great victory ... we go on from here." Meanwhile, the Labour and Conservative parties both referred to it as a "sad moment". In local elections held the same day, the BNP also won its first three county council seats in Lancashire, Leicestershire and Hertfordshire. The breakthrough of the British National Party in the 2009 European elections was widely reported throughout Britain by the media. Matthew Goodwin in his article "The BNP's breakthrough", notes that the British National Party was able to capitalise on widespread public anxiety over immigration. Also in light of the United Kingdom Parliamentary expenses scandal, there was media speculation that the BNP could do well in the polls, as voters sought an alternative party to register their protest. Nick Griffin claimed that the success of the British National Party was down to its modernisation, having kept things "simple" and ditched the fringe in the movement who were concerned with "... genetics, Zionism and historical revisionism". He also claimed the party's success was down to the fact the mainstream parties in Britain never discussed immigration, while the British National Party openly did and were not scared to do so:

"The Labour Party, the Lib Dems and the Tories, by leaving the door to Britain open, has forced people to turn to a party which speaks openly about the problem of immigration."

At the end of 2009, the party's membership was 12,632, its highest. It also had set up BNPtv, its own online video outlet, a student wing (Student BNP) and the Young BNP (British Nationalist Youth Movement). The party's financial resources had also increased from £726,455 (in 2006) to £1,983,947.

In 2009, Nick Griffin appeared on the BBC's Question Time, amid significant public controversy.

2010 General Election, leadership challenge

The British National Party in the 2010 General Election fielded a record 338 candidates, polling 563,743 votes, but won no seats. Nick Griffin came third in the Barking constituency, where the party the same year in the local elections lost all of its 12 councillors it held on the borough. In total, 26 BNP councillors lost their seats, leaving the party with 28 seats overall. In aftermath of the elections, the party further suffered from infighting over concerns over the finances and leadership of the party. However the British National Party's campaign during the 2010 General Election already had been beset by problems before the results, as publicity director Mark Collett was arrested on suspicion of threatening to kill Nick Griffin. A day prior to the General Election, the BNP official website was also closed and replaced with a posting from its Simon Bennett, the party's website manager, accusing Griffin and James Dowson, the BNP election fundraiser, of being "pathetic, desperate and incompetent". Membership of the party also declined after the General Election.

Nick Griffin announced that he would step down as leader in 2013. Three senior BNP members subsequently challenged Griffin for the leadership of the party. Having failed to secure enough support to trigger a leadership ballot, both Eddy Butler and Richard Barnbrook were expelled from the party some months later.

2011 Leadership election

Following disappointing election results in 2011, and a General Members Meeting which did away with the virtually insurmountable nominations' requirement for a leadership election, a leadership election took place in 2011. Griffin was challenged by fellow MEP Andrew Brons. Griffin secured a narrow victory, beating Brons by nine votes out of a total of 2,316 votes cast. In October 2012, Brons left the party, leaving Griffin as its sole MEP.

Structure

The chairman of the BNP has final say in all policy matters. 15 further members of the party leadership have responsibility for various areas of its operations. These executive positions work alongside an Advisory Council, the party's senior policy body, which meets at least three times a year. Its role is to "inspect the party's accounts, ensuring proper conduct of the party's finances, and to act as a forum for the party's leadership to discuss vital issues and carve out the party's agenda".

The party is organised around 12 regions, based upon the UK European Parliament constituencies, each with an organiser. The party also organises four groups that deal with specific areas of activity–Land and People (rural affairs), Pensioners' Awareness Group, the Friends of European Nationalism (a New Zealand-based organisation) and the Ethnic Liaison Committee, which co-ordinates work with non-whites.

Policies

Political tendency

It has been claimed that the BNP has, since its foundation, been fascist. The party's predecessor, the NF, was overtly fascist, incorporating British nationalism, racism, and antisemitism into its core ideology. This ideology was taken up by the newly formed BNP, whose founder, John Tyndall, proclaimed: "Mein Kampf is my bible". Piero Ignazi has said that the "proto-Nazi" mould of the NF, and the "generalised nostalgia for all sorts of fascist tendencies" and association with "foreign ideologies", which continued under the BNP, accounted for the lack of success for both parties in comparison to successful far-right parties in Europe, which disavowed traditional fascism.

The Daily Mirror has described the party's MEPs as "vile prophets who preach a Nazi-style doctrine of racial hatred". An editorial in The Guardian characterises the BNP as "a racist organisation with a fascist pedigree". According to David Cameron: "If you vote for the BNP you are voting for a bunch of fascists ... They dress up in a suit and knock on your door in a nice way but they are still Nazi thugs." Former Home Secretary Alan Johnson said: "These people believe in the things that the fascists believed in the second world war, they believe in what the National Front believe in. They believe in the purity of the Aryan race. It is a foul and despicable party and however they change their constitution they will remain foul and despicable."

The BNP denies that it is fascist and claims that opposition parties are trying to "prevent freedom of speech". Griffin has said that such accusations are "a smear that comes from the far left." He has also said that "he actually 'detested' fascism".

Political scientists see the party as fascist and say that it has attempted to hide its true nature in order to attract popular support. Nigel Copsey examined the party's 2005 General Election manifesto Rebuilding British Democracy and concluded that it was a recalibration of fascism rather than a fundamental break with it. Historian Richard Overy has said that "Fascism with a capital F" was strictly a movement of the past. According to David Stevenson, "the BNP is different in style and structure from fascism in the 1930s" saying that although they do not wear uniforms they still count "bully boys" among their membership. It has also been suggested that the BNP represents a hybrid movement containing elements of Neo-fascism and anti-immigrant themes.

Economic policy

The economic policy of the party has developed over time. In the 1990s, the party reflected protectionism and economic nationalism, although in comparison with other radical nationalist parties, the BNP focuses less on corporatism. It has called for British ownership of its own industries and resources and the "subordination of the power of the City to the power of the government". It has promoted the regeneration of farming in the United Kingdom, with the object of achieving maximum self-sufficiency in food production. It has advocated ending overseas aid in order to provide aid within the UK and to finance the repatriation of immigrants. In 2002, the party criticised corporatism as a "mixture of big capitalism and state control", saying it favoured a "distributionist tradition established by home-grown thinkers" favouring small business. In its 2005 manifesto, the BNP opposed "globalism, international socialism, laissez-faire capitalism and economic liberalism". The BNP rejects the notion of Thatcherism and "submitting to the dictates of the international marketplace" which "has no loyalty to this country". The BNP has claimed that it is possible for a national economy to thrive outside of the laissez-faire model, pointing to 21st century examples such as Japan, South Korea and Singapore. The BNP claims that, while immigration increases the aggregate GNP by providing cheap labour, it decreases the per-capita GNP, which the BNP claims is most representative of the economic well-being of British people.

Central to the BNP's economic policies are greater share ownership and the establishment of worker co-operatives. The party advocates the provision of extra resources for "especially gifted children" and the reversal of closures of special needs schools.

In the BNP 2010 Manifesto (pp. 8–10) some of their key economic policies are summed up as follows:

• The BNP will forbid the development and importation of genetically modified produce.
• The BNP will ensure that globalist corporations pay their fair share of the tax burden.
• A BNP government would tackle the national debt problem by cutting expenditure on all projects which they think do not serve British interests.

European Union

The British National Party are Eurosceptics, who wish to move towards a greater national self-sufficiency. According to the BNP 2010 Manifesto (p. 27): "The BNP demands an immediate withdrawal from the European Union, which is an organisation dedicated to usurping British sovereignty and to destroying our nationhood and national identity".

Social and cultural policy

Some key social and cultural policies of the British National Party are summed up below from its most recent manifesto:

• The BNP will oppose the intrusion of non-British and alien cultural influences which undermine our traditional value systems.
• The BNP will enact legislation to ensure that pensions are eligible only to Britons and those who have fully paid into the system.
• The BNP will introduce a new Bill of Rights which will guarantee certain basic civil liberties.
• The BNP will encourage the teaching of British history, culture and traditions at schools.
• The BNP will ensure that the National Health Service is used to serve British people and not used as an International Health Service.
• The BNP will repeal the 1998 Human Rights Act and withdraw from the European Convention on Human Rights.
• The BNP will ensure that appropriate areas of public life, including school assemblies, are based on a commitment to the values of traditional Western Christianity, as a benchmark for a decent and civilised society.

In 2005 the BNP proposed to reintroduce compulsory National Service for the young and proposed that men should keep a rifle and ammunition in their homes. In its 2010 Manifesto, the BNP expanded on its policy of National Service, claiming the youths who take National Service would subsequently be funded for their university or further education.

A further BNP policy is "to end the conflict in Ireland by welcoming Eire [sic] as well as Ulster as equal partners in a federation of the nations of the British Isles".

