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The Barlas (Chagatay/Template:Lang-fa Barlās; also Berlas; Mongolian: Barlas) were a Turco-Mongol nomadic confederation in Central Asia.

Origins

According to the Secret History of the Mongols, written during the reign of Ögedei Khan , the Barlas shared ancestry with the Borjigin, the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors, and other Mongol clans. The leading clan of the Barlas traced its origin to Qarchar Barlas, head of one of Chagatai's regiments. Qarchar Barlas was a descendant of the legendary Mongol warlord Bodonchir (Bodon Achir; Bodon'ar Mungqaq), who was also considered a direct ancestor of Genghis Khan.

Due to extensive contacts with the native population of Central Asia, the tribe had adopted the religion of Islam, and the Chagatai language, a Turkic language of the Qarluq branch, which was heavily influenced by Arabic and Persian.

Timurids and Mughals

Its most famous representatives were the Timurids, a dynasty founded by the conqueror Timur (Tamerlane) in the 14th century, who ruled over modern-day Iran, Afghanistan, much of Central Asia, as well as parts of contemporary Pakistan, India, Mesopotamia, Anatolia and the Caucasus. One of his descendants, Zahir ud-Din Babur, later founded the Mughal Empire of Central Asia and South Asia. At the height of their power in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, they controlled much of the Indian subcontinent, extending from Bengal in the east to Kabul & Sindh in the west, Kashmir in the north to the Kaveri basin in the south. Its population at that time has been estimated as between 110 and 150 million, over a territory of more than 3.2 million square kilometres (1.2 million square miles).

Like many other Turko-Mongol Tribes settled in Persia and Central Asia, many subsets of the Barlas such as the Mughals and Timurids were persianized (but kept their ethnic Turco-Mongol identity) and made created elaborate Persianate Court Cultures. and helped create the Urdu language a mix of persian, Indian languages, Chagatai, and Sanskrit. Although the later Mughal emperors are thought to have been indianized, they have conversely molded and formed Indian culture adding Persian and Turkic cultural elements of their own.

See also

• Mongol Empire
• Moghulistan

References

1. ^ B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p. 28: "... We know definitely that the leading clan of the Barlas tribe traced its origin to Qarchar Barlas, head of one of Chaghadai's regiments ... These then were the most prominent members of the Ulus Chaghadai: the old Mongolian tribes — Barlas, Arlat, Soldus and Jalayir ..."
2. ^ M.S. Asimov & C. E. Bosworth, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, UNESCO Regional Office, 1998, ISBN 92-3-103467-7, p. 320: "… One of his followers was Timur of the Barlas tribe. This Mongol tribe had settled in the valley of Kashka Darya, intermingling with the Turkish population, adopting their religion (Islam) and gradually giving up its own nomadic ways, like a number of other Mongol tribes in Transoxania …"
3. Encyclopædia Britannica, "Timur", Online Academic Edition, 2007. Quotation: "Timur was a member of the Barlas tribe, a Mongol subgroup that had settled in Transoxania (now roughly corresponding to Uzbekistan) after taking part in Genghis Khan's son Chagatai's campaigns in that region. Timur thus grew up in what was known as the Chagatai khanate." ...
4. G.R. Garthwaite, "The Persians", Malden, ISBN 978-1-55786-860-2, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2007. (p.148)
5. The Secret History of the Mongols, transl. by I. De Rachewiltz, Chapter I.
6. G. Doerfer, "Chaghatay", in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition 2007.
7. René Grousset, The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia, Rutgers University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-81... (p.409)
8. Big History: From the Big Bang to the Present By Cynthia Stokes Brown
9. Landlord and Peasant in Persia: A Study of Land Tenure and Land Revenue Administration By Ann S. K. Lambton Pg.77
10. Imperial Identity in Mughal Empire: Memory and Dynastic Politics in Early Modern Central Asia (Library of South Asian History and Culture) By Lisa Balabanlilar Pg.154
11. Timurids In Transition: Turko-Persian Politics & Acculturation In Medieval Iran Volume 7 By Maria E. Subtelny Pg.42
12. Periods of World History: A Latin American Perspective By Charles A. Truxillo Pg.130
13. Tracing the Boundaries Between Hindi and Urdu: Lost and Added in Translation Between 20th Century Short Stories p.186-190
14. Analysis of Power-Structure Fluctuations in the 'Longue Duree' of the South Asian World System pg. 53
15. Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions By Soma Mukherjee p.10

• Barlas