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| Storming of the United States Capitol | |
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| Part of the 2020–21 United States election protests and attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election | |
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| Date | January 6, 2021 (2021-01-06) |
| Location | United States Capitol, Washington, D.C. 38°53′23.3″N 77°00′32.6″W / 38.889806°N 77.009056°W / 38.889806; -77.009056 |
| Caused by |
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| Goals |
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| Methods | Rioting, vandalism, looting, assault, shootings, arson, public indecency, attempted bombings |
| Resulted in |
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| Casualties and arrests | |
| Death(s) | 5 dead
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| Injuries |
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| Arrested |
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The storming of the United States Capitol was a riot and violent attack against the 117th United States Congress on January 6, 2021, carried out by a mob of supporters of U.S. President Donald Trump in an attempt to overturn his defeat in the 2020 presidential election. After attending a pro-Trump rally on the morning of January 6, thousands of his supporters marched down Pennsylvania Avenue to the Capitol. That afternoon, many stormed the Capitol in an effort to disrupt the Electoral College vote count by a joint session of Congress, and prevent the formalization of President-elect Joe Biden's election victory. Breaching police perimeters, rioters then occupied, vandalized, and looted parts of the building for several hours. The assault led to the evacuation and lockdown of the Capitol, as well as five deaths. The FBI is involved in a wide ranging investigation that is ongoing and "will leave no stone unturned."
Called to action by Trump, his supporters gathered in Washington, D.C., on January 5 and 6 in support of his false claim that the 2020 election had been "stolen" from him, and to demand that Vice President Mike Pence and Congress reject Biden's victory. At a "Save America" rally on the Ellipse on January 6, Trump, Donald Trump Jr., Rudy Giuliani, and several members of Congress incited a crowd of Trump supporters. Trump told them to "fight like hell" to "take back our country", encouraging them to march over to the Capitol. Giuliani called for "trial by combat" and Trump Jr. threatened the president's opponents by saying "we're coming for you", having called for "total war" in the weeks leading up to the riots. After marching to the Capitol and overwhelming thinly manned police barricades, many protesters became violent. They assaulted Capitol Police officers, killing one; assaulted reporters; erected a gallows on the Capitol grounds; chanted "Hang Mike Pence"; and attempted to locate lawmakers to take hostage and harm, including House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) and Pence, the latter for refusing to illegally overturn Trump's electoral loss.
As the rioters entered the Capitol by breaking through doors and windows, Capitol security evacuated the Senate and House of Representatives chambers. Several buildings in the Capitol complex were evacuated, and all were locked down. Rioters broke past interior security to occupy the empty Senate chamber while federal law enforcement officers drew handguns to defend the evacuated House floor. The offices of many members of Congress, including Pelosi, were looted and vandalized. Improvised explosive devices were found on the Capitol grounds, as well as at offices of the Democratic National Committee, the Republican National Committee, and in a nearby vehicle. Five people, including a Capitol Police officer, died from the events, while dozens more were injured.
Trump initially resisted sending the District of Columbia National Guard to quell the mob. In a Twitter video, he called the rioters "great patriots" and told them to "go home in peace" while repeating his false election claims. Pressured by his administration, the threat of removal, and numerous resignations, Trump committed to an orderly transition of power in a televised statement. The crowd was dispersed from the Capitol later that evening, and the counting of the electoral votes resumed and was completed in the early morning hours. Pence declared Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris victors and affirmed that they will assume office on January 20. It was later reported that Trump told White House aides that he regretted his "orderly transition" statement and that he would not resign from office.
The events were widely condemned by political leaders and organizations in the United States and internationally. Speaking in Congress immediately following their return to the floor, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) called the storming of the Capitol a "failed insurrection" and affirmed that Trump's claims of election fraud were false. Pelosi and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY) called for Trump to be removed from office, through the 25th Amendment or by impeachment. Facebook locked Trump's accounts and removed posts related to the incident; Twitter initially locked his account for 12 hours before permanently suspending it.
The storming of the Capitol was variously described as treason, insurrection, sedition, domestic terrorism, and an attempt by Trump to carry out a self-coup or coup d'état. Opinion polls showed that a large majority of Americans disapproved of the storming of the Capitol and of Trump's actions leading up to it, although some Republicans supported the attack or did not blame Trump for it. On January 11, Trump admitted to House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy that he was partially to blame for the violence at the Capitol. That same day, an Article of Impeachment charging Trump with "incitement of insurrection" against the U.S. government was introduced to the United States House of Representatives with over 200 co-sponsors. The Joint Chiefs of Staff released a January 12 statement condemning the episode, writing, "We witnessed actions inside the Capitol building that were inconsistent with the rule of law. The rights of freedom of speech and assembly do not give anyone the right to resort to violence, sedition and insurrection." The statement reminded service members to reject extremism and to defend the Constitution, and affirmed that Joe Biden would take office on January 20.
 2020 U.S. presidential election | |||
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Background
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While there have been other attacks and bombings of the Capitol in the 19th and 20th centuries, the 2021 riot was the first time that the Capitol had been breached or occupied since the 1814 burning of Washington by the British Army during the War of 1812.
Democratic candidate Joe Biden won the 2020 United States presidential election, defeating the incumbent Republican president Donald Trump, on November 3, 2020. Before, during, and after the counting of votes, Trump and other Republicans attempted to overturn the election, falsely claiming widespread voter fraud in five swing states – Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin – which had been won by Biden.
Actions undertaken by Trump to try to overturn the results included filing at least 60 lawsuits that sought to nullify election certifications and void votes cast for Biden in each of the five states (all but one being defeated, including two brought to the Supreme Court, due to lack of evidence or standing); mounting campaigns to pressure Republican-controlled state legislatures to nullify results by replacing slates of Biden electors with those declared to Trump; and/or manufacture evidence of fraud (which would likely violate certain election tampering statutes enacted by the states); and demanding lawmakers investigate supposed election "irregularities" or conduct signature matches of mail-in ballots (regardless of efforts already undertaken during vote counting). Trump also personally inquired about, but did not act upon, invoking martial law to "re-run" the election in the swing states that Biden won (which would violate federal law prohibiting election oversight by the U.S. military, and likely be considered an unconstitutional suspension of civil liberties) and hiring a special counsel to find incidences of fraud (even though federal and state officials have concluded that such cases were very isolated or non-existent).