Crime

The BNP advocates capital punishment for "drug dealers, child murderers, multiple murderers, murderers of policemen on duty and terrorists where guilt is proven beyond all doubt". Other key BNP policies on crime include:

• The BNP will abolish political correctness from the police service in favour of real crime fighting.
• The BNP will establish a penal station for hardened and repeat criminals on the British island of South Georgia.
• The BNP will reintroduce the right of householders to defend themselves and their property using whatever means they deem necessary.

Immigration

Since its formation the British National Party has staunchly opposed immigration. The BNP argues that: "To ensure that we do not become a minority in our own homeland, and that the native British peoples of our Islands retain their culture and identity, we call for an immediate halt to all further immigration." Under the leadership of John Tyndall the party advocated total repatriation for all ethnic minorities. When Nick Griffin became chairman in 1999, the BNP changed their total repatriation policy to only voluntary, a key policy which remains to date, offering financial "incentives for immigrants and their descendants to return home." The party maintains that ethnic minorities legally in Britain are entitled to stay as long as they always remain the minority population demographically:

In their 2010 Manifesto the BNP argues that Islamic immigration must be "halted and reversed as it presents one of the most deadly threats yet to the survival of our nation". Furthermore their policy is also to "deport all foreigners convicted of crimes in Britain, regardless of their immigration status" as well as deport illegal immigrants and "reject all asylum seekers who passed safe countries on their way to Britain".

British Army immigrant issue

It has been claimed that the BNP is opposed to allowing British Army Gurkhas the right of settlement in the United Kingdom. In 2009, Nick Griffin said: "We don't think the most overcrowded country in Europe, can realistically say, 'Look, you can all come and all your relatives'... When the Gurkhas signed up—frankly as mercenaries—they expected a pension which would allow them to live well in their own country". Later, he said that if he could swap "100,000 members of the Muslim community, who say that they support al Qaeda" for the Gurkhas it "would be a good exchange". Nick Griffin has described the commentary about his party's polices on the Gurkhas as "lies", stating the party has "never before even debated this issue". He added, "... A BNP government would look far more sympathetically on the plight of the Gurkhas than the current Labour government."

On 17 May 2009, The Daily Telegraph wrote that the BNP's leader, Nick Griffin, had branded Lance Corporal Johnson Beharry, a black recipient of the Victoria Cross, an "immigrant" whose bravery was simply "routine". The Telegraph quoted the BNP website as calling Beharry's award of the Victoria Cross "positive discrimination by the PC-mad government". Beharry was awarded the Victoria Cross in 2005 for action in Iraq, when he returned to his burning armoured personnel carrier three times, under sustained enemy fire, to lift his wounded comrades from the vehicle. The BNP claimed: "All he did was drive away very fast from a combat zone."

Race

During the leadership of Tyndall, the party firmly supported white nationalism and the BNP 1997 Manifesto thus called for Britain to be made "once again a white country" through a total repatriation programme for all ethnic minorities. The BNP's 1992 General Election manifesto said that the party had "no quarrel with the ordinary Jew who goes about his own business and does not attempt to influence national affairs in the interests of his racial group", but was opposed to Jewish people "whose activities in pursuit of the interests of their own co-racialists here and around the world can sometimes bring them into conflict with British interests". In 1990, the BNP under Tyndall was described by the European Parliament's committee on racism and xenophobia as an "openly Nazi party ..." In 1993, the party's deputy leader Richard Edmonds said, "We are 100 per cent racist". However, under the leadership of Nick Griffin, from 1999, the party began to radically change its stance on race issues. Writing in the party's newspaper, The Voice of Freedom, Nick Griffin wrote an article entitled "The BNP and Race" in 2001 to clarify that the "The BNP is no longer a genuine White Racial Nationalist party" and that:

"The BNP is not a 'race supremacist' party. The BNP does not claim that any one race is superior to any other, simply that they are different. The party merely wishes to preserve those differences which make up the rich tapestry of human kind ... to protect and preserve the racial and cultural integrity of the British people – and of others too – the party believes in separation ... To sum up, the BNP is fighting for the very right to exist of not just the British but of all peoples."

The BNP under Griffin espouses "ethno-nationalism" based on "concern for the well-being of the English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish ethnic nations that compose the United Kingdom". According to Griffin, regarding the BNP's racial views in 2004: "we don't hate black people, we don't hate asians, we don't oppose any ethnic group for what God made them, they have a right to their own identity as such as we do, all we want to do is to preserve the ethnic and cultural identity of the British people." Scholars of political science have noted this change in racial ideology and consider it to be ethnopluralism or 'differentialism' (racial realism), influenced by the European New Right. Speaking on the BBC's Andrew Marr Show in 2009, Nick Griffin declared that the BNP "does not want all-white UK" because "Nobody out there wants it or would pay for it" and that the claims he was a fascist were smears.

In 2010, following legal action by the Equality and Human Rights Commission, the party changed its constitution which had restricted membership to "indigenous British" people.

The party has stated that it does not oppose the Jewish, Hindu or Sikh religions but does not accept practising Sikhs or Hindus as ethnically British since they are not indigenous. The BNP sums up its views on non-indigenous British as follows:

• The British National Party ... recognises pro-British members of assimilated minorities as British in a civic sense, and welcomes their contribution to our fight for fair play for, and the future survival of, the indigenous peoples of these islands.
• But we absolutely reject the poisonous, Politically Correct, anti-indigenous fiction that they are English, or Scottish, or Welsh, or Irish. They may well be very decent people, but if any of us went to Nigeria or Afghanistan, no-one would dream of pretending that we were Nigerians or Afghans.

The BNP is opposed to mixed-race relationships because "when whites take partners from other ethnic groups, a white family line that stretches back into deep pre-history is destroyed." Nick Griffin has also stated: "... while the BNP is not racist, it must not become multi-racist either. Our fundamental determination to secure a future for white children is restated, and an area of uncertainty is addressed and a position which is both principled and politically realistic is firmly established. We don't hate anyone, especially the mixed race children who are the most tragic victims of enforced multi-racism, but that does not mean that we accept miscegenation as moral or normal. We do not and we never will."

The BNP supported University of Leeds lecturer Dr. Frank Ellis, who was suspended after stating that the Bell Curve theory "has demonstrated to me beyond any reasonable doubt there is a persistent gap in average black and white average intelligence". Ellis called the BNP "a bit too socialist" for his liking and described himself as "an unrepentant Powellite" who would support "humane" repatriation.

Support from ethnic minorities

The BNP under Griffin's leadership has worked with extremists from the Sikh and Hindu communities on anti-Muslim campaigns from 2001 and has also actively tried to win Jewish votes. When the party changed its constitution on membership which allowed ethnic minorities to join, a 78-year-old Sikh, Rajinder Singh, became the first Asian member. In 2010, Reverend James Gitau joined the BNP and became its first black member claiming he only joined because it "was the only party that boldly speaks against sodomy in public"; however, he left the party a week later when he was not nominated to stand for Croydon Central and instead joined and stood as a Christian Party candidate.

The BNP has also fielded a small number of ethnic minority candidates and claims it has an elected "Jewish" councillor, Patricia Richardson. Formerly, the party also had a half-Turkish Cypriot, half-English councillor, Lawrence Rustem. In 2006, Sharif Abdel Gawad, partly Armenian and Greek, was chosen as a council candidate in Bradford.

Criticism of Islam

The party states that it "has moved on in recent years, casting off the leg-irons of conspiracy theories and the thinly veiled anti-semitism which has held this party back for two decades. The real enemies of the British people are home grown Anglo-Saxon Celtic liberal-leftists ... and the Crescent Horde—the endless wave of Islamics who are flocking to our shores to bring our island nations into the embrace of their barbaric desert religion".

Consequently, the party has shifted allegiance in conflicts involving Israel. In 2009, Griffin stated: "I have brought the British National party from the frankly an anti-semitic and racist organisation, into the only party which in the clashes between Israel and Gaza supported Israel's right to deal with Hamas terrorists."

Griffin has said that this shift in emphasis is designed to increase the party's appeal: "We should be positioning ourselves to take advantage for our own political ends of the growing wave of public hostility to Islam currently being whipped up by the mass media".

The party summarized its position on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by stating that "the BNP supports the right of Israel to be Jewish. This ethno-nationalist concept is at the heart of the party’s desire to keep Britain British. The BNP also supports the rights of the Palestinians to their own state, and argues that a two-state solution is the only obvious, fair and reasonable solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict."

Family

The British National Party promotes familialism and supports the nuclear family of Western tradition, as well as favouring traditional gender roles for women and men. The 1992 BNP Manifesto thus asserts their belief that although women and men should be treated equal, women should "regard home-and family-making as the highest vocation for their sex" before their jobs or career. In September 2011, scholar Matthew Goodwin, an expert in electoral behaviour at the University of Nottingham has claimed in an article that: "particular members of the BNP" feel as though there has been a "substantial decline in family values" under the leadership of the Labour, Conservative and Liberal Democrat parties.

