Misplaced Pages

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 2601:d:b480:ed2:118a:aeb7:2f1c:4d06 (talk) at 12:56, 6 January 2015 (→Television). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. You can assist by editing it. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Some of this article's listed sources may not be reliable. Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Doctor Stephen Vincent Strange, best known under his alias Doctor Strange, is a superhero that appears in comic books published by Marvel Comics. A former neurosurgeon, Strange serves as the Sorcerer Supreme, the primary protector of Earth against magical and mystical threats. Debuting in the Silver Age of comics, the character has been featured in several eponymous comics series and licensed derivative media including video games, an animated television show, films, and merchandise such as trading cards and figurines. A Marvel Studios live-action film adaptation, starring Benedict Cumberbatch in the titular role, is set for a 2016 theatrical release.

Publication history

1960s

Artist and plotter Steve Ditko and scriptwriter and editor Stan Lee have separately described the character, if not the name, as having been created by Ditko, who wrote in 2008, "On my own, I brought in to Lee a five-page, penciled story with a page/panel script of my idea of a new, different kind of character for variety in Marvel Comics. My character wound up being named Dr. Strange because he would appear in Strange Tales."

In a 1963 letter to Jerry Bails, Lee called the character Ditko's idea, saying,

Well, we have a new character in the works for Strange Tales (just a 5-page filler named Dr. Strange) Steve Ditko is gonna draw him. It has sort of a black magic theme. The first story is nothing great, but perhaps we can make something of him-- 'twas Steve's idea and I figgered we'd give it a chance, although again, we had to rush the first one too much. Little sidelight: Originally decided to call him Mr. Strange, but thought the "Mr." bit too similar to Mr. Fantastic -- now, however, I remember we had a villain called Dr. Strange just recently in one of our mags, hope it won't be too confusing!

Dr. Strange debuted in Strange Tales #110 (July 1963), a split book shared with the feature The Human Torch. Doctor Strange appeared in issues #110–111 and #114 before the character's eight-page origin story appeared in #115 (Dec. 1963). Scripter Lee's take on the character was inspired by the Chandu the Magician radio program that aired on the Mutual Broadcasting System in the 1930s.

With issue #135 (Aug. 1965), The Human Torch feature was replaced, and Dr. Strange began sharing Strange Tales with the espionage series Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.. Ditko drew Dr. Strange through issue #146 (July 1966), and during this period he and Lee introduced many of Strange's allies, such as his eventual lover Clea, who debuted, initially unnamed, in Strange Tales #126 (Nov. 1964); and enemies, such as the flame-headed Dormammu in that same issue, and Nightmare in #110.

Ditko's stories showcased surrealistic mystical landscapes and increasingly vivid visuals that helped make the feature a favorite of college students at the time. Comics historian Mike Benton wrote,

The Dr. Strange stories of the 1960s constructed a cohesive cosmology that would have thrilled any self-respecting theosophist. College students, minds freshly opened by psychedelic experiences and Eastern mysticism, read Ditko and Lee's Dr. Strange stories with the belief of a recent Hare Krishna convert. Meaning was everywhere, and readers analyzed the Dr. Strange stories for their relationship to Egyptian myths, Sumerian gods, and Jungian archetypes.

"People who read Doctor Strange thought people at Marvel must be heads ," recalled then-associate editor and former Doctor Strange writer Roy Thomas in 1971, "because they had had similar experiences high on mushrooms. But I don't use hallucinogens, nor do I think any artists do."

As co-plotter and later sole plotter in the Marvel Method, Ditko took Strange into ever-more-abstract realms. In an epic 17-issue story arc in Strange Tales #130-146 (March 1965-July 1966), Ditko introduced the cosmic character Eternity, who personified the universe and was depicted as a silhouette whose outlines are filled with the cosmos. As historian Bradford W. Wright described,

Steve Ditko contributed some of his most surrealistic work to the comic book and gave it a disorienting, hallucinogenic quality. Dr. Strange's adventures take place in bizarre worlds and twisting dimensions that resembled Salvador Dalí paintings. Inspired by the pulp-fiction magicians of Stan Lee's childhood as well as by contemporary Beat culture, Dr. Strange remarkably predicted the youth counterculture's fascination with Eastern mysticism and psychedelia. Never among Marvel's more popular or accessible characters, Dr. Strange still found a niche among an audience seeking a challenging alternative to more conventional superhero fare.

In keeping with Lee's emphasis on continuity, Strange guest-starred in Fantastic Four #27 (June 1964) and The Amazing Spider-Man Annual #2 (1965), and encountered the Norse god Loki, foster brother of Thor, in Strange Tales #123 (Aug. 1964).

The series continued with Lee dialoging Ditko's plots through Strange Tales #142, followed by Roy Thomas and Denny O'Neil (two issues each). Golden Age artist/writer Bill Everett succeeded Ditko as artist with issues #147-152, followed by Marie Severin through #160 and Dan Adkins through #168, the final issue before the Nick Fury feature moved to its own title and Strange Tales was renamed Doctor Strange.

Lee returned to write episodes in Strange Tales #151-157; followed by Thomas (#158-159); and two writers who did virtually no other Marvel work, Raymond Marais (#160-161) and Jim Lawrence (#162-#166). Another cosmic entity, the Living Tribunal, was introduced in issue #157 (June 1967) and the evil Umar, sister of Dormammu, in #150 (Nov. 1966).