Congress was scheduled to meet on January 6, 2021, to count the results of the Electoral College vote and certify the winner of the election. Trump had spent previous days suggesting that Vice President Mike Pence should reject Biden's victory, an act that is not within Pence's constitutional powers as vice president and president of the Senate, and he repeated this call in his speech on the morning of January 6. The same afternoon, Pence released a letter to Congress in which he said he would not challenge Biden's victory.
Planning of the storming
Trump announced plans for a rally before the January 6 vote count to continue his challenge to the validity of several states' election results. On December 18, Trump announced on Twitter, "Big protest in D.C. on January 6th. Be there, will be wild!" The "Save America March" and rally that preceded the riots at the Capitol were largely organized by Women for America First, a 501(c)(4) organization chaired by Amy Kremer. Women for America First invited its supporters to join a caravan of vehicles traveling to the event. Event management for Trump's speech was carried out by Event Strategies, a company founded by Tim Unes, who worked for Trump's 2016 presidential campaign.
Ali Alexander, a right-wing political activist who took part in organizing the rally and expressed support for the storming as "completely peaceful", was reported as saying in December that Representatives Paul Gosar (R–AZ), Andy Biggs (R–AZ) and Mo Brooks (R–AL) were involved in the planning of "something big". "We’re the four guys who came up with a January 6 event,” he said. According to Alexander, "It was to build momentum and pressure and then on the day change hearts and minds of Congress peoples who weren't yet decided or who saw everyone outside and said, 'I can't be on the other side of that mob.'" His remarks received considerably more scrutiny after the events of January 6, causing Biggs to respond with a statement denying any relationship between himself and Alexander.
The rioters had openly planned to disrupt the counting of Electoral College ballots for several weeks prior to the event, and had called for violence against Congress, Pence, and law enforcement. Plans were coordinated on "alt-tech" platforms – distinct from larger social media platforms such as Reddit or Twitter, which have implemented bans to censor violent language and images. Websites like the online forum TheDonald.win (founded after its predecessor, r/The Donald, was banned from Reddit), the social networking service Parler, the chat app Telegram, Gab, and others, were used to discuss previous Trump rallies and to make plans for storming the Capitol. Many of the posters planned for violence prior to the event, with some individuals discussing how to avoid police on the streets, which tools to bring to help pry open doors, and how to smuggle weapons into Washington D.C. Following clashes with Washington D.C police during protests on December 12, 2020, the Proud Boys and far-right groups turned against supporting law enforcement. At least one group, Stop the Steal, posted on December 23, 2020, its plans to occupy the Capitol with promises to "escalate" if met with opposition from law enforcement.
Funding and donations
Women for America First, the 501(c)(4) organization chaired by Amy Kremer which organized the "Save America March", is funded by America First Policies, a pro-Trump dark money group chaired by Linda McMahon, the former administrator of the Small Business Administration. Conspiracy theorist Alex Jones said his media company paid $500,000 to book the Ellipse for the pro-Trump rally immediately preceding the riots and claimed that the Trump White House asked him to lead the march to the Capitol.
Charlie Kirk, the founder of Turning Point USA, said on Twitter that Turning Point had sent over 80 buses to the Capitol.
Other people attempted to raise funds in December via GoFundMe to help pay for transportation to the rally, with limited success. An investigation by BuzzFeed News identified more than a dozen fundraisers to pay for travel to the planned rally. GoFundMe has since deactivated several of the campaigns after the riot, but some campaigns had already raised part or all of their fundraising goals prior to deactivation.
Prior intelligence and concerns of violence
In the days leading up to the storming, several organizations that monitored online extremism had been issuing warnings about the event. On December 21, 2020, a U.K. political consultant who studies Trump-related extremism tweeted a forecast of what the planned event of January 6 would become, including deaths. On December 29, 2020, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) issued at least one bulletin to law enforcement agencies across the country, warning of the potential of armed protesters targeting legislatures. Prior to January 6, 2021, the local Joint Terrorism Task Force was notified by the FBI of possible impending violence at the Capitol. The Washington Post reported an internal FBI document on January 5 warned of rioters preparing to travel to Washington, and setting up staging areas in various regional states. The document used the term "war" to describe the rioters' motive, which mentioned specific violence references, including the blood of BLM and antifa members. However, the FBI decided not to distribute a formal intelligence bulletin.
The Anti-Defamation League published a January 4 blog post warning about violent rhetoric being espoused by Trump supporters leading up to the Electoral College count, including calls to violently disrupt the counting process. The post said that it was not aware of any credible threats of violence, but noted that "if the past is any indication, the combination of an extremist presence at the rallies and the heated nature of the rhetoric suggests that violence is a possibility." Also on January 4, British security firm G4S conducted a risk analysis, which found that there would be violent groups in Washington, D.C., between January 6 and Inauguration Day based on online posts advocating for violence. Advance Democracy, Inc., a nonpartisan governance watchdog, found 1,480 posts from QAnon-related accounts referencing the events of January 6 in the six days leading up to it, including calls for violence.
Police preparations
Washington, D.C., Mayor Muriel Bowser requested on December 31, 2020, that District of Columbia National Guard troops be deployed to support local police during the anticipated demonstrations. In her request, she wrote that the guards would not be armed and that they would be primarily responsible for "crowd management" and traffic direction, allowing police to focus on security concerns. Acting Secretary of Defense Christopher C. Miller approved the request on January 4, 2021. The approval activated 340 troops, with no more than 114 to be deployed at any given time. Three days before the riots, the Department of Defense twice offered to deploy the National Guard to the Capitol, but were told by the United States Capitol Police that it would not be necessary.
Two days before the storming, Bowser announced that the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia (MPD) would lead law enforcement for the event, and would be coordinating with the Capitol Police, the U.S. Park Police, and the Secret Service. (Jurisdictionally, MPD is responsible for city streets in the Capital, whereas the Park Police are responsible for the Ellipse (the site of Trump's speech and rally that day), the Secret Service is responsible for the vicinity of the White House, and the Capitol Police is responsible for the Capitol complex itself). "To be clear, the District of Columbia is not requesting other federal law enforcement personnel and discourages any additional deployment without immediate notification to, and consultation with, MPD if such plans are underway," Bowser wrote in a letter to the United States Department of Justice, and reproduced this language in a Tweet.