The BNP 2010 Manifesto also declares their wish to promote traditional concepts of civility and courteousness in schools.

Opposition to abortion

The BNP wish to "encourage a responsible approach to family life, and to reverse the dangerous downturn in the birth rate". The BNP opposes abortion and, in 2007, worked on a campaign with the UK Life League, an anti-abortion lobby group.

Opposition to homosexuality

The BNP is opposed to civil partnerships and wishes to ban what it perceives as the promotion of homosexuality in schools and the media. It proposes that homosexuality should be returned "to the closet". BNP spokesman Phil Edwards stated that homosexuality "is unnatural" and "does not lead to procreation but does lead to moral turpitude and disease".

The BNP was criticised over a web article titled, "Liars, buggers and thieves", which grouped several gay politicians in with convicted murderers, rapists and paedophiles. The author, BNP councillor Julian Leppert, wrote: “A favourite trick of liberal-leftwing interviewers... is to start banging on about ‘BNP criminals’. “Well this really isn’t a very honest thing to do when not mentioning the fact that a very small number of BNP criminal records... need to be put into the context of the far worse, more numerous and more recent crimes of many members of the old parties.” Mr Leppert told PinkNews that the gay MPs were included because: “It fits in with the headline, the bugger part, I guess.".

In 2009 Nick Griffin said that: "a lot of people find the sight of two grown men kissing in public really creepy. I understand that homosexuals don't understand that but that's how a lot of us feel."

Electoral performance

The BNP has contested seats in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Research from Robert Ford and Matthew Goodwin shows that BNP support is concentrated among older and less educated working-class men living in the declining industrial towns of the North and Midlands regions, in contrast to previous significant far-right parties like the National Front, which drew support from a younger demographic.

General elections

The British National Party has contested general elections since 1983.

The BNP in the 2001 general election saved 5 deposits (out of 33 contested seats) and secured its best ever general election result in Oldham West and Royton (which had recently been the scene of racially motivated rioting between white and Asian youths) where party leader Nick Griffin secured 16% of the vote.

The 2005 general election was considered a major breakthrough by the BNP, as they picked up 192,746 votes in the 119 constituencies it contested, took a 0.7% share of the overall vote, and retained a deposit in 40 of the seats.

The BNP put forward candidates for 338 out of 650 seats for the 2010 General Election gaining 563,743 votes (1.9%), finishing in fifth place and failing to win any seats. However, a record of 73 deposits were saved. Party chairman Nick Griffin came third in the Barking constituency, behind Margaret Hodge of Labour and Simon Marcus of the Conservatives, who were first and second respectively. At 14.6%, this was the BNP's best result in any of the seats it contested that year.

Local elections

The BNP's first electoral success came in 1993, when Derek Beackon was returned as a councillor in Millwall, London. He lost his seat in elections the following year. The next BNP success in local elections was not until the 2002 local elections, when three BNP candidates gained seats on Burnley council.

The party had 55 councillors for a time in 2009. After the 2013 local county council elections, the BNP was left with a total of two borough councillors in England:

London Assembly and Mayor

BNP lead candidate Richard Barnbrook won a seat in the London Assembly in May 2008, after the party gained 5.3% of the London-wide vote. However, in August 2010, he resigned the party whip and became an independent.

European Parliament

The BNP has taken part in European Parliament elections since 1999, when they received 1.13% of the total vote (102,647 votes).

In the 2004 elections to the European Parliament, the BNP won 4.9% of the vote, making it the sixth biggest party overall, but did not win any seats.

The BNP won two seats in the European Parliament in the 2009 elections. Andrew Brons was elected in the Yorkshire and the Humber regional constituency with 9.8% of the vote. Party chairman Nick Griffin was elected in the North West region, with 8% of the vote. Nationally, the BNP received 6.26%.

Welsh Assembly

In the 2007 Welsh Assembly elections, the BNP fielded 20 candidates, four in each of the five regional lists, with Nick Griffin standing in the South Wales West region. It did not win any seats, but was the only minor party to have saved deposits in the electoral regions, one in the North Wales region and the other in the South Wales West region. In total the BNP polled 42,197 votes (4.3%).

In the 2011 Welsh Assembly elections, the BNP fielded 20 candidates, four in each of the five regional lists and for the first time 7 candidates were fielded in FPTP constituencies. On the regional lists, the BNP polled 22,610 votes (2.4%), down 1.9% from 2007. In 2 out of the 7 FPTP constituencies contested the BNP saved desposits: (Swansea East and Islwyn).

Scottish Parliament

In the 2007 Scottish Parliament election, the party fielded 32 candidates, entitling it to public funding and an election broadcast, prompting criticism. The BNP received 24,616 votes (1.2%), no seats were won, nor were any deposits saved.

In the 2011 Scottish Parliament election, the BNP fielded 32 candidates in the regional lists. 15,580 votes were polled (0.78%).

Northern Ireland Assembly

The BNP fielded 3 candidates for the first time in three constituencies each in the 2011 Northern Ireland Legislative Assembly elections (Belfast East, East Antrim and South Antrim). 1,252 votes were polled (0.2%), winning no seats for the party.

Legal issues

Claims of repression of free speech

The BNP says that NUJ guidelines on reporting 'far right' organisations forbid unionised journalists from reporting uncritically on the party. In April 2007, an election broadcast was cancelled by BBC Radio Wales whose lawyers believed that the broadcast was defamatory of the Chief Constable of North Wales Police, Richard Brunstrom. The BNP claimed that BBC editors were following an agenda.

Employment cases and related controversies

In ASLEF v. United Kingdom, the European Court of Human Rights overturned an employment appeal tribunal ruling that awarded BNP member and train driver Jay Lee damages for expulsion from a trade union. It found that the union was entitled to decide who could be a member, and that the UK was in breach of the European Convention on Human Rights in the way it had treated ASLEF.

Arthur Redfearn was a bus driver whose BNP membership was unknown to his employer, Serco, until he was elected as a councillor. His employer was concerned that he might endanger its contract with a local authority to transport vulnerable people of various ethnicities from a day centre and he was dismissed. The Employment Tribunal held that members of racist organisations could lawfully be dismissed on health and safety grounds if there was a danger of violence occurring in the workplace. In November 2012, the European Court of Human Rights made a majority ruling (4 to 3) that in Redfearn's case against the UK government, his rights under Article 11 (free association) had been infringed, but not those under Article 10 (free expression) or Article 14 (discrimination).

Organisations which ban BNP membership

Police

Membership of the BNP, Combat 18 and the National Front by police officers and staff was prohibited by then Home Secretary David Blunkett following an undercover TV exposure of racism in a police training centre. The Association of Chief Police Officers banned serving police officers joining the BNP in 2004. Despite this, Simon Darby has claimed that the BNP still has members who remain covert. Manchester Police Authority has viewed footage taken at BNP events in order to identify off-duty officers in attendance at a BNP St George's Day rally, wearing BNP badges and T-shirts, with the slogan "Love Britain or Fuck Off". After BNP membership lists were leaked on the Internet, a number of police forces investigated officers whose names appeared on the lists.

Prison Service

A ban on BNP membership for prison workers was imposed by Martin Narey, Director of the Prison Service, in 2002. Narey told the BBC that he received hate mail and a death threat as a result.

The General Synod of the Church of England

In February 2009, the General Synod of the Church of England voted to ban its clergy from joining the BNP.

Teaching

In 2010 Education Secretary Michael Gove pledged to allow head teachers to dismiss employees who are members of the BNP, saying that " "I don't believe that membership of the BNP is compatible with being a teacher... allow headteachers and governing bodies the powers and confidence to be able to dismiss teachers engaging in extremist activity."

Association with violence

John Hagan claims that the BNP has conducted right-wing extremist violence in order to gain "institutionalized power". Critics of the BNP, such as Human Rights Watch in a 1997 report, have asserted that the party recruits from skinhead groups and that it promotes racist violence.

In the past, Nick Griffin has defended the threat of violence to further the party's aims. In 1986, when Griffin was Deputy Chairman of the NF, he advised his audience at an anti-IRA rally to use the "traditional British methods of the brick, the boot and the fist." After the BNP won its first council seat in 1993, he wrote that the BNP should not be a "postmodernist rightist party" but "a strong, disciplined organisation with the ability to back up its slogan 'Defend Rights for Whites' with well-directed boots and fists. When the crunch comes, power is the product of force and will, not of rational debate". In 1997 he said: "It is more important to control the streets of a city than its council chambers."