Expanded to 20 pages per issue, the Doctor Strange solo series ran 15 issues, #169-183 (June 1968-Nov. 1969), continuing the numbering of Strange Tales. Thomas wrote the run of new stories, joined after the first three issues by the art team of penciler Gene Colan and inker Tom Palmer through the end. Colan drastically altered the look of the series, as Thomas recounted: "…he had his own view of what these other worlds should look like. Everyone else sort of copied Ditko's versions of those extra dimensions, which were great and wonderful. When Gene came on, he didn't feel a real rapport with that, I guess, so his extra dimensions tended to be just blackness and smoke and things of that sort… Sometimes it was a little strange for a dimension Doc Strange had been to before to look different when drawn by Gene, but nobody complained." In #177, Thomas and Colan attempted to boost sales by revamping Strange's appearance to more closely resemble those of other superheroes, giving him a form-fitting blue costume, a full-head mask and a secret identity as Dr. Stephen Sanders. The cancellation with #183 was abrupt (there was a "Next issue" blurb in the last issue), and outstanding storylines were resolved in Sub-Mariner #22 (Feb. 1970) and The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #126 (April 1970).

Thomas recalled in 2000 that he returned to work a day late from a weekend comic book convention to find that Marvel production manager Sol Brodsky had assigned Doctor Strange to writer Archie Goodwin, newly ensconced at Marvel and writing Iron Man. Thomas convinced Brodsky to allow him to continue writing the title. "I got very possessive about Doctor Strange," Thomas recalled. "It wasn't a huge seller, but we were selling the low 40 percent range of more than 400,000 print run, so it was actually selling a couple hundred thousand copies at the time you needed to sell even more."

1970s-1990s

After plans were announced for a never-realized split book series featuring Doctor Strange and Iceman each in solo adventures, Strange next appeared in the first three issues (December 1971-June 1972) of the quarterly showcase title Marvel Feature. He appeared in both the main story detailing the formation of superhero "non-team" the Defenders, and the related back-up story. The character then starred in a revival solo series in Marvel Premiere #3-14 (July 1972-March 1974). This arc marked the debut of another recurring foe, the entity Shuma-Gorath, created by writer Steve Englehart and artist Frank Brunner. In issues #8-10 (May-September 1973), Strange was forced to shut down the Ancient One's mind, causing his mentor's physical death. Strange then assumed the title of Sorcerer Supreme. Englehart and Brunner created another multi-issue storyline featuring sorcerer Sise-Neg ("Genesis" spelled backward) going back through history, collecting all magical energies, until he reaches the beginning of the universe, becomes all-powerful and creates it anew, leaving Strange to wonder whether this was, paradoxically, the original creation. Stan Lee, seeing the issue after publication, ordered Englehart and Brunner to print a retraction saying this was not God but a god, to avoid offending religious readers. The writer and artist concocted a fake letter from a fictitious minister praising the story, and mailed it to Marvel from Texas. Marvel unwittingly printed the letter and dropped the retraction.

The Marvel Premiere series segued to the character's second ongoing title, Doctor Strange: Master of the Mystic Arts, also known as Doctor Strange vol. 2, which ran 81 issues (June 1974-February 1987). Doctor Strange #14 featured a crossover story with The Tomb of Dracula #44, another series which was being drawn by Gene Colan at the time. In Englehart's final story, he sent Dr. Strange back in time to meet Benjamin Franklin. In 2010, Comics Bulletin ranked Englehart's work on Doctor Strange with artists Brunner and Colan ninth on its list of the "Top 10 1970s Marvels."

Strange met his allies Topaz in #75 (Feb. 1986) and Rintrah in #80 (Dec. 1986). The series ended with a cliffhanger as his home, the Sanctum Sanctorum was heavily damaged during a battle. Among the losses was Doctor Strange's entire collection of mystic books and other important artifacts. As a consequence, Strange was now considerably weaker and several spells designed to protect humanity from vampires and the evil serpent god Set expired.

The title was discontinued so that the character's adventures could be transferred to another split book format series, Strange Tales vol. 2, #1-19 (April 1987-October 1988), which was shared with street heroes Cloak and Dagger. This new Doctor Strange series resolved Strange's quest to reclaim his power and missing artifacts, as well as resurrect the Defenders, who had died in the last issue of that team's title.

Strange was returned to his own series, this time titled Doctor Strange: Sorcerer Supreme, which ran 90 issues (November 1988-June 1996). The initial creative team was writer Peter B. Gillis and artists Richard Case and Randy Emberlin, with storylines often spanning multiple issues. Strange lost the title of "Sorcerer Supreme" in issues #48-49 (December 1992-January 1993) when he refused to fight a war on behalf of the Vishanti, the mystical entities that empower his spells. During this time the series became part of the "Midnight Sons" group of Marvel's supernatural comics, and Doctor Strange found new sources of magical strength in the form of chaos magic, as well as a magic construct he used as a proxy. He would form the Secret Defenders with a rotating roster of heroes, and reunite with the original Defenders. Strange regained his title in Doctor Strange: Sorcerer Supreme #80 (Aug. 1995).

Strange appeared, together with the Human Torch and the Thing in the one-shot publication Strange Tales vol. 3, #1 (Nov.1994).

The character was featured in several limited series. The first was Doctor Strange: The Flight of Bones #1-#4 (February-May 1999), with a series of spontaneous combustions by criminals instigated by old foe Dormammu. Strange was the catalyst for the creation of a trio of sorceresses in Witches #1-#4 (August-November 2004). The Strange limited series (November 2004-July 2005) by writers J. Michael Straczynski and Samm Barnes updated the character's origin. Another limited series, Doctor Strange: The Oath #1-5 (December 2006-April 2007), written by Brian K. Vaughan and illustrated by Marcos Martin, focused on Strange's responsibilities as sorcerer and doctor.

Doctor Strange appeared in four graphic novels over the years: Doctor Strange: Into Shamballa (1986); Doctor Strange & Doctor Doom: Triumph and Torment (1989); Spider-Man/Dr. Strange: The Way to Dusty Death (1992); and Dr. Strange: What Is It That Disturbs You, Stephen? (1997).

2000s

Strange appeared as a supporting character for the bulk of the 2000s. He appeared regularly in Amazing Spider-Man under J. Michael Straczynski, before being cast into a time loop by Baron Mordu. He later appeared on and off in New Avengers, where he was stated as being part of the secret group known as Illuminati to deal with future threats to Earth. Ultimately Strange joined the team (and allowing them to use his home as a base) after the events of Civil War, which he sat out. Doctor Strange was critical of the federal Superhuman Registration Act and aided the anti-registration Avengers team led by Luke Cage.