Capitol Police chief Steven Sund said after the event that he had repeatedly requested National Guard assistance, but that House Sergeant-at-Arms Paul D. Irving and Senate Sergeant-at-Arms Michael C. Stenger were reluctant to do so.
The FBI spoke to over a dozen known extremists and "was able to discourage those individuals from traveling to D.C.," according to a senior FBI official. The FBI shared information with the Capitol Police in advance of the protest.
Robert Contee, the acting Chief of the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia, said after the event that his department had possessed no intelligence indicating the Capitol would be breached. Capitol Police chief Sund said his department had developed a plan to respond to "First Amendment activities" but had not planned for the "criminal riotous behavior" they encountered. As a result, Capitol Police staffing levels mirrored that of a normal day and officers did not prepare riot control equipment. U.S. Secretary of the Army Ryan D. McCarthy said law enforcement agencies' estimates of the potential size of the crowd, calculated in advance of the event, varied between 2,000 and 80,000. On January 5, the National Park Service estimated that 30,000 people would attend the "Save America" rally, based on people already in the area.
Events in Washington, D.C.
For a detailed timeline of the events in Washington D.C. and its aftermath, see Timeline of the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol.Before the march
Thousands of attendees gathered in Freedom Plaza on January 5, 2021, in advance of protests planned for the week. At least ten people were arrested, several on weapons charges, on the night of January 5 and into the morning of January 6.
"Save America" rally
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On the morning of January 6, thousands of protesters gathered again in downtown D.C. Some surrounded the Washington Monument. Others gathered about a quarter-mile north on the Ellipse, where Trump, his lawyer and adviser Rudy Giuliani, and others, such as Chapman University School of Law professor John C. Eastman, gave speeches. Giuliani repeated conspiracy theories that voting machines used in the election were "crooked" and called for "trial by combat". Representative Mo Brooks told the crowd, "Today is the day American patriots start taking down names and kicking ass." Representative Madison Cawthorn (R–NC) said, "This crowd has some fight."
Trump gave a speech from behind a glass barrier, declaring he would "never concede" the election, criticizing the media and calling for Pence to overturn the election results, something outside Pence's constitutional power. His speech contained many falsehoods and misrepresentations that inflamed the crowd. Trump did not overtly call on his supporters to use violence or enter the Capitol, but his speech was filled with violent imagery, and Trump suggested that his supporters had the power to prevent Biden from taking office.
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Trump told his supporters to "walk down to the Capitol" to "cheer on our brave senators and congressmen and women and we're probably not going to be cheering so much for some of them." Referring to the counting of Biden's electoral votes, Trump said, "We can't let that happen" and suggested that Biden would be an "illegitimate president." Trump told his supporters to "fight. We fight like hell. And if you don't fight like hell, you're not going to have a country anymore." He said the protesters would be "going to the Capitol and we're going to try and give the kind of pride and boldness that they need to take back our country". Trump also said, "you'll never take back our country with weakness. You have to show strength and you have to be strong. We have come to demand that Congress do the right thing and only count the electors who have been lawfully slated." He called upon his supporters to "fight much harder" against "bad people"; told the crowd that "you are allowed to go by very different rules"; said that his supporters were "not going to take it any longer"; framed the moment as a sort of last stand, suggested that Pence and other Republican officials put themselves in danger by accepting Biden's victory; and told the crowd that he would march with them to the Capitol (although he did not do so). In addition to his frequent use of the term "fight," Trump once used the term "peacefully," saying, "I know that everyone here will soon be marching over to the Capitol building to peacefully and patriotically make your voices heard."
Trump's sons, Donald Jr. and Eric, also spoke, naming and verbally attacking Republican congressmen and senators who were not supporting the effort to challenge the Electoral College vote, and promising to campaign against them in future primary elections.
Rioting in the Capitol building
Pennsylvania Avenue march
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Instigated by Trump to help him overturn the election result, a crowd marched down Pennsylvania Avenue after the rally and advanced on the Capitol, where a separate crowd had gathered. It is difficult to get a reliable estimate of the total size of the crowd because aerial photos are not permitted in Washington, D.C., due to security concerns.
On the Capitol grounds, Senator Josh Hawley (R-MO), a leader of the group of lawmakers who vowed to challenge the Electoral College vote, greeted protesters with a raised fist as he passed by on his way to the joint session of Congress in the early afternoon.
Around 1:00 p.m. EST, hundreds of Trump supporters clashed with officers and pushed through barriers along the perimeter of the Capitol. The crowd swept past barriers and officers, with some members of the mob spraying officers with chemical agents or hitting them with lead pipes. Although many rioters simply walked to the walls of the Capitol, some resorted to ropes and makeshift ladders. Representative Zoe Lofgren (D–CA), aware that rioters had reached the Capitol steps, was unable to reach Steven Sund by phone; House Sergeant-at-Arms Paul D. Irving told Lofgren the doors to the Capitol were locked and "nobody can get in".
Meanwhile, Sund, at 1:09 p.m., called Irving and Stenger and asked them for an emergency declaration required to call in the National Guard; they both told Sund they would "run it up the chain". Irving called back with formal approval an hour later.
At 1:58 p.m., Capitol Police officers removed a barricade on the northeast side of the Capitol.
Capitol breach
Just after 2:00 p.m., windows were broken through, and the mob breached the building and entered the National Statuary Hall. As rioters began to storm the Capitol and other nearby buildings, some buildings in the complex were evacuated. Outside the building, the mob constructed a gallows and tied a noose to it, punctured the tires of a police vehicle, and left a note saying "PELOSI IS SATAN" on the windshield. Politico reported some rioters briefly showing their police badges or military identification to law enforcement as they approached the Capitol, expecting therefore to be let inside; a Capitol Police officer told BuzzFeed News that one rioter told him "e're doing this for you" as he flashed a badge.
Concerned about the approaching mob, Representative Maxine Waters (D-CA) called Capitol Police Chief Steven Sund, who was not on Capitol grounds but at the police department's headquarters. When asked what the Capitol Police were doing to stop the rioters, Sund told Waters, "We're doing the best we can" just before the line went dead.