A BBC Panorama programme reported on a number of BNP members who have had criminal convictions, some racially motivated. Some of the more notable convictions include:

• John Tyndall had convictions for assault and organising paramilitary neo-Nazi activities. In 1986 he was jailed for conspiracy to publish material likely to incite racial hatred.
• In 1998, Nick Griffin was convicted of violating section 19 of the Public Order Act 1986, relating to incitement to racial hatred. He received a nine-month prison sentence, suspended for two years, and was fined £2,300.
• Joseph Owens served eight months in prison for sending razor blades in the post to Jewish people and another term for carrying CS gas and knuckledusters.
• Colin Smith, who in 2004 was the BNP's South East London organiser, has 17 convictions for burglary, theft, possession of drugs and assaulting a police officer.
• Richard Edmonds, at the time BNP National Organiser, was sentenced to three months in prison in 1994 for his part in a racist attack. Edmonds threw a glass at the victim as he was walking past an East London pub where a group of BNP supporters was drinking. Others then 'glassed' the man in the face and punched and kicked him as he lay on the ground, including BNP supporter Stephen O'Shea, who was jailed for 12 months. Another BNP supporter, Simon Biggs, was jailed for four and a half years for his part in the attack.

Tony Lecomber cases

Tony Lecomber was imprisoned for three years for possessing explosives, after a nail bomb exploded while he was carrying it to the offices of the Workers' Revolutionary Party in 1985. He was imprisoned for three years in 1991 whilst serving as the BNP's Director of Propaganda for assaulting a Jewish teacher.

Robert Cottage case

In 2007, Robert Cottage, a former BNP council candidate, was sentenced to two and a half years for possession of explosives but a conspiracy charge against him was withdrawn after two juries had been unable to reach a verdict. The prosecution claimed that Cottage had plans to assassinate Tony Blair and Liberal Democrat peer Lord Greaves. The chemicals recovered by police are believed to be the largest explosives haul ever found at a house in Britain.

2008 membership list leak

On 18 November 2008, a list of over 10,000 BNP members was published by Wikileaks in breach of a court injunction. This included names, addresses and other personal details. People on the list included prison officers (barred from BNP membership), teachers, soldiers, civil servants and members of the clergy.

Nick Griffin claimed that any party member dismissed from employment would be able to receive substantial compensation. The BNP advised those named on the list to deny their membership and said that they would confirm that in writing if required. The BNP claimed it contained the names of persons who had never been members of the BNP. The BNP's Lee Barnes claimed that the list was false.

People affected by the disclosure included a DJ, Rod Lucas, who was dropped by the Talksport radio station. He said: "I am an investigative radio journalist and am a member of over 20 political parties and pressure groups ... It doesn't necessarily mean I agree with their views." A drama teacher at a prep school whose name was found on the list had been dismissed from a previous position as a result of her BNP membership.

Following an investigation by Welsh police and the Information Commissioner's Office, two people were arrested in December 2008 for breach of the Data Protection Act concerning the leak. Matthew Single was subsequently found guilty and fined £200. The fine was criticised as an "an absolute disgrace" by a BNP spokesman and a detective sergeant involved said he was "disappointed" with the outcome.

Equality and Human Rights Commission

The Equality and Human Rights Commission sent the BNP a letter in 2009, ahead of legal action, setting out concerns about the BNP's constitution and membership criteria. It alleged that the BNP's constitution restricting membership to white people was unlawful under the Race Relations Act. The BNP chose to fight this opinion in the High Court. The Commission issued county court proceedings against party leader Nick Griffin and two other officials.

The conclusion of the case in October 2009 saw costs awarded against the BNP. The BNP stated that Griffin was "required in Brussels" on that day. Griffin had written to BNP members preparing to concede the case because it would be too expensive to fight and would "strip the party of the ability to fight the next general election". Griffin subsequently announced that he would ask BNP members to accept the court's decision and allow non-whites to join the party, claiming that this action "outflanked" the EHRC. The BNP anticipated that its members would accept the change on financial grounds.

The BNP agreed to suspend further membership applications until an Extraordinary General Meeting in January 2010 confirming changes to the constitution. The case was adjourned in order to ensure compliance. As a result of the case, the Secretary of State for Wales, Peter Hain protested against the BBC's inclusion of Griffin on the Question Time programme, claiming the court case meant the BNP was "an unlawful body". Shami Chakrabarti, director of Liberty, said: "A shiny new constitution does not a democratic party make. It would be a pyrrhic victory, to say the least, if anyone thought that giving the BNP a facelift would make the slightest difference to a body with so much racism and hatred pumping through its veins."

The courts declared that the new constitution still breached equality laws and was still indirectly discriminatory. Judge Paul Collins ordered the BNP to pay costs and said its membership list must remain "closed" until it complied with race relations laws. The BNP claimed that it had a waiting list of black and Asian people and wanted more applications from ethnic minorities.

In November 2010, the BNP leadership was accused of lying over the matter by the EHRC who claimed that the offending passage had not been removed but merely altered. In a subsequent hearing the BNP leadership was found not guilty of the contempt of court. The EHRC said: "Eighteen months and seven court hearings later Mr Griffin has finally amended the constitution to bring it in line with what the Commission had originally requested." Griffin said: "This is a great day, because the British National Party has won a spectacular David and Goliath victory".

Opposition

Amongst the most visible and vocal opponents of the BNP are Unite Against Fascism (UAF) and the magazine Searchlight. High-ranking politicians from each of the main parties have, at various times, called for their own supporters to vote for anyone but the BNP. In 2008, then Prime Minister Gordon Brown stated: "Londoners and the rest of the British people know that backing the BNP is totally at odds with what it really means to be British—and the great British values the rest of us share, such as democracy and decency, freedom and fairness, tolerance and equality." The British Government announced in 2009 that the BNP's two MEPs would be denied some of the access and information afforded to other MEPs. The BNP would be subject to the "same general principles governing official impartiality" and they would receive "standard written briefings as appropriate from time to time", but diplomats would not be "proactive" in dealing with the BNP MEPs and that any requests for policy briefings from them would be treated differently and on a discretionary basis.

Some opponents of fascism call for no coverage to be given to groups or individuals enunciating what they describe as "hate speech". The "No Platform" stance is to deny perceived fascist hate speech any sort of publicity. The policy is most commonly associated with university student unions and debating societies, but has also resulted in BNP candidates being banned from speaking at various hustings meetings around the country. In 2005, the Leeds Student newspaper was criticised after publishing an interview with Nick Griffin. Also in 2005, an invitation to Nick Griffin by the University of St Andrews Union Debating Society to participate in a debate on multiculturalism was withdrawn after protests.

Veterans and Second World War

In June 2009, the Royal British Legion wrote to Griffin privately to ask him to stop wearing their poppy symbol. After he refused and wore the badge at campaign events and on the party's televised election broadcast, the Legion said in an open letter: "True valour deserves respect regardless of a person's ethnic origin, and everyone who serves or has served their country deserves nothing less ... appealed to your sense of honour. But you have responded by continuing to wear the poppy. So now we're no longer asking you privately. Stop it, Mr Griffin. Just stop it." In September 2009, the Legion accepted a donation which it had initially rejected from BNP member Rachel Firth. Firth had spent 24 hours raising the money, half of which was given to the Legion and the other half to the BNP. The Legion said that Firth had assured them that the donation would not be exploited politically although the story was later "splashed across" the BNP's website. BNP spokesman Simon Darby denied that the party exploited the story.

Winston Churchill's family has criticised the BNP after the party used his image and quotes from one of his speeches in its campaign. Churchill's grandson, Nicholas Soames, described the BNP as "monstrous" and said its use of Churchill was "offensive and disgusting".

The BNP was also caught up in a dispute with 1940s singer Vera Lynn after she objected to the party selling copies of her White Cliffs of Dover CD on its website to fund its European election campaign.

Violent opposition

In the wake of the death of Lee Rigby, protests and counter-protests between BNP supporters and Unite Against Fascism campaigners in London. 58 people were arrested, all UAF protesters, and at least one man, a BNP activist, was injured.

Online presence

In September 2007, The Daily Telegraph newspaper reported that Hitwise, the online competitive intelligence service, said that the BNP website had more hits than any other website of a British political party. In 2009, the party's website came under fire after it was revealed that much of the merchandise it sold was made in Honduras, contrary to the party's pledge of "British Jobs for British Workers".