During the Bendis run, Doctor Doom attacked the Avengers and manipulated Scarlet Witch into decimating the mutant population; Doctor Strange's failure to stop the latter and his failure to realize Doom's hand in the former led to Strange renouncing his status as Sorcerer Supreme, with the Eye of Agomotto passing the mantle to Brother Voodoo.

He was also featured in The Order, which spun out of the 2000 Defenders revival, and the Indefensible Defenders mini-series.

2010s

Doctor Strange appeared as a regular character throughout the 2010-2013 New Avengers series, from issue #1 (August 2010) through the final issue #34 (Jan. 2013). Renamed Doctor Voodoo, the newly appointed Sorcerer Supreme sacrifices himself in order to stop the powerful mystical entity Agamotto from reclaiming the Eye. The following issue, a guilt-ridden Strange, rejoining the New Avengers, offers the team his servant Wong to act as their housekeeper. Strange and Wong are seen working with improvised teams of Avengers in later incidents. He eventually regains his position of Sorcerer Supreme when the ghost of Doctor Voodoo's brother, Daniel Drumm, attempts to attack Strange by possessing various Avengers and Strange manages to defeat him with the use of dark magic without being corrupted by it. The spirit of the Ancient One appears to Strange to inform him that his willingness to fight for the world even when not officially Sorcerer Supreme, coupled with his ability to use black magic when necessary and then avoid its corruptive influence, has proven that he deserves the mantle.

He continues to appear in the pages of the 2013 incarnation of New Avengers, which focuses on the Illuminati as they deal with "Incursions", cases where two parallel Earths collide and cause the destruction of both universes. As such, the group have engaged in considerable acts of moral ambiguity in dealing with each impending incursion. In addition, Doctor Strange has become the host to a dangerous demon after offering himself up in order to save Princess Phan, a child who the demon was possessing. The demon ultimately possessed Strange when fighting a group of heroes from a world threatened by an incursion and kills most of those heroes, resulting in the Illuminati having to stop him.

Eight months into the future, it is revealed that Doctor Strange later becomes the leader of the Black Priests.

Fictional character biography

Doctor Stephen Strange is a brilliant but egotistical neurosurgeon who only cares about wealth from his career. However, a car accident damages his hands, shattering the bones. The damage effectively ends his ability to conduct surgery, since his hands now tremble uncontrollably. Too proud to take on a teaching job, Strange desperately begins to search for a way to restore his hands, consulting various doctors, homeopathic treatments and traveling around the world to remote regions for exotic cures, all to no avail.

He exhausts his funds and is reduced to homelessness and is forced to perform "back alley" medical procedures for cash. Depressed and still searching, Strange locates a hermit called the Ancient One (who is actually the Earth's Sorcerer Supreme) in the Himalayas. The Ancient One refuses to help Strange because of his selfishness, but senses a good side that he attempts to bring to the surface. He fails, but Strange's goodness appears when he discovers the Ancient One's disciple, Baron Mordo, attempting to kill the old man. After Strange selflessly thwarts Mordo, (who becomes Strange's most enduring antagonist), the Ancient One teaches him the mystic arts. After completing his training, Strange returns to New York and takes up residence within the Sanctum Sanctorum, a townhouse located in Greenwich Village which is guarded by Strange's personal servant Wong.

As the Ancient One's disciple, Strange encounters the entity Nightmare, and miscellaneous other mystical foes before meeting Dormammu, a warlord from an alternate dimension called the "Dark Dimension". Strange is aided by a nameless girl, later called Clea, who is eventually revealed to be Dormammu's niece. When Strange helps a weakened Dormammu drive off the rampaging Mindless Ones and return them to their prison, he is allowed to leave unchallenged.

Powers and abilities

Strange is a practicing magician who draws his powers from various mystical entities such as Agamotto, Cyttorak, the Faltine, Ikonn, Oshtur, Raggadorr, the Seraphim, and Watoomb, and artifacts including the Cloak of Levitation which enables him to fly, the Eye of Agamotto whose light is used to negate evil magic, the Book of the Vishanti which contains knowledge of white magic, and the Orb of Agamotto which is used as a crystal ball.

In addition to his magical abilities, Strange is a skilled neurosurgeon, even after losing the use of his hands due to nerve damage, and is trained in several different martial arts disciplines.

Doctor Strange has been described as "the mightiest magician in the cosmos" and "more powerful by far than any of your fellow humanoids" by Eternity, the sentience of the Marvel Universe. He has held the title of Sorcerer Supreme from 1973 (with the death of the Ancient One) to the present, except during an interruption from 1992 to 1995. He relinquished the title once again in 2009, but reclaimed it in 2012 when he proved himself willing to protect the world even without the title.

Recalled issue

Jackson Guice's cover for Doctor Strange #15 (1990) used Christian music singer Amy Grant's likeness without her permission, leading to a complaint saying that the cover gave the appearance that she was associating with witchcraft. A US District Court sealed an out-of-court settlement between Grant and Marvel in early 1991, with a consent decree in which Marvel did not admit to liability or wrongdoing.

Other versions

The character has starred in several alternate universe titles. In the miniseries Marvel 1602 #1-#8 (November 2003-June 2004), Sir Stephen Strange is both the court physician and magician to Queen Elizabeth I. The title Spider-Man 2099 introduced a female version of Strange who shares her body with a demon in issue #33 (1995). The miniseries Strange #1-#6 (November 2004-April 2005), written by J. Michael Straczynski and Samm Barnes, with artwork by Brandon Peterson, reimagined the character's origin, allies and enemies in a contemporary setting.