Several rioters carried plastic handcuffs, possibly with the intention of using them to take hostages. Some of the rioters carried Confederate battle flags or Nazi emblems. Some rioters wore riot gear, including helmets and military-style vests. For the first time in U.S. history, insurrectionists displayed a Confederate battle flag inside the Capitol.
Senate adjourned and evacuated
At the time, the joint session of Congress – which had already voted to accept the nine electoral votes from Alabama and three from Alaska without objection – was split so that each chamber could separately consider an objection to accepting Arizona's electoral votes that had been raised by Representative Paul Gosar and endorsed by Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX). Both chambers were roughly halfway through their two-hour debate on the motion.
While debate over the Arizona electoral college votes continued, an armed police officer entered the Senate chamber, positioned facing the back entrance of the chamber. Pence handed the floor from Senator Kyrsten Sinema (D-AZ) to Senator James Lankford (R-OK). Moments later, Pence was escorted out by members of the Secret Service. The rioters began to climb the steps towards the Senate chamber. A lone police officer worked to slow the mob down as he radioed that they had reached the second floor. Just steps from the still-unsealed Senate chamber doors, the rioters instead followed the Capitol Police officer who led them away from the Senate. Banging could be heard from outside as people attempted to breach the doors. As Lankford was speaking, the Senate was gaveled into recess, and the doors were locked at 2:15 p.m. A minute later, the rioters reached the gallery outside the chamber. A police officer carrying a semi-automatic weapon appeared on the floor and stood between Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY). Senator Mitt Romney (R-UT) exasperatedly threw up his hands and directly criticized several fellow Republicans who were challenging President-elect Biden's electoral votes, yelling to them, "This is what you've gotten, guys." Several members of Senate parliamentarian Elizabeth MacDonough's staff carried the boxes of Electoral College votes and documentation out of the chamber to hidden safe rooms within the building.
—Capitol Police alertDue to security threat inside: immediately, move inside your office, take emergency equipment, lock the doors, take shelter.
Trump tweeted that Pence "didn't have the courage to do what should have been done" at 2:24 p.m. Afterwards, Trump followers on far-right social media called for Pence to be hunted down, and the mob began chanting, "Where is Pence?" and "Find Mike Pence!" Outside, the mob chanted, "Hang Mike Pence!," which some crowds continued to chant as they stormed the Capitol; at least three rioters were overheard by a reporter saying they wanted to find Pence and execute him as a "traitor" by hanging him from a tree outside the building. All buildings in the complex were subsequently locked down, with no entry or exit from the buildings allowed. Capitol staff were asked to move into offices and lock their doors and windows; those outside were advised to "seek cover".
As the mob roamed the Capitol, lawmakers, aides, and staff took shelter in offices and closets. Aides to Mitch McConnell, barricaded in a room just off a hallway, heard a rioter outside the door "praying loudly", asking for "the evil of Congress be brought to an end". The rioters entered and ransacked the office of the Senate Parliamentarian.
With senators still in the chamber, Trump reached Senator Tommy Tuberville by phone and told him to do more to block the counting of Biden's electoral votes. The call had to be cut off when Senate chamber was evacuated at 2:30 p.m. After evacuation, the mob briefly took control of the chamber, with some armed and armored men carrying plastic handcuffs and some posing with raised fists on the Senate dais that Pence had left minutes earlier. Pence's wife Karen Pence, daughter Charlotte Pence Bond, and brother Greg Pence (a member of the House; R–IN) were in the Capitol at the time it was attacked.
Sergeant-at-Arms of the Senate Michael C. Stenger accompanied a group of senators including Lindsey Graham and Joe Manchin to a secure location in a Senate office building. Once safe, the lawmakers were "furious" with Stenger; Graham asked him, "How does this happen? How does this happen?" and added that they " not going to be run out by a mob."
House recessed and evacuated
Meanwhile, in the House chamber around 2:15 p.m., while Gosar was speaking, Speaker Pelosi was escorted out of the chamber. The House was gaveled into recess, but would resume a few minutes later. Amid the security concerns, Representative Dean Phillips (D–MN) yelled, "This is because of you!" at his Republican colleagues. The House resumed debate around 2:25 p.m. Around 2:30, when Gosar finished speaking, the House went into recess again. The rioters had entered the House wing and were attempting to enter the Speaker's Lobby just outside the House chamber. Lawmakers were still inside and being evacuated, with Pelosi, Kevin McCarthy and a few other individuals being taken to a "secure location". With violence breaking out, Capitol security advised the members of Congress to take cover. Members of Congress inside the House chamber were told to put on gas masks, as law enforcement had begun using tear gas within the building. Staff members removed boxes of sealed electoral vote certificates to prevent them from being damaged by rioters.
ABC News reported that shots were fired within the Capitol. An armed standoff took place at the front door of the chamber of the House of Representatives: as the mob attempted to break in, federal law enforcement officers drew their guns inside and pointed them towards the chamber doors, which were barricaded with furniture. In a stairway, one officer fired a shot at a man coming toward him. Photographer Erin Schaff said that, from the Capitol Rotunda, she ran upstairs, where rioters grabbed her press badge. Police found her, and, as her press pass had been stolen, they held her at gunpoint before her colleagues intervened.
Multiple rioters documented themselves occupying the Capitol and the offices of various representatives, storming the offices of Speaker Pelosi.
Participating groups
The mob that stormed the Capitol was comprised of some of Trump's longtime and most fervent supporters, coming from across the United States. The mob included Republican Party officials and political donors, far-right militants, and white supremacists. Some individuals came heavily armed. Included in the group were some convicted criminals, including a man who had been released from a Florida prison after serving a sentence for attempted murder. Supporters of the boogaloo movement, the Traditionalist Worker Party, the Three Percenters, the Proud Boys, the Oath Keepers, QAnon, the Groyper Army, and national-anarchism, as well as neo-Confederates and Black Hebrew Israelites, among others, were present during the riot, with some wearing emblematic gear. Neo-Nazi and Völkisch-inspired neopagan apparel was also worn by some participants during the riots, including a shirt emblazoned with references to the Auschwitz–Birkenau concentration camp and its motto, Arbeit macht frei (German for "work makes you free"). Following the event, members of the Nationalist Social Club, a neo-Nazi street gang, detailed their participation in the storming and claimed the acts were the "beginning of the start of White Revolution in the United States".
