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John C. Cremony

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John Carey Cremony
Cremony in 1873
Born1815
Boston, Massachusetts
DiedAugust 24, 1879
San Francisco, California
Years of service1861–1872
Rank Major
Unit2nd California Cavalry Regiment
Commands1st California Cavalry Battalion
Battles / warsMexican American War
American Civil War
Apache Wars
Other workauthor

Major John C. Cremony (1815 – August 24, 1879) was an American newspaperman

Early life

Cremony was born in Boston in 1815 and claimed to have been of Cuban descent. He ran away to sea where he bore witness to piracy and the slave trade.

He enlisted in the Massachusetts Volunteers in 1846, and served as an interpreter with the rank of lieutenant. After the War with Mexico Cremony served as a Spanish-language interpreter for the U.S. Boundary Commission which laid out the Mexican and United States Border between 1849–1852. He went on to serve as captain in Company B, 2nd Regiment California Volunteer Cavalry a unit of California Volunteers, with the California Column in New Mexico Territory. He eventually achieved the rank of major in 1864 and commanded the 1st Battalion of Native Cavalry, California Volunteers until 1866.

In the southwest

Cremony served most of his military career in the Southwest and personally knew Apache Chiefs Mangas Coloradas and Cochise. He was the first white man to become fluent in the Apache language, learning it in his role as an interpreter, and publishing the first written compilation of their language as a glossary for the army. As a result, Cremony was often able to resolve numerous issues between the military, reservation authorities and the Apaches. Not all of Cremony's discourses with the Apache were peaceful, however. He killed one warrior in a grueling knife fight and chronicled a non-stop 21-hour chase when he was pursued by a band of Sierra Blanca Apache (White Mountain Apache) of some 125 miles (201 km) through the desert of New Mexico while on horseback; 70 miles (110 km) of which were at a full gallop. Cremony authored Life Among the Apaches, published in 1869, which described his experiences with the tribe.

Post military life

After retiring from the army, Cremony settled in San Francisco, becoming a founding member of the Bohemian Club and establishing the club's membership guidelines in 1872. He was the first editor of San Francisco's Weekly Sunday Times newspaper.

Cremopny died of tuberculosis on August 24, 1879 and is buried at Cypress Lawn Memorial Park on the Laurel Hill Mound in San Francisco, California.

Legacy

Although he was one of the first Americans who could speak the Apache language, Cremony never really lived among the Apache in the way the title of his book suggests. Historians of the West have come to deem many of Cremony's accounts of his Indian campaigns extravagant. The Arizona Evening Star compared his veracity to that of Baron Munchausen, and a soldier who served under him did not "believe anything he says except when he says he wants whiskey."

Bibliography

References

  1. Joseph Norman Heard (1987). Handbook of the American Frontier: The far west. Scarecrow Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-8108-3283-1.
  2. ^ Soldier in the California Column, The Diary of John W. Teal, Arizona and the West, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Spring, 1971), p. 33
  3. Masich, Andrew E. (4 December 2012). The Civil War in Arizona: The Story of the California Volunteers, 1861–1865. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-8061-8196-7.
  4. Soldier in the California Column, The Diary of John W. Teal, Arizona and the West, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Spring, 1971), pp. 33–82
  5. ^ Varner, K.(2007)John Cremony.Cypress Lawn Heritage Newsletter. 5(3)p.6
  6. ^ Nevin, David (1973). The Old West: The Soldiers. New York: Time Life. p. 238. ISBN 978-1-4161-2448-1. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  7. Geronimo (edited by Barrett) Geronimo, His Own Story New York: Ballantine Books 1971. ISBN 0-345-28036-9.
  8. Secrest, William B. (2006). California Badmen: Mean Men with Guns. Quill Driver Books. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-884995-51-4.
  9. Thompson, Jerry D. (2008). New Mexico Territory During the Civil War: Wallen and Evans Inspection Reports, 1862-1863. University of New Mexico Press. p. 289. ISBN 978-0-8263-4481-6.
  10. Encyclopedia of Frontier Biography: A-F, p. 343.
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