In the miniseries Marvel Zombies #1-#5 (February-June 2006), Strange is infected with a zombie virus along with many other heroes. He reappears in the second sequel, Marvel Zombies 3 #1-#4 (December 2008-March 2009)

In the alternate future universe of the Marvel imprint MC2, Doctor Strange is no longer the Sorcerer Supreme, the title there held by Doc Magnus. Doctor Strange uses his remaining power to reform the superhero team the Defenders in A-Next #3 (1998) and to fight the Norse god of mischief, Loki, Last Hero Standing #4 (February 2005).

The Ultimate Marvel title Ultimate Marvel Team-Up introduced a version of the character called "Stephen Strange, Jr.," the son of the original Doctor Strange, in Ultimate Marvel Team-Up #12 (July 2002). The character was killed in battle by the Ultimate Marvel version of Dormammu in the miniseries Ultimatum #1-#5 (January-September 2009).

Two months before the debut of the sorcerer-hero Doctor Strange, Stan Lee (editor and story-plotter), Robert Bernstein (scripter, under the pseudonym "R. Berns"), and Jack Kirby (artist) introduced a criminal scientist and Ph.D. with the same surname (called "Carl Strange"). Making his sole appearance in the Iron Man story "The Stronghold of Dr. Strange" in Tales of Suspense #41 (1963), the character gained mental powers in a freak lightning strike.

Collected editions

Various Doctor Strange stories have been collected into separate volumes.

• Essential Doctor Strange
  • Vol. 1 collects Strange Tales #110-#111, #114-#168; 608 pages, December 2001, ISBN 0-7851-2316-4
  • Vol. 2 collects Doctor Strange #169-#178, #180-#183; The Avengers #61; Sub-Mariner #22; The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #126; Marvel Feature #1; Marvel Premiere #3-#10, #12-#14, 608 pages, March 2005, ISBN 0-7851-1668-0
  • Vol. 3 collects Doctor Strange vol. 2, #1-#29, Doctor Strange Annual #1; and The Tomb of Dracula #44-#45, 616 pages, December 2007, ISBN 978-0-7851-2733-8
  • Vol. 4 collects Doctor Strange vol. 2, #30-#56; Chamber of Chills #4; Man-Thing #4, 564 pages, June 2009, ISBN 978-0-7851-3062-8
• Marvel Masterworks: Doctor Strange
  • Vol. 1, collects Strange Tales #110-#111, #114-#141, 272 pages, September 2003, ISBN 0-7851-1180-8
  • Vol. 2 collects Strange Tales #142-#168, 304 pages, September 2005, ISBN 0-7851-1737-7
  • Vol. 3 collects Doctor Strange #169-#179, 256 pages, The Avengers #61; March 2007, ISBN 0-7851-2410-1
  • Vol. 4 collects Doctor Strange #180-183; Sub-Mariner #22; The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #126; Marvel Feature #1; Marvel Premiere #3-#8, 272 pages, January 2010, ISBN 978-0-7851-3495-4
  • Vol. 5 collects Marvel Premiere #9-14; Doctor Strange vol. 2 #1-9, 272 pages, April 2011, ISBN 978-0-7851-5022-0
  • Vol. 6 collects Doctor Strange vol. 2 #10-22; Annual #1; Tomb of Dracula #44, 288 pages, July 2013, ISBN 978-0-7851-6786-0
• Origins of Marvel Comics. Marvel. 25 May 2011. ISBN 978-0-7851-5615-4. includes Doctor Strange stories from Strange Tales #110, 115, and 155, 254 pages.
• Stan Lee (May 1978). Stan Lee Presents Doctor Strange: Master of the Mystic Arts. Pocket Books. ISBN 978-0-671-81447-2. collects Doctor Strange stories from Strange Tales #111, 116, 119–120, 123, 131–133, 132 pages.
• Stan Lee (1998). Bring on the Bad Guys: Origins of Marvel Villains. Marvel Comics. ISBN 978-0-7851-0597-8. includes Doctor Strange stories from Strange Tales #126–127, 253 pages, October 1976, Simon & Schuster, ISBN 978-0671223557
• Stan Lee (1 January 1978). Marvel's Greatest Superhero Battles. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-24544-3. includes Doctor Strange stories from Strange Tales #139–141, 253 pages.
• Steve Englehart (2002). Doctor Strange: A Separate Reality. Marvel Enterprises, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-7851-0836-8. collects Marvel Premiere #9-10, 12-14; Doctor Strange vol. 2, #1–2, 4–5, 176 pages.
• Dr. Strange Vs. Dracula: The Montesi Formula. Marvel. 18 October 2006. ISBN 978-0-7851-2244-9., collects Doctor Strange vol. 2 #14, 58–62; The Tomb of Dracula 44, 160 pages, October 2006
• Infinity Gauntlet Aftermath (Doctor. Strange: Sorcerer Supreme #36)
• Doctor Strange: The Oath. Marvel. 6 June 2007. ISBN 978-0-7851-2211-1. collects Doctor Strange: The Oath #1–5,
• Dr. Strange: Strange Tales. Marvel. 26 October 2011. ISBN 978-0-7851-5549-2. collects Strange Tales vol. 2, #1–19, 240 pages, October 2011, ISBN 978-0-7851-5549-2
• Mark Waid (2010). Doctor is Out!. Marvel Worldwide, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-7851-4425-0.

In other media

Television

• Peter Hooten starred as Dr. Stephen Strange in the live-action TV movie Dr. Strange, which premiered on Sept. 6, 1978. In this film, Stephen Strange was a psychiatry resident rather than an experienced neurosurgeon. John Mills appeared as Thomas Lindmer, whom director-writer Philip DeGuere added to the story as a stand-in for the Ancient One.