The Associated Press reviewed public and online records of more than 120 participants after the storming and found that many of them shared conspiracy theories about the 2020 presidential election on social media and had also believed other "QAnon" and "deep state" conspiracy theories. Additionally, several had threatened Democratic and Republican politicians before the storming. The event was described as "Extremely Online", with "pro-Trump internet personalities" and fans livesteaming and taking selfies.
Some military personnel participated in the riot; the Department of Defense is investigating members on active and reserve duty who may have been involved in the riot. Police officers and a police chief from departments in multiple states are under investigation for their alleged involvement in the riot. Two Capitol Police officers were suspended, one for directing rioters inside the building while wearing a MAGA hat, and the other for taking a selfie with a rioter.
State lawmakers
At least sixteen Republican current and former state legislators were present at the event, including West Virginia State Senator Mike Azinger, Nevada State Assemblywoman Annie Black, Virginia State Senator Amanda Chase, Maryland Delegate Daniel L. Cox, Alaska State Representative David Eastman, West Virginia Delegate Derrick Evans, Colorado State Representative-elect Ron Hanks, Missouri State Representative Justin Hill, Arizona State Representative Mark Finchem, Virginia State Delegate Dave LaRock, Michigan State Representative Matt Maddock, Pennsylvania State Senator Doug Mastriano, and Tennessee Representative Terri Lynn Weaver, as well as outgoing Georgia State Representative Vernon Jones (a former Democrat who announced at the rally that he had joined the Republican Party), outgoing Arizona State Representative Anthony Kern, and former Pennsylvania State Representative Rick Saccone. Weaver claimed to have been "in the thick of it" and Evans filmed himself entering the Capitol alongside rioters. All denied participating in acts of violence. Evans was charged by federal authorities on January 8 with entering a restricted area; he resigned from the House of Delegates the next day.
Improvised explosive and incendiary devices
Two improvised explosive devices, believed to have been planted before the riots, were found within a few blocks of the Capitol. A device suspected to be a pipe bomb was discovered next to a building containing Republican National Committee (RNC) offices at around 12:45 p.m. About 30 minutes later, another suspected pipe bomb was found under a bush at the Democratic National Committee (DNC) headquarters. The devices were of a similar design – about one foot in length, with end caps and wiring apparently attached to a timer, and containing an unknown powder and some metal. The devices were safely detonated by bomb squads; police later said they were "hazardous" and could have caused "great harm". The FBI distributed a photo of the person who they believe planted the devices and issued a reward of up to $50,000 for information. Sund told The Washington Post on January 10 that he suspected the pipe bombs were intentionally placed to draw police away from the Capitol; Representative Tim Ryan (D–OH) echoed the sentiment in a virtual news conference on January 11, who said "we do believe there was some level of coordination ... because of the pipe bombs ... that immediately drew attention away from the breach that was happening".
A vehicle containing a semi-automatic rifle and a cooler full of eleven Molotov cocktails was also found nearby. The driver was subsequently arrested. He also had three handguns in his possession at the time of his arrest.
Law enforcement response
Sund joined a conference call with D.C. government and Pentagon officials at 2:26 p.m. where he " an urgent, urgent immediate request for National Guard assistance", telling them he needed "boots on the ground". However, Lt. Gen. Walter E. Piatt said he could not recommend that Army Secretary Ryan McCarthy approve the request, telling Sund and others "I don't like the visual of the National Guard standing a police line with the Capitol in the background".
About 2:31 p.m. on January 6, D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowser ordered a 6:00 p.m. curfew to go into effect that night. Virginia Governor Ralph Northam also issued a curfew for nearby Alexandria and Arlington County in Northern Virginia.
Armed DHS agents were on standby near the Capitol in case of unrest, but were not deployed until after the violence had subsided.
Pentagon officials reportedly restricted D.C. guard troops from being deployed except as a measure of last resort, and from receiving ammunition and riot gear; troops were also instructed to engage with protesters only in situations warranting self-defense and could not share equipment with local police or use surveillance equipment without prior approval from Acting Defense Secretary Christopher C. Miller. McCarthy and Miller decided to deploy the entire 1,100-strong force of D.C. National Guard to quell violence. About 3:04 p.m., Miller spoke with Pence, Pelosi, McConnell and Schumer, and directed the National Guard and other "additional support" to respond to the riot. The order to send in the National Guard, which Trump initially resisted, was approved by Pence. This bypassing of the chain of command has not been explained. Around 3:30 p.m., Northam said that he was working with Bowser and Congress leaders to respond and that he was sending members of the Virginia National Guard and 200 Virginia State Troopers to support D.C. law enforcement, at the mayor's request. At 3:45 p.m., Stenger told Sund he would ask Mitch McConnell for help expediting the National Guard authorization.
It took over three hours for police to retake control of the Capitol, using riot gear, shields, and batons. Capitol Police were assisted by the local D.C. Metropolitan Police Department. Smoke grenades were deployed on the Senate side of the Capitol by Capitol Police working to clear rioters from the building. Black officers employed with Capitol Police reported being subjected to racial epithets (including repeated uses of "nigger") by some of the rioters. Capitol Police chief Steven Sund said his officers' slow response to the rioting was due to their being preoccupied by the improvised explosive devices found near the Capitol. FBI and Department of Homeland Security agents wearing riot gear entered the Dirksen Senate Office Building around 4:30 p.m.
New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy announced at 4:57 p.m. that elements of the New Jersey State Police were being deployed to the District of Columbia at the request of D.C. officials, and that the New Jersey National Guard was prepared for deployment if necessary. Shortly before 5:00 p.m., congressional leaders were reportedly being evacuated from the Capitol complex to Fort McNair, a nearby army base. Around 5:20 p.m., Maryland Governor Larry Hogan announced that he would send the Maryland State Police and Maryland National Guard, after speaking to the Secretary of the Army. Hogan's requests of the Defense Department to authorize National Guard troops to be deployed at the Capitol initially were denied in multiple instances. At around 5:40 p.m., the Senate Sergeant at Arms announced that the Capitol had been secured.