Affiliated organisations

Officially linked organisations

• The short-lived American Friends of the British National Party gave financial assistance to the BNP from American supporters, and it also facilitated contact between far right figures in both countries.
• The Trafalgar Club is a dinner club for BNP supporters that does not require BNP membership.
• Albion Life Insurance was set up in September 2006 as an insurance brokerage company on behalf of the BNP, in order to raise funds for its activities. The firm ceased to operate in November 2006.
• The BNP obtains some of its funding from the sale of books and heraldic or Norse jewellery. The merchandising arm of the British National Party is the Excalibur brand.
• ProFam was launched in 2012, as a resource for communities to make a stand against Muslim and Asian grooming gangs against vulnerable children
• Solidarity – The Union for British Workers in 2007 had 100,000 leaflets distributed by the BNP. Clive Jefferson national BNP official currently sits on the national executive of Solidarity.
• The Christian Council of Britain was set up by BNP members and supporters to organise Christians "in defence of traditional Christian values". The moderator of the organisation is currently BNP member Reverend Robert West. The CCB has claimed that the Bible justifies its support for the BNP’s repatriation policy. The United Reformed Church has said that support for organisations such as the BNP is incompatible with Christianity.

International political contacts

The BNP and the French National Front have co-operated on numerous occasions. Jean-Marie Le Pen visited the UK in 2004 to assist in launching the BNP's European Parliament campaign and Nick Griffin repaid the favour by sending a delegation of BNP officials to the FN's annual 'First of May Joan of Arc parade' in Paris in 2006. The BNP has links with the National Democratic Party of Germany. Griffin addressed an NPD rally in August 2002 headed by Udo Voigt, who Gerhard Schroeder accused of trying to remove immigrants from eastern Germany. In the run-up to the 2004 European Parliament election campaign, Nick Griffin visited Sweden to give the National Democrat party his endorsement.

In London on 16 May 2008, Nick Griffin met leaders of the Hungarian far right party Jobbik to discuss co-operation between the two parties. Griffin spoke at a Jobbik party rally in August 2008. In April 2009, Simon Darby, deputy chairman of the BNP, was welcomed with fascist salutes by members of the Italian nationalist Forza Nuova during a trip to Milan. Darby stated that the BNP would look to form an alliance with France's Front National in the European Parliament,

The Alliance of European National Movements (AENM) was formed in Budapest on 24 October 2009 by a number of nationalist and far-right parties from countries in Europe.

Alleged front organisations

• Opponents of the BNP claim that the English Defence League is a front for BNP activity, although the BNP denies any link and says that the EDL is "proscribed" to its members. It has been reported that an EDL website was set up by Chris Renton, a BNP activist who has been accused of hijacking the EDL. In a radio interview in July 2009, EDL spokesperson Paul Ray confirmed this but the EDL attempted to distance itself from him. The website was taken down, according to Hopenothate, "in an apparent attempt to conceal any link" In a broadcast audio conversation with Simon Darby, Nick Griffin claimed that the EDL was a "Zionist false flag operation" and "a neo-con operation". They claimed that it was an attempt to provoke a low level civil war. In 2010, Lee Barnes was removed as head of the party's legal department for calling for "British nationalists to join the EDL demonstration".
• Searchlight magazine claimed that an organization called Civil Liberty was connected to BNP.

Breakaway parties

The New Nationalist Party was formed by Sharon Ebanks on 11 December 2006, lasting for 12 months.

In late 2010, the British Freedom Party, was formed by disillusioned members of the BNP, but after failing to submit a legally required annual return to the Electoral Commission by October 31, 2012, the party was deregistered.

In 2011, Britain First, a campaign group started by the former councillor Paul Golding, fundraiser Jim Dowson and the former South East regional organiser Andy McBride, launched the National People's Party.

In December 2012, Patria was launched by another group of former BNP activists, lead by Ian Johnson.

On 9 February 2013, former party members including Andrew Brons launched the British Democratic Party.

Notes

1. An April 2009 article in The Guardian, based on analysis of leaked membership data, had given a figure of 11,820, and Hope not Hate gave in July 2013 a figure of "less than 5000" and suggested that only around 2000 of those were active members.
2. The name British National Party had been used in politics previously by four organisations, most notably by the a Mosleyite party which became the English National Association and by a 1960s party initiated by John Bean, which became part of the National Front. Tyndall was a leading member of the 1960s BNP and a founder of the present party.