• Dr. Strange appears in the Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends episode "7 Little Superheroes".
• Doctor Strange makes a cameo in the 1990s X-Men animated series episode "The Dark Phoenix Saga (Part 3)".
• Doctor Strange appears in the Spider-Man: The Animated Series (1994) episode "Doctor Strange", voiced by John Vernon. Doctor Strange and Wong help Spider-Man rescue Mary Jane Watson from Baron Mordo and Dormammu, and retrieve the Wand of Watoomb. After Spider-Man leaves, Doctor Strange detects the presence of Madame Web. Baron Mordo and Dormammu reappear in the "Sins of the Father" arc where Dormammu brings the Venom symbiote back to Earth and guides Venom and its offspring, Carnage, to their respective hosts.

• The 1997 episode "Mind Over Anti-Matter" of The Incredible Hulk animated series features Doctor Strange, voiced by Maurice LaMarche. He helps She-Hulk at the time when an unnamed evil entity has possessed Hulk turning him into the Dark Hulk.

• Doctor Strange appears in The Super Hero Squad Show episodes "Enter Dormammu", "A Brat Walks Among Us", "Night in the Sanctorum", "Invader from the Dark Dimension", and "Election of Evil", voiced by Roger Rose.

• Doctor Strange is featured in the Ultimate Spider-Man season one episode "Strange", voiced by Jack Coleman. He helps Spider-Man and Iron Fist at the time when Nightmare has placed everyone in Manhattan in a deep sleep. He appears in his astral form in season two episode "Journey of the Iron Fist" while visiting K'un-L'un. He appears in the season three episode "Cloak and Dagger".

• Doctor Strange appeared in the Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. episode "Stranger in a Strange Land". The character is voiced again by Jack Coleman.

• Doctor Strange appeared in several episodes of Marvel Disk Wars: The Avengers, voiced by Yasunori Masutani.

Film

• The 1992 film Doctor Mordrid began development as a Doctor Strange adaptation, but the studio's license expired before production began. The project was rewritten to change the main character's name and slightly alter his origin.

• In the animated direct-to-DVD movie Doctor Strange: The Sorcerer Supreme, released August 14, 2007, Strange (voiced by Bryce Johnson) travels to Tibet, seeking to heal his hands after a car accident. Training with the Ancient One and his pupils, Strange faces the emergence of Dormammu. Its broadcast premiere occurred November 1, 2008 on Cartoon Network.

• Doctor Strange has a brief non-speaking cameo in the film Planet Hulk. He and the members of the Illuminati regretfully inform Hulk of the decisions made to ensure his removal from Earth.

• A movie version of Doctor Strange was initially listed as being in pre-production in 1986, with a script by Bob Gale, but the outing never materialized. Savoy Pictures acquired the distribution rights and hired Wes Craven to write and direct a new Doctor Strange film in 1992 for a planned 1994 release date. After Savoy went bankrupt Columbia Pictures purchased the film rights, and hired David S. Goyer to draft a new screenplay in 1995. Goyer was subsequently replaced by Jeff Welch and Michael France before Columbia placed Doctor Strange in turnaround in 2000, despite interest from directors Chuck Russell and Stephen Norrington. Dimension Films picked up the project and brought Goyer back as both writer and director, but Miramax Films acquired the film rights from Dimension in 2001, and Goyer dropped out over other obligations. Development stalled, but in 2003, Marvel announced a 2005 theatrical release date. despite having no script that they were satisfied with by the following year. Producer Avi Arad expressed his enthusiasm to find an credible A-list writer to start from scratch on a new script. Paramount Pictures acquired the rights from Miramax in April 2005, and considered Doctor Strange as either a $165 million tentpole, or a stripped-down $50 million film. Guillermo del Toro was attached to direct in February 2008, having approached Neil Gaiman on the possibility of co-writing the script. The particular film adaptation never materialized.

In June 2010, Marvel Studios hired Thomas Dean Donnelly and Joshua Oppenheimer to write the screenplay for Dr. Strange. By January 2013, Marvel Studios president Kevin Feige confirmed that Doctor Strange will appear in some capacity as part of "Phase Three" of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. In May 2013, Feige stated that a Doctor Strange feature film is already in development at Marvel Studios. In February 2014, THR reported that Marvel is considering Mark Andrews, Jonathan Levine, Nikolaj Arcel and Dean Israelite to direct the film, as well as Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger to pen the script. In June 2014, Scott Derrickson was hired to helm Marvel's adaptation. It was also revealed that Donnelly and Oppenheimer were still attached to write the screenplay. Jon Spaihts entered negotiations to rewrite the script in July. On June 20, 2014, Feige stated at CineEurope in Barcelona that principal photography is expected to start in the spring of 2015. In December, 2014, Marvel confirmed that Benedict Cumberbatch will play the titular role. The film is scheduled to begin shooting in May 2015 at Pinewood-Shepperton studios in the UK, and is scheduled for release on November 4, 2016.

Video games

• Doctor Strange acts as Spider-Man's advisor in cutscenes in The Amazing Spider-Man vs. The Kingpin, on the Sega Master System and Sega Game Gear.

• Doctor Strange appears as a playable character in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance voiced by James Horan.

• Doctor Strange appears in Hsien-Ko's ending in Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds. He later appears as a playable character in the updated version of the game, Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3. He is voiced by Rick Pasqualone.

• Doctor Strange appears as a playable character in Marvel Super Hero Squad Online.

• Doctor Strange appears as a playable character in the Facebook game Marvel: Avengers Alliance.

• Doctor Strange appears as a playable character in the 2012 fighting game Marvel Avengers: Battle for Earth.

• Doctor Strange appears as a playable character in Marvel Heroes.

• Doctor Strange appears in Lego Marvel Super Heroes, with James Horan reprising the role. In a bonus mission at the Sanctum Sanctorum, the Human Torch and the Invisible Woman arrive to help Doctor Strange when Dormammu traps Doctor Strange in a mirror. When the Human Torch and the Invisible Woman destroy the artifacts, Doctor Strange is freed as he helps them fight Dormammu and an army of skeletons. The heroes defeat Dormammu who is then sent back to the Dark Dimension.