As police continued to try to push rioters away from the Capitol, protests continued, with some moving out of the Capitol Hill area. Some verbal and physical attacks on reporters were reported, with attackers denigrating media outlets as providing "fake news". One rioter told a CNN crew as they were being harassed by others, "There's more of us than you. We could absolutely fucking destroy you!"
By 6:08 p.m., police had arrested at least thirteen people and seized five firearms. Although Bowser had ordered a 6:00 p.m. curfew, it went largely ignored by the pro-Trump rioters, hundreds of whom remained in the Capitol Hill area two hours after the curfew went into effect.
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo pledged to deploy a thousand members of the New York National Guard to D.C., in addition to the resources promised by other states. On the night of January 6, Bowser issued an order extending the public emergency in Washington, D.C., for 15 days, writing in the order that she expected some people would "continue their violent protests through the inauguration". The following day, Secretary of the Army Ryan D. McCarthy announced that a fence would be built around the Capitol, and remain in place for at least 30 days; construction of the fence began that same day. McCarthy also said New Jersey National Guard troops would be mobilized, as would troops from the Delaware, New York, and Pennsylvania National Guards.
By the end of the day, police had arrested 61 people for "unrest-related" offenses, with about half of these arrests occurring on the Capitol grounds.
Completion of electoral vote count
Main article: 2021 United States Electoral College count| External videos | |
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 Senate Session 8pm Jan. 6th, C-SPAN |
Congress reconvened in the evening of January 6 after the Capitol was cleared of trespassers. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell reopened the Senate's session around 8:00 p.m. EST, saying that the Senate refused to be intimidated, and that it would count the electors and declare the president "tonight", after two hours of debate on the objection to the Arizona electors. He called the vote the most consequential in his 30-plus years of congressional service. At 9:58 p.m., the Senate rejected the objection 93–6, with only six Republicans voting in favor: Ted Cruz (TX), Josh Hawley (MO), Cindy Hyde-Smith (MS), John Neely Kennedy (LA), Roger Marshall (KS), and Tommy Tuberville (AL).
At 11:08 p.m., the House of Representatives rejected a similar motion to dispute the Arizona vote by a margin of 303–121. All of the "yeas" came from Republicans while the "nays" were from 83 Republicans and 220 Democrats. A planned objection to the Georgia slate of electors was rejected after co-signing Senator, Kelly Loeffler (R-GA), withdrew her support in light of the day's events. Another objection was raised by Hawley and Representative Scott Perry (R–PA) to the Pennsylvania slate of electors, triggering another two-hour split in the joint session to debate the objection. At 12:30 a.m. on January 7, the Senate rejected this objection by a 92–7 vote, with the same people voting the same way as before with the exceptions of Senators Cynthia Lummis (R-WY) and Rick Scott (R-FL) voting in favor and John N. Kennedy voting against.
At 3:08 a.m., the House of Representatives similarly rejected the motion to sustain the objection by a margin of 282–138. Again, all of the votes in favor were Republican, while this time, only 64 Republicans voted against and 218 Democrats voted against. Representative Peter Meijer (R–MI) said that several of his Republican colleagues in the House would have voted to certify the votes, but did not out of fear for the safety of their families, and that at least one specifically voted to overturn Biden's victory against their conscience because they were shaken by the mob attack that day.
At 3:41 a.m., Congress confirmed the outcome of the Electoral College vote, Biden's 306 votes to Trump's 232, with Pence declaring that Biden and Harris would take office on January 20.
Casualties
Deaths and injuries
Five people died during or shortly after the event: one was a Capitol Police officer, and four were among those who stormed or protested at the Capitol. Sixty Capitol Police officers were injured in the riot, of whom 15 were hospitalized and one was in critical condition; all had been released from the hospital by January 11. Additionally, rioters injured more than 58 D.C. Metro police officers during the attack, including one who remained hospitalized five days after the attack. The insurrectionists beat officers with pipes, and some officers sustained head injuries from being struck with lead pipes. Rioters injured other police officers by using chemical irritants and stun guns, hitting them with fists, sticks, poles and clubs; trampling and stampeding them; pushing them down stairs or against statues; and shining laser pointers in their eyes. Many police officers were attacked with bear spray, a highly concentrated form of OC spray (tear gas) stronger than that carried by officers. One D.C. Metro officer was hit six times with a stun gun and suffered an apparent heart attack.
One of the most intense of the many violent incidents occurred shortly after 2 p.m., as a swarm of rioters, attempted to breach a door on the West Front of the Capitol. There, rioters dragged three D.C. Metro police officers out of formation and down a set of stairs, trapped them in a crowd, and assaulted them with improvised weapons (including hockey sticks, crutches, flags, poles, sticks, and stolen police shields) as the mob chanted "police stand down!" and "USA!" At least one of the officers was also stomped upon.
In a separate incident during the riots, Capitol Police officer Brian D. Sicknick, 42, a 15-year veteran of the force, was mortally wounded by a rioter who hit him in the head with a fire extinguisher. Reuters reported that Sicknick suffered a thromboembolic stroke after sustaining head injuries, and collapsed after returning to his division office. He was later placed on life support, but died the following day. Sicknick's death will be investigated by the Metropolitan Police Department's Homicide Branch, the USCP, and federal authorities.
During the riot, Ashli Elizabeth Babbitt, a 35-year-old unarmed Trump supporter from San Diego, died after being shot by Capitol Police as she attempted to climb through a shattered window in a barricaded door leading into the Speaker's Lobby, which has direct access to the House floor. The incident was recorded on several cameras. A law enforcement official told The Washington Post that the police currently believe she had been unarmed, but the officer who fired the fatal shot did not know that at the time, and officers were aware that many of the intruders were carrying concealed weapons. The officer who shot her was placed on administrative leave pending an investigation. The D.C. Metropolitan Police Department launched an investigation into the death. Babbitt was a follower of the pro-Trump QAnon conspiracy theory, and had tweeted the previous day "the storm is here", a reference to a QAnon prediction that Trump will expose and defeat a global cabal of perceived Satan-worshipping pedophiles.