References

Footnotes

1. "Statement of Accounts Year Ended 31st December 2012". British National Party. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
2. Rogers, Simon; O'Connor, Mairead; Willison, Simon (20 October 2009). "BNP membership where you live: constiuency by constituency". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
3. Collins, Matthew. "BNP: Membership is down, everything is "perfect"". Hope not Hate. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
4. ^ Renton, David (1 March 2005). "'A day to make history'? The 2004 elections and the British National Party". Patterns of Prejudice. 1 (39): 25. doi:10.1080/00313220500045170.
5. ^ Copsey, Nigel (2007). "Changing course or changing clothes? Reflections on the ideological evolution of the British National Party 1999–2006". Patterns of Prejudice. 41 (1): 61–82. doi:10.1080/00313220601118777.
6. Copsey 2004
7. Wood, C; Finlay, W. M. L. (2008). "British National Party representations of Muslims in the month after the London bombings: Homogeneity, threat, and the conspiracy tradition". British Journal of Social Psychology. 47 (4): 707–26. doi:10.1348/014466607X264103. PMID 18070375. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
8. Golder, M. (2003). "Explaining Variation In The Success Of Extreme Right Parties In Western Europe:". Comparative Political Studies. 36 (4): 432. doi:10.1177/0010414003251176.
9. Evans, Jocelyn A J (2005). "The Dynamics of Social Change in Radical Right-wing Populist Party Support". Comparative European Politics. 3: 76. doi:10.1057/palgrave.cep.6110050.
10. Bonnett, Alastair (1998). "How the British Working Class Became White: The Symbolic (Re)formation of Racialized Capitalism". Journal of Historical Sociology. 11 (3): 316. doi:10.1111/1467-6443.00066.
11. Back, Les; Keith, Michael; Khan, Azra; Shukra, Kalbir; Solomos, John (2002). "New Labour's White Heart: Politics, Multiculturalism and the Return of Assimilation". The Political Quarterly. 73 (4): 445. doi:10.1111/1467-923X.00499.
12. Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B.; Grant, Diana R.; Chiang, Chau-Pu (2003). "Hate Online: A Content Analysis of Extremist Internet Sites". Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy. 3: 29. doi:10.1111/j.1530-2415.2003.00013.x.
13. ^ Minkenberg, Michael; Perrineau, Pascal (2007). "The Radical Right in the European Elections 2004". International Political Science Review. 28 (1): 34–26. doi:10.1177/0192512107070401.
14. "BNP in alliance with nationalists". BBC News. 12 November 2009. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
15. ^ "Democracy, Freedom, Culture and Identity" (PDF). The Manifesto of the British National Party. British National Party. 6 May 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
16. "Court ruling in legal challenge to the BNP's constitution". Equality and Human Rights Commission. 28 January 2010. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
17. Cook 2000, p. 88
18. Betz 1998, p. 145
19. Barberis 2005, p. 191 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBarberis2005 (help)
20. Hill & Bell 1988, p. 92
21. Plowright 2006, p. 37
22. Barberis, McHugh & Tyldesley 2005, p. 188 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBarberisMcHughTyldesley2005 (help)
23. Hill & Bell 1988, p. 146
24. "BNP: under the skin, 1979–1983". BBC News. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
25. Butler 1983, p. 345
26. Barberis 2005, p. 178 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBarberis2005 (help)
27. Larsen 1998, p. 1207
28. Copsey 2004, p. 32
29. Copsey 2004, p. 39
30. Szajkowski 2004, p. 498
31. Copsey 2004, p. 40
32. Copsey 2004, pp. 39–43
33. Copsey 2004, p. 45
34. Copsey 2004, pp. 45–48
35. Boothroyd 2001, p. 22
36. ^ "BNP: under the skin, 1992–1993". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
37. Barberis 2005, p. 177 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBarberis2005 (help)
38. Copsey 2004, p. 67
39. BBC Radio 4 (19 November 2008). "Interview with the British National Party". BBC News. Retrieved 16 April 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
40. Spearhead. 319. British National Party: 6–10. September 1995. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
41. "Memories of Welling". DK Renton. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
42. "Welling: Disturbances". Hansard. 18 October 1993. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
43. Saggar 1998, p. 136
44. "Beyond A Dead Man's Deeds: The National Alliance After William Pierce" (PDF). Center for New Community. 2002. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
45. Copsey 2004, p. 69
46. Copsey 2004, pp. 68–69
47. Copsey 2004, p. 71
48. Eatwell 2004, p. 67.
49. ^ Copsey 2004, p. 73
50. ^ Eatwell 2004, p. 69.
51. Copsey 2004, p. 23
52. ^ Geddes 2002, p. 194
53. Abbas 2005, p. 58.
54. ^ Eatwell 2004, p. 75.
55. "History of the BNP". BBC News. 24 January 2003. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
56. Copsey 2004, pp. 110–120
57. ^ Brinks 2006, p. 91
58. "Barclays Bank bans BNP accounts". BBC News. 16 July 2004. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
59. ^ "BNP leader cleared of race hate". BBC News. 10 November 2006. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
60. ^ "BNP campaign uses bus bomb photo". BBC News. 12 July 2005. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
61. ^ "BNP doubles number of councillors". BBC News. 5 May 2006. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
62. ^ Ian Cobain (21 December 2006). "Exclusive: inside the secret and sinister world of the BNP". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
63. Ian Cobain (21 December 2006). "The Guardian journalist who became central London organiser for the BNP". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
64. Matthew Taylor (12 April 2007). "BNP faces inquiry over US fundraising". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
65. Richard Edwards. "Auty quits after BNP leadership bid fails". Yorkshire Evening Post. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
66. "National Front". Hope not Hate. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
67. ^ "BNP secures two European seats". BBC News. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
68. Brian Brady (7 June 2009). "Labour prepares for new rout as Europe declares". The Independent. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
69. Martin Fletcher (19 April 2007). "The British National Party gains strength". The Times.
70. Matthew Goodwin (16 April 2009). "The BNP's breakthrough". The New Statesman. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
71. Matthew Moore (12 May 2009). "MPs' expenses: Lord Tebbit says do not vote Conservative at European elections". The Telegraph. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
72. ^ Backes & Moreau 2011, pp. 93–101
73. "Barking & Dagenham". BBC News. 7 May 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
74. Taylor, Matthew (7 May 2010). "Nick Griffin under pressure after BNP's poor performance". Guardian. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
75. "Police to take no further action over plot to kill head of BNP". Hope Not Hate. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
76. Art 2011, p. 104
77. Matthew Taylor and Hugh Muir (14 May 2010). "General election 2010: the defeat of the BNP". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
78. Matthew Taylor (24 May 2010). "BNP leader Nick Griffin to stand down ... in 2013". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
79. Taylor, Matthew (30 September 2010). "BNP expels Richard Barnbrook as bitter feud threatens to tear apart party". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
80. len Tingle (27 July 2011). "BNP - the disastrous war of the roses". BBC News. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
81. Quinn, Ben (16 October 2012). "BNP divisions exposed as Andrew Brons resigns". The Guardian.
82. "The Constitution of the British National Party (version 12.3)" (PDF). Retrieved 23 October 2009.
83. ^ "Party Structure and Organisation". British National Party. Archived from the original on 23 January 2008. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
84. "Regional contacts". August 2006. Archived from the original on 1 January 2007. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
85. "Circles and Associations". British National Party. Archived from the original on 15 October 2007. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
86. Jamie Doward (24 August 2003). "Expelled BNP founder plans court battle". The Observer. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
87. Ignazi 2003
88. James Lyons and Tom Parry (9 June 2009). "The truth about fascist National Front past of Britain's two new BNP members in Europe". The Mirror. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
89. "The BNP on Question Time is the wrong party on the wrong programme". The Guardian. 15 October 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
90. "David Cameron attacks 'fascist' BNP". The Daily Telegraph. 31 May 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
91. Travis, Alan (16 October 2009). "Alan Johnson says BBC should bar 'foul' BNP from Question Time". The Guardian.
92. "Ex-BNP member backs anti-fascists". BBC News. 10 March 2004. Retrieved 13 pril 2013. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
93. "Griffin denies fascism 'smears'". Metro. 12 July 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
94. Thurlow 2000
95. Moss, Stephen (9 June 2009). "Is fascism on the march again?". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
96. Gottlieb & Linehan 2004, pp. 70–71
97. ^ Davies 2002, p. 149
98. ^ "BNP General Election Manifesto 2005" (PDF). BBC News. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
99. "British National Party Policies". British National Party. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
100. "Profile: Nick Griffin". BBC News. 23 October 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
101. "Keep brave Gurkhas out of Britain says BNP". Daily Mirror. 13 May 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
102. "BNP Leader Pulls Out Of Palace Garden Party". Sky News. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
103. Jenkins, Russell (10 June 2009). "BNPs Nick Griffin finally gets to make a speech". The Times.(subscription required)
104. "Midlands BNP leader demands Gurkhas are banned from staying in UK". Lancaster Unity. 24 May 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2013. {{cite web}}: |first1= missing |last1= (help)
105. ^ Leach, Ben (17 May 2009). "BNP: war hero Johnson Beharry only got medal because he is black". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
106. "Private Johnson Gideon Beharry – Victoria Cross". Ministry of Defence. 18 March 2005. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
107. ^ "British National Party Election Manifesto for 1992". British National Party. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
108. ^ "BNP: under the skin". BBC News. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
109. "The BNP and Races". The Voice of Freedom. January 2001. p. 4.
110. Passmore 2002, p. 119
111. Art 2011, p. 101
112. Liang 2007, p. 250
113. "BNP 'does not want all-white UK'". BBC News. 12 July 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
114. Blake, Steve (12 July 2005). ""Asians" in Britain: A personal message from the BNP's webeditor". British National Party. Archived from the original on 14 October 2007.
115. "English Democrats Vs the British National Party". British National Party. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
116. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". British National Party. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
117. Griffin, Nick. "The BNP: Anti-asylum protest, racist sect or power-winning movement?". British National Party. Archived from the original on 10 October 2007. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
118. Priestley, Joe (2 January 2005). "Spirit of the Age". British National Party. Archived from the original on 15 October 2007. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
119. Halpin, Tony (24 March 2006). "Lecturer is suspended for 'racist' IQ claims". The Times. Retrieved 13 August 2007.(subscription required)
120. Anushka Asthana and Jessica Salter (5 March 2006). "Campus storm over 'racist' don". The Observer. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
121. Paul Harris (23 December 2001). "Hindu and Sikh extremists in link with BNP". The Observer. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
122. "Sikh admits to BNP talks". BBC News. 10 September 2001. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
123. Taylor, Matthew (10 April 2008). "BNP seeks to bury antisemitism and gain Jewish votes in Islamophobic campaign". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
124. Haroon Siddique (20 November 2009). "Sikh campaigner for BNP set to become party's first non-white member". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
125. Kirsty Whalley (28 April 2010). "BNP "too racist" for black vicar". Croydon Guardian. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
126. "Lawrence Rustem". BBC News. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
127. "Nationalism and Israel". British National Party. 28 July 2006. Archived from the original on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
128. "BNP on BBC's Question Time: key quotes". The Daily Telegraph. 23 October 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
129. Griffin, Nick (21 March 2006). "By their fruits (or lack of them) shall you know them". British National Party. Archived from the original on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
130. "Israel to 'Protect its Jewish nature' by Building Concentration Camp for 10,000 African "Infiltrators"". British National Party. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
131. "Viewpoint: What are BNP supporters really like?". BBC News. 28 September 2011. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
132. "At-a-glance: BNP general election manifesto". BBC News. 23 April 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
133. McDonald, Henry (3 March 2007). "BNP seeks anti-abortion Catholic votes". The Observer. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
134. Wentworth, Tony. ""Gay Rights" Lobby Target School Children". British National Party. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
135. ^ "Emails to/from the BNP". Manchester University Labour Club. Archived from the original on 6 May 2006. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
136. Geen, Jessica (15 May 2009). "Exclusive: BNP describes gay politicians as 'buggers and criminals'". PinkNews. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
137. "Griffin attacks Islam on BBC show". BBC News. 23 October 2009. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
138. Ford, Robert; Goodwin, Matthew J. (2010). "Angry White Men: Individual and Contextual Predictors of Support for the British National Party". Political Studies. 58 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9248.2009.00829.x.
139. Ward, Lucy (12 December 2001). "How the BNP turned racial hatred into votes". The Guardian.