Novels

• In the late 1970s, Pocket Books published Doctor Strange, Master of the Mystic Arts: Nightmare, by William Rotsler.

• In the 1968 book The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Tom Wolfe writes about Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters' interest in comics and specifically references Strange.

• In the 2006 novel Spider-Man: The Darkest Hours, Strange appears briefly as a fellow superhero from whom Spider-Man seeks assistance when struggling against three vengeful siblings of Morlun.

Merchandise

• A 3 ⁄₄″ Doctor Strange toy was released as part of the 2011 series Marvel Universe.

• Doctor Strange was the 40th issue in the Classic Marvel Figurine Collection.

• A six inch Doctor Strange toy was released in the 2005 Galactus series of Marvel Legends.

• Doctor Strange was a playable character in the Galactic Guardians set of Marvel Heroclix.

References

1. Ditko, Steve (w). "Toyland: "Martin Goodman/Stan Lee"" The Avenging Mind (April 2008). Robin Snyder and Steve Ditko.
2. Stan Lee letter to Jerry Bails, January 9, 1963 (first paragraph of P.S.), published in The Comic Reader (16) February 23, 1963. Letter reprinted online. Archived from the original on April 9, 2014.
3. Brevoort, Tom; DeFalco, Tom; Manning, Matthew, eds. (2008). Marvel Chronicle: A Year by Year History. Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 978-0-7566-4123-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help) DeFalco in "1960s" Brevoort, DeFalco & Manning 2008, p. 93

   "When Dr. Strange first appeared in Strange Tales #110, it was only clear that he dabbled in black magic and had the ability to project his consciousness into an astral form that could leave his physical body."

4. Daniels, Les (1991). Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics. Harry N. Abrams. p. 114. ISBN 9780810938212. Inspired by the Mutual Network radio show Chandu the Magician, which Lee had enjoyed during his childhood, Dr. Strange was in fact a more impressive character than Chandu.
5. Benton, Mike (1991). Superhero Comics of the Silver Age: The Illustrated History. Dallas: Taylor Publishing Company. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-87833-746-0.
6. Green, Robin (September 16, 1971). "Face Front! Clap Your Hands, You're on the Winning Team!". Rolling Stone (91). via fan site Green Skin's Grab-Bag: page 31 of print version. Archived from the original on September 14, 2011. Retrieved September 14, 2011. {{cite journal}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; October 7, 2010 suggested (help); |page= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
7. "Strange Tales #134". Grand Comics Database. "Indexer notes: Part 5 of 17. First mention of Eternity. Strange would finally find it in Strange Tales #138 (Nov. 1965)."
8. Wright, Bradford W. (2001). Comic Book Nation: Transformation of a Youth Culture. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 213. ISBN 0-8018-7450-5.
9. ^ DeFalco in Brevoort, DeFalco & Manning 2008, p. 128

   "Hailing 1968 as the beginning of the 'Second Age of Marvel Comics,' and with more titles to play with, editor Stan Lee discarded his split books and gave more characters their own titles…Strange Tales #168 by Dr. Strange #169."

10. Doctor Strange at the Grand Comics Database
11. Field, Tom (2005). Secrets in the Shadows: The Art & Life of Gene Colan. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing. pp. 79–80. ISBN 978-1893905450.
12. Thomas (interviewer) (Autumn 2000). "So You Want a Job, Eh? The Gene Colan Interview". Alter Ego. 3 (6): 13–14. {{cite journal}}: |author= has generic name (help)
13. "Marvel News". Marvelmania Magazine (5): 30. 1970.
14. Sanderson, Peter in Brevoort, DeFalco & Manning 2008, p. 151

    " Thomas and artist Ross Andru reunited Strange, the Hulk, and Namor as a brand new Marvel superhero team—the Defenders."

15. Sanderson "1970s" Brevoort, DeFalco & Manning 2008, p. 156

    "Dr. Strange began a new series of solo adventures. He got off to an impressive start with story scripted by Stan Lee and illustrated by Barry Windsor-Smith."

16. ^ Englehart, Steve (w), Brunner, Frank (p), Crusty Bunkers (i). "Finally, Shuma-Gorath!" Marvel Premiere, no. 10 (September 1973).
17. Cronin, Brian (December 22, 2005). "Comic Book Urban Legends Revealed #30". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on January 12, 2013. Retrieved December 26, 2008. We cooked up this plot—we wrote a letter from a Reverend Billingsley in Texas, a fictional person, saying that one of the children in his parish brought him the comic book, and he was astounded and thrilled by it, and he said, 'Wow, this is the best comic book I've ever read.' And we signed it 'Reverend so-and-so, Austin Texas'—and when Steve was in Texas, he mailed the letter so it had the proper postmark. Then, we got a phone call from Roy, and he said, 'Hey, about that retraction, I'm going to send you a letter, and instead of the retraction, I want you to print this letter.' And it was our letter! We printed our letter! {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; February 4, 2012 suggested (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
18. Doctor Strange vol. 2 at the Grand Comics Database
19. Wolfman, Marv (w), Colan, Gene (p), Palmer, Tom (i). "His Name Is Doctor Strange" The Tomb of Dracula, no. 44 (May 1976).
    Englehart, Steve (w), Colan, Gene (p), Palmer, Tom (i). "The Tomb of Dr. Strange!" Doctor Strange, vol. 2, no. 14 (May 1976).
    Sanderson "1970s" in Brevoort, DeFalco & Manning 2008, p. 175

    "The great Marvel artist Gene Colan was doing suberb work illustrating both Doctor Strange and The Tomb of Dracula. So it made sense for Strange writer Steve Englehart and Tomb author Marv Wolfman to devise a crossover story."

20. Sanderson "1970s" in Brevoort, DeFalco & Manning 2008, p. 174

    "The year 1976 was the 200th anniversary of the United States' Declaration of Independence. So it was appropriate that several of the major events in Marvel history that year dealt with political themes… In September, just before departing from Marvel for DC Comics, writer Steve Englehart sent Dr. Strange back through time to meet one of the men responsible for the Declaration of Independence, Benjamin Franklin.