Three other people who were present at the Capitol Hill during the raid also died. They were Rosanne Boyland, 34, of Kennesaw, Georgia; Kevin Greeson, 55, from Athens, Alabama; and Benjamin Philips, 50, of Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania. Boyland's cause of death was disputed; one account said she was crushed to death, while another said she collapsed while standing at the side in the Capitol rotunda. Boyland's sister also said she "had no intention of committing violence when she traveled to Washington" and simply wanted to show her support. Greeson died of a heart attack. His family said he was "not there to participate in violence or rioting, nor did he condone such actions." Philips died of a stroke. The Philadelphia Inquirer reported that there was "no indication Philips himself participated in the raid on the Capitol." Phillips had started the social media site Trumparoo, intended for Trump supporters. A family member of Boyland spoke with WGCL-TV, opining that "the president's words incited a riot that killed four of his biggest fans last night".
Responses
House Speaker Pelosi had the flags at the Capitol lowered to half-staff in Sicknick's honor. Trump initially declined to lower flags at the White House or other federal buildings under his control, before relenting four days later. Biden, Pence and Pelosi offered condolences to Sicknick's family; Trump did not. After Sicknick's death, Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) received backlash for previous speeches that were perceived as calls for violence.
There were calls for Trump to be prosecuted for inciting the violence that led to the five deaths. An article on Law & Crime discussed whether felony murder charges in relation to Babbitt's death could be brought against protesters, those who invaded the Capitol, or instigators of the rally. It concluded that such charges were very unlikely.
Morale among the Capitol Police plummeted after the riots. The department responded to "a couple of incidents" where officers threatened to harm themselves; one officer turned in her weapon because she feared what she would do with it. Capitol Police officer Howard Liebengood, who was on duty at the riot, died by suicide three days later.
Damage, theft, and impact
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Rioters stormed the offices of Nancy Pelosi, flipping tables and ripping photos from walls; the office of the Senate Parliamentarian was ransacked; art was looted; and feces was tracked into several hallways. Windows were smashed throughout the building, leaving the floor littered with glass and debris. Some items of furniture were damaged, turned over, or stolen. One door had "MURDER THE MEDIA" scrawled onto it. Rioters damaged Associated Press recording and broadcasting equipment outside the Capitol after chasing away reporters. Rioters also destroyed a display honoring the life of congressman and civil rights leader John Lewis. A photo of Representative Andy Kim (D–NJ) cleaning up the damage at the Rotunda after midnight went viral.
The rioters caused extensive physical damage. The Office of the Architect of the Capitol (AOC), which maintains the Capitol and preserves its art and architecture, released an initial damage assessment on January 9. The AOC reported interior damage from the riot (specifically broken glass, broken doors, and graffiti), and also reported that some statues, paintings, and historic benches "displayed the residue of various pepper sprays, tear gas and fire extinguishers deployed by both rioters and law enforcement personnel." Items, including portraits of John Quincy Adams and James Madison, as well as a marble statue of Thomas Jefferson, were covered in "corrosive gas agent residue"; these were sent to the Smithsonian for assessment and restoration. A 19th-century marble bust of President Zachary Taylor was defaced with what seemed to be blood, but the most important works in the Capitol collection, such as the John Trumbull paintings, escaped unharmed. On the Capitol's exterior, two 19th-century bronze light fixtures designed by Frederick Law Olmsted were damaged. Because the Capitol is not insured against loss, taxpayers will pay for the damage inflicted by the siege.
ABC News reported that the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) had recovered several improvised explosive devices that were intended to cause serious harm, and were looking at those in the mob that were trained perhaps in the military and more intent on causing serious harm, including harming Vice President Pence. ABC analyst and retired CIA officer Mick Mulroy said the FBI would likely be conducting a full counterintelligence sweep on all those who participated in the assault to determine possible foreign intelligence ties, as these individuals may have taken sensitive information from the congressional offices they ransacked. The presence of several military veterans who took part in the assault has created growing concern among former military members.
Technology theft and cybersecurity concerns
A laptop owned by Senator Jeff Merkley (D-OR) was stolen. A laptop taken from Speaker Pelosi's office was " laptop from a conference room ... that was only used for presentations", according to Pelosi's deputy chief of staff. Representative Ruben Gallego (D–AZ) said "we have to do a full review of what was taken, or copied, or even left behind in terms of bugs and listening devices." Military news website SOFREP reported that "several" Secret‑level laptops were stolen, some of which had been abandoned while still logged in to SIPRNet, causing authorities to temporarily shut down SIPRNet for a security update on January 7 and leading the United States Army Special Operations Command to re-authorize all SIPRNet-connected computers on January 8. Representative Anna Eshoo (D–CA) said in a statement that "mages on social media and in the press of vigilantes accessing congressional computers are worrying" and that she had asked the Chief Administrative Officer of the House (CAO) "to conduct a full assessment of threats based on what transpired". The CAO said it was "providing support and guidance to House offices as needed".
Conservation of damaged and left items
Signs, flags, stickers, Nancy Pelosi's damaged nameplate, and other items left behind from the riot will be preserved as historical artifacts in the collections of the House and Senate and those of national museums. Anthea M. Hartig, director of the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, said that the Smithsonian would seek to collect and preserve "objects and stories that help future generations remember and contextualize Jan. 6 and its aftermath," a statement echoed by Jane Campbell, president of the Capitol Historical Society.
Reactions
Main article: Domestic reactions to the 2021 storming of the United States CapitolPresident Trump
During the riot
Trump, who had spent previous weeks promoting the "Save America" rally, was "initially pleased" when his supporters breached the Capitol and refused to intercede, but also "expressed disgust on aesthetic grounds" over the "low class" appearance of the supporters involved in the rioting. Senator Ben Sasse (R-NE) said that senior White House officials told him that Trump was "delighted" to hear that rioters were entering the Capitol. Staffers reported that Trump had been "impossible to talk to throughout the day," and that his inability to deal with his election loss and displeasure that his supporters were unsuccessful in overturning the result by force had, according to one staffer, made Trump "out of his mind." Concerned that Trump may have committed treason through his actions, White House Counsel Pat Cipollone reportedly advised administration officials to avoid contact with Trump and ignore any illegal orders that could further incite the storming to limit their prosecutorial liability under the Sedition Act of 1918.