140. ^ Wheeler, Brian (5 May 2006). "Will BNP election gains last?". BBC News. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
141. "BNP sees increase in total votes". BBC News. 6 May 2005. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
142. "Elections Report" (PDF). Community Security Trust. 6 May 2010. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
143. "National Results". BBC News. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
144. "Barking". BBC News. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
145. ^ "Electoral performance of the British National Party in the UK" (PDF). Parliament. 15 May 2009. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
146. Conal Urquhart (4 May 2013). "BNP calls on members to breed more after elections disaster | Politics | guardian.co.uk". Guardian. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
147. Taylor, Matthew (29 September 2010). "BNP expels Richard Barnbrook as bitter feud threatens to tear apart party". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
148. "Labour slumps to historic defeat". BBC News. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
149. "European Election 2009: North West". BBC News. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
150. "Immigration a key issue, says BNP". BBC News. 16 April 2007. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
151. ^ "Wales elections". BBC News. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
152. "No to public funds for fascism". Retrieved 12 April 2013.
153. "Scotland elections". BBC News. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
154. "Northern Ireland elections". BBC News. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
155. Martin Wingfield (16 March 2008). "The Media: Reporting on the BNP". Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
156. "The Traitors – 3. Denis MacShane". British National Party. 27 May 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
157. Mulholland, Hélène (24 April 2007). "BNP forced to change election broadcast". The Guardian.
158. "BBC bans BNP election broadcast". British National Party. 24 April 2007. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
159. "Case of Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers & Firemen (ASLEF) v. the United Kingdom". European Court of Human Rights. 27 February 2007. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
160. "Disclaw Publishing – Employment Law, unfair dismissal, redundancy pay". Emplaw.co.uk. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
161. Bowcott, Owen (6 November 2012). "Bus driver sacked for BNP membership wins case in Strasbourg". The Guardian.
162. "CASE OF REDFEARN v. THE UNITED KINGDOM". European Court of Human Rights. 6 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
163. "The British National Party". WhatDoTheyKnow. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
164. Stuart Jeffries (21 October 2003). "Undercover cop". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
165. "ACPO bans police from joining BNP". BBC News. 27 July 2004.
166. Taylor, Matthew (14 May 2007). "Inquiry into claim that police joined BNP event". The Guardian.
167. Cobain, Ian (19 November 2008). "Police scour BNP membership to find officers breaching ban". The Guardian.
168. "'No-one wanted' top UK jails post". BBC News. 8 February 2005. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
169. "Synod votes in favour of BNP ban". BBC News. 10 February 2009. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
170. Hasan, Medhi (2 November 2010). "In praise of Michael Gove: He's wrong on free schools but right to ban BNP teachers". New Statesman. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
171. Vasagar, Jeevan (2 November 2010). "BNP members to be barred from teaching". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
172. Heitmeyer 2003, p. 406
173. Human Rights Watch 1997, p. 13
174. Yorkshire Post. 17 February 1986. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
175. Anthony, Andrew (1 September 2002). "Flying the flag". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
176. "Party Organisers: Criminal Record". BBC News. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
177. Human Rights Watch 1997, p. 14
178. David Botsford. "The British State versus Freedom of Expression: The Case of R. v. Griffin" (PDF). Libertarian Alliance. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
179. "BNP man sent razor blades to city Jews". Trinity Mirror. 2 April 2003. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
180. Sophie Goodchild (25 April 2004). "On the Le Pen menu: roast beef and raw bigotry". The Independent. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
181. "Anger as BNP chief walks free over race attack". The Independent. 18 June 1994. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
182. John Davison, Ian Burrell and Cyril Dixon (19 September 1993). "Exposed: Labour trickery that hyped BNP to election victory". The Sunday Times.
183. "BBC News: BNP – Under the Skin". Retrieved 2 April 2013.
184. "Second jury fails to agree on BNP 'bomb' pair". The Guardian. 13 July 2007.
185. Matthew Taylor (13 February 2007). "Ex-BNP activist 'wanted to shoot Tony Blair'". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
186. Andrew Hewitt (4 October 2006). "Ex-BNP man faces explosives charge". The Burnley and Pendle Citizen. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
187. ^ James Sturcke, Matthew Weaver and Ian Cobain (18 November 2008). "BNP membership list leaked online". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
188. "Probe into officer on BNP list". Financial Times. 20 November 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
189. "Sacked BNP members 'could claim £10,000'". Metro. 19 November 2008. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
190. ^ "Lee John Barnes, BNP Legal Director". Leejohnbarnes.blogspot.com. 18 November 2008. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
191. "Rod Lucas dropped by TalkSPORT after BNP links emerge". The Daily Telegraph. 19 November 2008. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
192. Sears, Neil (22 November 2008). "Teacher at prestigious prep school faces probe after her former job with BNP is exposed". Daily Mail. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
193. Balakrishnan, Angela (5 December 2008). "Two held over BNP membership leak". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
194. "Ex-BNP man fined over names leak". BBC News. 1 September 2009. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
195. "Commission issues county court proceedings against the BNP". Equality and Human Rights Commission. 24 August 2009. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
196. "Commission forces BNP to change its constitution and membership criteria after legal case victory". Equality and Human Rights Commission. 15 October 2009. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
197. "UK – BNP's 'whites-only' rule set to be axed". Financial Times. 3 September 2009. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
198. ^ Hamilton, Fiona (4 September 2009). "British National Party forced to admit non-whites". The Times. Retrieved 15 October 2009.(subscription required)
199. "BNP may have to admit black and Asian members after court challenge". The Independent. 16 October 2009. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
200. ^ "BNP to change 'whites only' membership rules so as not to fall foul of discrimination laws". Daily Mail. 15 October 2009. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
201. "New BNP rules rejected by court". BBC News. 12 March 2010. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
202. Taylor, Matthew (8 November 2010). "BNP leader Nick Griffin accused of lying over party's constitution". The Guardian.
203. Aston, John (17 December 2010). "BNP's Nick Griffin defeats contempt legal bid". The Independent.
204. "BNP leader Nick Griffin avoids legal penalties". The Guardian. 17 December 2010.
205. "Searchlight's Carbon Copy Plan". British National Party. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
206. ^ Urquart, Colin (1 June 2013). The Gaurdian http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/jun/01/bnp-anti-fascists-london. Retrieved 14 September 2013. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
207. "Guardian: Cameron: vote for anyone but BNP". The Guardian. 18 April 2006. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
208. Jones, George (6 February 2007). "Blair admits 'paying penalty' for US links". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
209. "Hope not hate: Vote for equality, freedom and hope". Daily Mirror. 29 April 2008. Retrieved 2 Apriil 2013. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
210. Traynor, Ian (9 July 2009). "UK diplomats shun BNP officials in Europe". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
211. Porter, Aaron. "Re-affirming our support for No Platform". National Union of Students. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
212. "BNP interview fury". Yorkshire Evening Post. AccessMyLibrary. 15 March 2005.
213. "University's invitation to BNP leader withdrawn". The Scotsman. 5 February 2005. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
214. Matthew Taylor (13 June 2009). "Royal British Legion tell Nick Griffin to stop wearing poppy badge". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
215. Furlong, Ray (11 September 2009). "British Legion accepts BNP gift". BBC News. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
216. "BNP's Churchill use 'disgusting'". BBC News. 26 May 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
217. "Dame Vera Lynn takes on BNP over White Cliffs of Dover". The Telegraph. 18 February 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
218. "Fifty-eight arrested during Westminster protests". BBC News. 1 June 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
219. Rush, James; Bond, Anthony (1 June 2013). "Anti-fascist protestors arrested and packed onto London buses following violent clashes with BNP outside Parliament". Daily Mail. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
220. Vale, Paul (1 June 2013). "BNP Westminster Protesters Clash With Rival Anti-Fascists". Huffington Post. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
221. Christopher Hope (13 September 2007). "BNP website is the most popular in politics". The Telegraph. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
222. Victoria Richards (21 September 2009). "Party called 'hypocrites' over website merchandise". Daily Star. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
223. "American Friends of the British National Party". The Guardian. 12 June 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
224. Abrams, Fran (12 February 2008). "New concerns over BNP finances". BBC News. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
225. "BNP sets up life firm, Highbeam". HighBeam Research. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
226. "A finger in too many pies". Searchlight. Wayback Machine. November 2006. Archived from the original on 5 December 2006. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
227. "New British National Party Logo Merchandise at Excalibur". British National Party. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
228. "ProFam-Protecting the Family". British National Party. 1 October 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
229. "Solidarity 100,000 Leaflet Advert". Solidarity. 27 April 2007. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
230. "BNP trade union unmasked". Searchlight. Hopenothate. 24 January 2006. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
231. . British National Party. 10 January 2013 http://www.bnp.org.uk/news/national/solidarity-new-union-executive. Retrieved 22 September April 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
232. "Suspended councillor moves to BNP". BBC News. 15 May 2006. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
233. "Bring Our Boys Home Petition Handed In to Number 10". British National Party. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
234. "Christain Council of Britain". 05 April 2006. Retrieved 22 September 2013. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
235. "Jamie Doward: "BNP link to new campaign groups"". The Guardian. 16 April 2006. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
236. "BBC News: Le Pen UK visit sparks protests". 25 April 2004. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
237. Tom Wells (10 November 2008). "Top Euro Nazi's hate site run from terraced house ... in Gravesend". The Sun. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
238. Jerome Taylor (9 June 2009). "Griffin tries to build extremist bloc in Europe". The Independent. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
239. "Far-right European parties forge alliance". EUbusiness. 25 October 2009. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
240. "Alliance of European National Movements Expands to 9 Parties". British National Party. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
241. ^ "BNP Leader Reminds BNP Supporters that EDL Is Proscribed". BNP. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
242. Booth, Robert (12 September 2009). "English Defence League: chaotic alliance stirs up trouble on streets". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
243. Hines, Nico; Pitas, Costas (10 August 2009). "Far-right group, the English Defence League, in disarray after Birmingham fracas". The Times. Retrieved 31 October 2009.(subscription required)
244. The Adrian Goldberg Show, Talksport Radio (UK), 6 July 2009
245. "English Defence League: Businessman bankrolls 'street army'". Hopenothate.org.uk. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
246. "HOPE not hate news: Far-right group, the English Defence League, in disarray after Birmingham fracas". Hopenothate. 10 August 2009. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
247. Chandler, Neil (25 October 2009). "Oh, it's our fault is it, Mr Griffin?". Daily Star. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
248. Ossowski, Ketlan (7 February 2012). "Del-Boy Griffin strikes again". Searchlight Magazine website. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
249. "Statement by Sharon Ebanks". New Nationalist Party. Archived from the original on 28 April 2008. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
250. Gable, Sonia. "British Freedom Party deregistration: the truth – exclusive". Searchlight. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
251. "The Britain First Leadership Team". Britain First. 21 November 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
252. "National People's Party official public launch". Britain First. 21 November 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
253. "Who We Are". Patria. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
254. Matthew Collins (8 February 2013). "Neo-Nazi former BNP members launch new far-right party". New Statesman. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
255. "British Democratic Party launches in Leicester". British Democratic Party. 10 February 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013.