21. Sacks, Jason (September 6, 2010). "Top 10 1970s Marvels". Comics Bulletin. Archived from the original on August 3, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
22. Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme at the Grand Comics Database
23. Doctor Strange: Sorcerer Supreme #60-68
24. Doctor Strange: Sorcerer Supreme #80-90
25. Doctor Strange: Sorcerer Supreme #60-75
26. Manning, Matthew K. "1990s" in Brevoort, DeFalco & Manning 2008, p. 262

    "Writer Roy Thomas and penciller Andre Coates created this new series that ran until 1995.

27. Manning "2000s" Brevoort, DeFalco & Manning 2008, p. 323

    "Scribes J. Michael Straczynski and Samm Barnes, with artist Brandon Peterson, retold Dr. Strange's mystical origin for a new generation of fans in this six-issue limited series.

28. Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Yu, Leinil Francis (p), Yu, Leinil Francis (i). "Revolution Part One" The New Avengers, no. 27 (April 2007).
29. ^ Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Tan, Billy (p), Banning, Matt (i). "You shouldn't be here, Jericho" The New Avengers, no. 54 (August 2009).
30. "NEW AVENGERS (2013 - PRESENT)". Marvel.
31. Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Immonen, Stuart (p), Von Grawbadger, Wade (i). "Um… Sshh! We are ready" The New Avengers, vol. 2, no. 6 (January 2011).
32. Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Adams, Neal (p), Pamer, Tom (i). "Look at me, Norman" The New Avengers, vol. 2, no. 16.1 (November 2011).
33. ^ Bendis, Brian Michael (w), Deodato, Mike (p), Deodato, Mike (i). The New Avengers, vol. 2, no. 34 (January 2013).
34. New Avengers vol. 3) #27
35. DeFalco "1960s" in Brevoort, DeFalco & Manning 2008, p. 93

    "Dr. Strange's archenemy, Baron Mordo, was introduced in Strange Tales #111.

36. ^ Lee, Stan (w), Ditko, Steve (p), Ditko, Steve (i). "The Origin of Dr. Strange" Strange Tales, no. 115 (December 1963).
37. Strange Tales #110 (July 1963)
38. Lee, Stan (w), Ditko, Steve (p), Ditko, Steve (i). "Dr. Strange Master of Black Magic!" Strange Tales, no. 110 (July 1963).
39. DeFalco "1960s" in Brevoort, DeFalco & Manning 2008, p. 103

    "Clea, Dr. Strange's longtime girlfriend from the Dark Dimension, debuted in Strange Tales #126.

