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John Evershed CIE FRS FRAS (26 February 1864 – 17 November 1956) was an English astronomer. He was the first to observe radial motions in sunspots, a phenomenon now known as the Evershed effect.

Biography

Evershed was born in Gomshall, Surrey to John and Sophia (née Price) Evershed. He made the discovery which bears his name while at Kodaikanal Observatory in 1909. After retirement in 1923 he set up a private observatory at Ewhurst, Surrey and built a large spectroheliograph of special design and another with high-dispersion liquid prism. He continued to study the wave-lengths of H and K lines in prominences, giving values of the solar rotation at high levels in different latitudes and at different phases of the solar cycle. Work continued until 1950 when the observatory closed and he presented some of his instruments to the Royal Greenwich Observatory at Herstmonceux. In the autumn of 1890 was a founding member of the British Astronomical Association. He directed its Solar Spectroscopy Section (1893-1899) and Spectroscopic Section (1924-1926).

Awards and honours

In 1894 Evershed was elected a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, in 1918 he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May, 1915. The Evershed crater on the Moon is named in his honor. He was awarded as a Companion of the Indian Empire on his retirement in 1923.

Personal life

Evershed was married to fellow astronomer Mary Acworth Orr Evershed, with whom he co-authored some work. He died in Ewhurst, Surrey on 17 November 1956. He also had interest in lepidoptera and other insects. W. H. Evans described a butterfly and named it after Evershed(Thoressa evershedi-Evans, 1910) as the first specimen was collected by Evershed. In 2015 his archive was acquired by the Science Museum, London.

Bibliography

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

• Report of his Observatory. vol. 94 (1934), p. 318
• Report of his Observatory. vol. 95 (1935), p. 379
• Report of his Observatory. vol. 96 (1936), p. 337
• Report of his Observatory. vol. 97 (1937), p. 327
• Report of his Observatory. vol. 98 (1938), p. 296
• Report of his Observatory. vol. 100 (1940), p. 298
• Report of his Observatory. vol. 102 (1942), p. 94
• Report of his Observatory. vol. 103 (1943), p. 84
• Report of his Observatory. vol. 105 (1945), p. 122
• Report of his Observatory. vol. 106 (1946), p. 59
• Report of his Observatory. vol. 107 (1947), p. 81
• Report of his Observatory. vol. 108 (1948), p. 78
• Report of his Observatory. vol. 109 (1949), p. 177
• Report of his Observatory. vol. 110 (1950), p. 164
• Report of his Observatory. vol. 111 (1951), p. 216

Nature

• The Chromosphere. vol. 37 (1887), p. 79
• The Corona Spectrum. vol. 48 (1893), p. 268
• A Remarkable Flight of Birds. vol. 52 (1895), p. 508
• The Corona Spectrum. vol. 56 (1897), p. 444
• Solar Radiation. vol. 58 (1898), p. 619
• Absorption Markings in “K” Spectroheliograms. vol. 86 (1911), p. 348
• Absorption Markings in “K” Spectroheliograms. vol. 87 (1911), p. 111
• Butterfly Migration in Relation to Mimicry. vol. 89 (1912), p. 659
• Luminous Halos surrounding Shadows of Heads. vol. 90 (1913), p. 592
• The Green Flash. vol. 95 (1915), p. 286
• A Question of Albedo. vol. 96 (1915), p. 369
• Scarcity of Wasps in Kashmir in 1916. vol. 99 (1917), p. 185
• Observations of Nova Aquilæ in India. vol. 102 (1918), p. 105
• The Magnetic Storm of August 11-12, 1919. vol. 104 (1920), p. 436
• Terrestrial Magnetic Disturbances and Sun-spots. vol. 108 (1921), p. 566
• Optical Definition and Resolving Power. vol. 110 (1922), p. 179
• The Green Flash at Sunset. vol. 111 (1923), p. 13
• An Uncommon Type of Cloud. vol. 112 (1923), p. 901
• Photographic Studies of Solar Prominences. 116 (1925), p. 30
• Letter to Editor. vol. 116 (1925), p. 395
• The ‘Green Flash’. vol. 120 (1927), p. 876

Journal of the British Astronomical Association,

• The Distribution of the Solar Prominence of 1891. vol. 2 (1892), p. 174
• Some recent attempts to photograph the Faculae and Prominences. vol. 3 (1893), p. 269
• The Cause of the Darkness of Sun Spots. vol. 7 (1897), p. 190
• A New Arrangement of Prisms for a Solar Prominence Spectroscope. vol. 7 (1897), p. 331

References

1. ^ Stratton, F. J. M. (1957). "John Evershed 1864-1956". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 3: 40–51. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1957.0004. JSTOR 769351.
2. "1957MNRAS.117..254. Page 254". articles.adsabs.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
3. "1957MNRAS.117..253. Page 253". articles.adsabs.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
4. Hockey, Thomas (2009). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Springer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0.
5. "Library and Archive Catalogue". Royal Society. Retrieved 1 December 2010.
6. Snedegar, Keith (2014). "Evershed, John". Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Springer International Publishing AG. pp. 684–686. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9917-7_431. ISBN 978-1-4419-9916-0.
7. A list of butterflies of the Palni hills. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 1886.

External links

• J. Evershed @ Astrophysics Data System

John Evershed in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

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