Bibliography

• Abbas, Tahir (2005). Muslim Britain: communities under pressure. Zed Books. ISBN 1-84277-449-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Atkins, Stephen (2004). Encyclopedia of Modern Worldwide Extremists and Extremist Groups. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-32485-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Art, David (2011). Inside the Radical Right. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-49883-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Backes, Uwe; Moreau, Patrick (2011). The Extreme Right in Europe: Current Trends and Perspectives. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3-525-36922-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Barberis, Peter; Mchugh, John; Tyldesley, Mike (2005). Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the 20th century. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0-8264-5814-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Boothroyd, David (2001). Politico's Guide to the History of British Political Parties. Politico's. ISBN 1-902301-59-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Betz, Hans-Georg (1998). The new politics of the Right: neo-Populist parties and movements in established democracies. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-21338-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Bhatt, Chetan (1997). Liberation and Purity. Routledge. ISBN 1-85728-424-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Butler, David (1983). The British General Election of 1983. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-34578-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Brinks, Jan Herman (2006). Nationalist Myths and Modern Media: Contested Identities in the Age of Globalization. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 1-84511-038-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Cameron, Gavin (2002). Nuclear Terrorism: A Threat Assessment for the 21st Century. Palgrave USA. ISBN 978-0-312-21983-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Cheles, Luciano; Ferguson, Ronnie; Vaughan, Michalina (1995). The far right in western and eastern Europe. Longman. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Cook, Chris (2000). The Longman companion to Britain since 1945. Pearson Education. ISBN 0-582-35674-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Copsey, Nigel (2004). Contemporary British Fascism: The British National Party and its Quest for Legitimacy. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-0214-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Davies, Peter (2002). The Routledge companion to fascism and the far right. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-21494-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Dearlove, John (2000). Introduction to British politics. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 0-7456-2096-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Eatwell, Roger (2004). Western democracies and the new extreme right challenge. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-36971-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Eriksen, Thomas Hylland (2006). Engaging anthropology: the case for a public presence. Berg Publishers. ISBN 1-84520-065-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Gabriel, John (1998). Whitewash: Racialised Politics and the Media. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-14969-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Gale, Thomson (2006). Extremist groups: information for students, Volume 1. University of California. ISBN 1-4144-1119-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Geddes, Andrew (2002). Labour's second landslide: the British general election 2001. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-6266-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas (2003). Black Sun. NYU Press. ISBN 0-8147-3155-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Human Rights Watch (1997). Racist violence in the United Kingdom. Human Rights Watch. ISBN 978-1-56432-202-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Gottlieb, Julie V.; Linehan, Thomas P. (2004). The Culture of Fascism: Visions of the Far Right in Britain. I. B. Taurus. ISBN 978-1-86064-798-7.
• Ignazi, Piero (2003). Extreme right parties in Western Europe. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-929159-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• McAuley, James (2003). An Introduction to Politics, State and Society. Sage Publications. ISBN 978-0-8039-7932-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Harrison, Martin (1983). The British General Election of 1983. Macmillan. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Heitmeyer, Wilhelm (2003). International Handbook of Violence Research. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-1466-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hill, Ray; Bell, Andrew (1988). The Other Face of Terror: Inside Europe's Neo-Nazi Network. Grafton Books. ISBN 978-0-586-06935-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Larsen, Stein Ugelvik (1998). Modern Europe after fascism, 1943–1980s. Social Science Monographs. ISBN 978-0-88033-973-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Liang, Christina Schori (2007). Europe for the Europeans: the foreign and security policy of the populist radical. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Passmore, Kevin (2002). Fascism : a very short introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280155-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Plowright, John (2006). The Routledge dictionary of modern British history. Routledge. ISBN 0-203-08846-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Robin, Anthony (1989). Traditions of intolerance. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-2898-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Robins, Lynton J (1994). Britain's changing party system. Leicester University Press. ISBN 0-7185-1494-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ryan, Nick (2004). Into a world of hate: a journey among the extreme right. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-94922-X. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Saggar, Shamit (1998). Race and British electoral politics. Routledge. ISBN 1-85728-830-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Sykes, Alan (2004). The Radical Right in Britain: British History in Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-59924-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Szajkowski, Bogdan (2004). Revolutionary and dissident movements of the world. John Harper Publishing. ISBN 0-9543811-2-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Thurlow, Richard (1998). Fascism in Britain: From Oswald Mosley's Blackshirts to the National Front. I B Tauris & Co. ISBN 978-1-86064-337-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Thurlow, Richard C. (2000). Fascism in Modern Britain. Sutton. ISBN 0-7509-1747-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

External links

• BNP website

v t e White nationalism
Foundations and related topics	Alt-right Alt-lite Anti-African sentiment Anti-Mexican sentiment Antisemitism Apartheid Aryan race Christian Identity Christian nationalism Creativity Ethnic nationalism Ethnofuturism Eurocentrism Far-right Fourteen Words Ghost skin Holocaust denial Identitarianism Kinism National-anarchism Nazism Neo-Nazism Neo-Confederate Nordicism Race and intelligence Racism against African Americans Right-wing terrorism White Australia policy White genocide conspiracy theory Kalergi Plan White student unions White identity White power skinhead White pride White separatism White supremacy Wotanism Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory
Organizations	Europe Blue and White Front British National Party Combat 18 Dutch People's Union Front Comtois Golden Dawn Hosank Human Diversity Foundation Jobbik Les Identitaires National Action (UK) National Democratic Party of Germany National Front (UK) National Revival of Poland National Socialist Front National Socialist Movement of Denmark National Socialist Movement of Norway Nazi Party Nordic Resistance Movement Noua Dreaptă Party of the Swedes People's Party Our Slovakia Russian National Unity Russian Imperial Movement Slavic Union Social-National Assembly Soldiers of Odin Sonnenkrieg Division Vigrid Voorpost North America 11th Hour Remnant Messenger Aryan Freedom Network American Freedom Party American Front American Nazi Party Atomwaffen Division Aryan Guard Aryan Nations Canadian Nationalist Party Council of Conservative Citizens Groypers European-American Unity and Rights Organization Hammerskins Heritage Front Identity Evropa Ku Klux Klan Liberty Lobby National Alliance NAAWP National Citizens Alliance National Justice Party National Policy Institute National Vanguard Nationalist Movement Nationalist Party of Canada National Socialist Movement NSDAP/AO (1972) Proud Boys Rise Above Movement The Order Traditionalist Worker Party Redneck Shop White Aryan Resistance White Order of Thule Oceania Antipodean Resistance New Zealand National Front True Blue Crew United Patriots Front South Africa Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging Afrikaner Volksfront Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging Conservative Party Kommandokorps South African National Front
Media	Music Blood & Honour National Socialist black metal Nazi punk Rock Against Communism Fashwave Moon Man rap Print media American Renaissance Arktos Media National Vanguard The Occidental Quarterly Washington Summit Publishers Radio shows America First with Nicholas J. Fuentes The Political Cesspool Websites /pol/ The Daily Stormer Metapedia Occidental Observer Redwatch The Right Stuff Stormfront VDARE Gab
Category

• Use dmy dates from December 2012
• British National Party
• Antisemitism in the United Kingdom
• National Front (United Kingdom) breakaway groups
• Eurosceptic parties in the United Kingdom
• Far-right political parties in the United Kingdom
• Holocaust denial in the United Kingdom
• Political parties established in 1982
• 1982 establishments in the United Kingdom
• 1982 in British politics
• British nationalism
• Fascism in England
• Fascism in the United Kingdom
• Nationalist parties in the United Kingdom
• White nationalism
• Right-wing populism