40. Stern, Roger (w), Smith, Paul (p), Smith, Paul (i). "Secret Origin" Doctor Strange, vol. 2, no. 72 (Aug 1985).
41. Lee, Stan (w), Ditko, Steve (p), Ditko, Steve (i). "The Domain of the Dread Dormammu!" Strange Tales, no. 126 (Nov 1964).
42. Lee, Stan (w), Ditko, Steve (p), Ditko, Steve (i). "Return to the Nightmare World!" Strange Tales, no. 116 (January 1964).
43. Lee, Stan (w), Ditko, Steve (p), Ditko, Steve (i). "The Possessed!" Strange Tales, no. 118 (March 1964).
44. Englehart, Steve (w), Buscema, Sal (p), Bolle, Frank (i). The Defenders, no. 11 (Dec, 1973).
45. Simonson, Walt (w), Gibbons, Dave (p), Gibbons, Dave (i). "…Perchance to Dream" Marvel Fanfare, no. 41 (Dec. 1988).
46. Kaminski, Len (w), Isherwood, Geof (p), Petrecca, Bob; Hudson, Don (i). "To Serve in Heaven" Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme, no. 48 (Dec. 1992).
47. Ellis, Warren (w), Buckingham, Mark (p), Sutherland, Kev F. (i). "Earthquake Logic" Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme, no. 80 (August 1995).
48. "Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme #15". Grand Comics Database. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
49. Cronin, Brian (February 29, 2008). "Comic Book Urban Legends Revealed #144". ComicBookResources.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2012. Retrieved December 2, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
50. "Amy Grant Sues Marvel". The Comics Journal (136). Fantagraphics Books. July 1990.
51. "Plus Entertainment". Chicago Sun-Times. April 9, 1990. Retrieved December 6, 2007. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
52. Christiansen, Jeff (May 11, 2002). "Doctor Strange". The Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe. Archived from the original on March 3, 2013. Retrieved March 3, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
53. "The Bizarre Case of the 1978 Doctor Strange Movie". ScreenCrush.
54. "Comics Continuum". Comics Continuum. July 28, 2009. Archived from the original on March 3, 2013. Retrieved September 13, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
55. "Stranger in a Strange Land". Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. Season 1. Episode 20. March 30, 2014. Disney XD.
56. "Listings - Marvel's Hulk And The Agents Of S.M.A.S.H. On Disney Xd". The Futon Critic. n.d. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved March 10, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
57. ^ Pauls, J. B. "The Rewind: Doctor Mordrid". Living Myth Magazine. Archived from the original on July 17, 2014. Retrieved May 9, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
58. Fischer, Dennis (17 June 2011). Science Fiction Film Directors, 1895-1998. McFarland. p. 88. ISBN 9780786485055.
59. "The Doctor is In: Doctor Strange DVD and Blu-Ray in Stores Now". Marvel Comics. August 14, 2007. Archived from the original on March 3, 2013. Retrieved March 3, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
60. Lee, Stan (April 1986). "Stan Lee Sounds Off". Comics Feature. p. 40. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
61. "Marvel characters holding attraction for filmmakers". Variety. December 9, 1992. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2008. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
62. Frook, John Evan (February 8, 1993). "Savoy making public bow". Variety. Archived from the original on November 30, 2014. Retrieved March 30, 2008. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
63. Stax (June 22, 2001). "Goyer Talks 'Dr. Strange' & 'Ghost Rider'". IGN. Archived from the original on March 13, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
64. Fleming, Michael (April 14, 1997). "A Mania For Marvel". Variety. Archived from the original on March 10, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2008. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; June 11, 2008 suggested (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
65. Fleming, Michael (April 4, 2000). "'Noon' strikes twice at Spyglass for 3 scribes". Variety. Archived from the original on September 9, 2014. Retrieved March 30, 2008. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
66. "Doctor Goyer Is Strange". IGN. June 21, 2001. Archived from the original on March 3, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
67. Fleming, Michael (August 20, 2001). "New Line sharpens Blade 3". Variety. Archived from the original on March 10, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2008. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 22, 2008 suggested (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
68. Worley, Rob (March 5, 2002). "Goyer on 'Ghost Rider', 'Zigzag' and More". Mania.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
69. Worley, Rob (March 4, 2003). "Marvel Movies: The Next Wave". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on March 3, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
70. Rahner, Mark (June 27, 2004). "Marvel Studios CEO on Spider-Man 2, other films". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on March 3, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2008. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
71. Bond, Paul (September 6, 2005). "Marvel in control of own universe". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on October 15, 2007. Retrieved March 30, 2008. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
72. Richards, Olly (February 8, 2008). "Exclusive: Del Toro To Make Dr Strange?". Empire. Archived from the original on October 17, 2014. Retrieved March 30, 2008. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
73. Fleming, Mike (June 21, 2010). "Will Dr. Strange Be Marvel's First Superhero To Fly Under the Disney Banner?". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on March 3, 2013. Retrieved June 22, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
74. Wigler, Josh (January 25, 2013). "Ant-Man, Doctor Strange Lead Marvel's Phase Three". MTV. Archived from the original on March 3, 2013. Retrieved January 25, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
75. Chitwood, Adam (May 3, 2013). "Kevin Feige Says Doctor Strange Is "Next Up" for Marvel to Explore; Hints at Possible Phase Three Release". Collider. Archived from the original on October 24, 2014. Retrieved May 3, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
76. Kit, Borys (May 7, 2013). "Marvel Cliffhanger: Robert Downey Jr.'s $50 Million Sequel Showdown". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on November 17, 2014. Retrieved August 3, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
77. Bory, Bo (November 4, 2013). "Kevin Feige Talks Thor: The Dark World and The Future of Marvel Studios". MovieWeb.com. Archived from the original on November 17, 2014. Retrieved November 5, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
78. Kit, Borys (February 20, 2014). "'Doctor Strange' Heating Up as Marvel Vets Directors (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on February 20, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2014. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
79. Siegel, Tatiana; Kit, Borys (June 3, 2014). "Scott Derrickson to Direct Marvel's 'Doctor Strange'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on June 3, 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
80. Fleming, Jr, Mike (June 6, 2014). "Marvel Starts Doctor Strange Search: Tom Hardy, Benedict Cumberbatch Early Wish-Listers". Deadline. Archived from the original on October 29, 2014. Retrieved June 6, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
81. Fleming, Jr, Mike (June 18, 2014). "Marvel Setting Jon Spaihts To Script 'Doctor Strange'". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on June 18, 2014. Retrieved June 18, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
82. "Marvel's Kevin Feige updates on Guardians Of The Galaxy, Thanos, Ant-Man, TV shows and Doctor Strange". Total Films. June 20, 2014. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved June 20, 2014. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; November 30, 2014 suggested (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
83. http://marvel.com/news/movies/23754/benedict_cumberbatch_to_play_doctor_strange
84. Wiseman, Andreas (September 17, 2014). "Marvel's Doctor Strange set to shoot in UK". Screen Daily. Archived from the original on September 17, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
85. Siegel, Lucas (October 28, 2014). "Marvel Announces Black Panther, Captain Marvel, Inhumans, Avengers: Infinity War Films, Cap & Thor 3 Subtitles". Newsarama. Archived from the original on October 28, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
86. Denick, Thom (2006). Marvel Ultimate Alliance: Signature Series Guide. Indianapolis, Indiana: Brady Games. pp. 44–45. ISBN 0-7440-0844-1.
87. Sinclair, Brendan (July 20, 2011). "Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3 roster leaked". Gamespot.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2013. Retrieved March 3, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
88. Baker, Chris (October 31, 2011). "Doctor Strange is voiced by Rick Pasqualone". Twitter. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; November 30, 2014 suggested (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
89. "LEGO Marvel Super Heroes: Stan Lee sera jouable…" (in French). Brick Heroes. July 20, 2013. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
90. "Hasbro's Marvel Universe Toy Line Expands With a 'Captain America' 3-Pack and Doctor Strange Astral Variant Read More: Hasbro's Marvel Universe Toy Line Expands With a 'Captain America' 3-Pack and Doctor Strange Astral Variant". Comics Alliance.
91. "CLASSIC MARVEL FIGURINE COLLECTION #040 DOCTOR DR STRANGE EAGLEMOSS PUBLICATIONS". Heroes Assemble.
92. "Marvel Legends Galactus Series". Marvel Legends.
93. "Clix Beat: Dr. Strange". Heroclixworld.com. February 28, 2012. Archived from the original on March 3, 2013. Retrieved March 3, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

Notes

1. The blue "novice" version first appeared in Strange Tales #110 (1963), with the red "master" version first appearing in Strange Tales #127 (1964).

External links

• Doctor Strange: Sanctum Sanctorum
• The Lesser Book of the Vishanti by Catherine Yronwode
• Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme

• Misplaced Pages articles needing copy edit from December 2014
• Marvel Comics superheroes
• Characters created by Stan Lee
• Characters created by Steve Ditko
• Comics adapted into films
• Comics characters introduced in 1963
• Fictional surgeons
• Magic in comics
• Marvel Comics characters who use magic
• Ultimate Marvel characters