Shortly after 2:00 p.m. EST, as the riot was ongoing and after Senators had been evacuated from the Senate floor, Trump placed calls to Republican Senators (first Mike Lee of Utah, then Tommy Tuberville of Alabama), asking them to make more objections to the counting of the electoral votes to try to overturn the election. At 2:47 p.m., as his supporters violently clashed with police at the Capitol, Trump tweeted, "Please support our Capitol Police and Law Enforcement. They are truly on the side of our Country. Stay peaceful!" The Washington Post later reported that Trump did not want to include the words "stay peaceful".
Trump was in the West Wing of the White House at the time. A close adviser to Trump said the president wasn't taking many phone calls. When Trump watches television, the adviser explained, he will pause a recorded program to take a phone call, but "if it’s live TV, he watches it, and he was just watching it all unfold.”
By 3:10 p.m., pressure was building on Trump to condemn supporters engaged in the riots; Trump's former communications director, Alyssa Farah, called upon him to "Condemn this now" and wrote "you are the only one they will listen to." By 3:25 p.m., Trump tweeted "I am asking for everyone at the U.S. Capitol to remain peaceful. No violence! Remember, WE are the Party of Law & Order – respect the Law and our great men and women in Blue," but did not call upon the crowd to disperse. By 3:40 p.m., a number of congressional Republicans called upon Trump to more specifically condemn violence and to call on his supporters to end the occupation of the Capitol: House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R–CA) said that he had spoken to Trump to ask him to "calm individuals down"; Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) issued a tweet telling Trump that "it is crucial you help restore order by sending resources to assist the police and ask those doing this to stand down"; and Representative Mike Gallagher (R–WI), in a video message, told Trump to "call it off". In contrast to Trump, who only called upon his supporters to "remain peaceful", Pence called for the occupation of the Capitol to end immediately.
Lindsey Graham later told the Washington Post that "it took awhile to appreciate the gravity of the situation ... saw these people as allies in his journey and sympathetic to the idea that the election was stolen".
By 3:50 p.m., White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany said that the National Guard and "other federal protective services" had been deployed. At 4:06 p.m. on national television, President-elect Biden called for President Trump to end the riot. At 4:22 p.m., Trump issued a video message on social media that was later taken down by Twitter, Facebook and YouTube. In it, he praised his supporters and repeated his claims of electoral fraud, saying: "This was a fraudulent election, but we can't play into the hands of these people. We have to have peace. So go home. We love you. You're very special. You've seen what happens. You see the way others are treated that are so bad and so evil. I know how you feel. But go home and go home in peace."
At 6:25 p.m., Trump tweeted: "These are the things and events that happen when a sacred landslide election victory is so unceremoniously & viciously stripped away from great patriots who have been badly & unfairly treated for so long" and then issued a call: "Go home with love & in peace. Remember this day forever!"
At 7:00 p.m., Rudy Giuliani placed a second call to Lee's number and left a voicemail intended for Tuberville urging him to make more objections to the electoral votes as part of a bid "to try to just slow it down". Giuliani said: "I know they're reconvening at 8 tonight, but it ... the only strategy we can follow is to object to numerous states and raise issues so that we get ourselves into tomorrow – ideally until the end of tomorrow."
After the riot
Shortly after Congress certified Biden's victory, Trump's Deputy Chief of Staff for Communications and Director of Social Media, Dan Scavino, issued a statement from Trump saying, "Even though I totally disagree with the outcome of the election, and the facts bear me out, nevertheless there will be an orderly transition on January 20th. I have always said we would continue our fight to ensure that only legal votes were counted. While this represents the end of the greatest first term in presidential history, it's only the beginning of our fight to Make America Great Again!"
In a video statement released on January 7, Trump condemned the violence at the Capitol, saying that "a new administration will be inaugurated", which was widely seen as a concession, and that his "focus now turns to ensuring a smooth, orderly, and seamless transition of power" to the Biden administration. Vanity Fair reported that Trump was at least partially convinced to do so by Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC), who told Trump that a sufficient number of Senate Republicans would support removing him from office unless he conceded. White House press secretary Kayleigh McEnany had attempted to distance the administration from the rioters' behavior in a televised statement earlier in the day. On January 9, The New York Times reported that Trump had told White House aides that he regretted committing to an orderly transition of power and would never resign from office.
Trump's acknowledgment of his electoral defeat was met with opposition and hesitation from some of his supporters. Pro-Trump and far-right political commentators Nick Fuentes and Cassandra Fairbanks said Trump had "throw his supporters under the bus" while QAnon conspiracy theorists performed a numerological reading of the time stamps in Trump's video statement and deemed there was a secret encoded message; Politico highlighted previously pro-Trump users of Parler calling Trump a "dildo".
Axios reported that Trump spoke with Kevin McCarthy on January 11, telling McCarthy "Antifa people" had stormed the Capitol; McCarthy told him "it's MAGA. I know. I was there". Trump also complained to McCarthy about election fraud, causing McCarthy to reply "he election is over".
On January 12, in his first public appearance since the Capitol riot, Trump condemned the violence but denied he was responsible for inciting the mob stating that his remarks at the "Save America" rally were "totally appropriate".
First Lady Melania Trump
Five days after the riot, First Lady Melania Trump issued a statement that condemned the violence and also complained about unspecified criticism of her, saying "I find it shameful that surrounding these tragic events there has been salacious gossip, unwarranted personal attacks, and false misleading accusations on me — from people who are looking to, be relevant and have an agenda", recycling lines from her 2020 Republican National Convention speech. As the Capitol storming took place, she was reportedly conducting a photoshoot inside the White House for a self-proposed coffee table book on furniture and decorative items she acquired and restored during her husband's term.
Vice President Pence
Pence tweeted at 3:35 p.m. on January 6, "This attack on our Capitol will not be tolerated and those involved will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law". He later spoke to the Senate when they reconvened on the night of January 6, saying, "Today was a dark day in the United States Capitol ... To those who wreaked havoc in our Capitol today, you did not win. Violence never wins. Freedom wins. And this is still the People's House."
According to sources close to the Vice President, Trump never reached out to Pence or inquired about his safety during the riot, even as protesters inside the Capitol were seeking him out and chanting "Where is Pence?" Aides believed that Pence was being set up as a scapegoat for Trump's failure to overturn the results of the election. Pence was described as very angry with Trump, and the two did not speak again until January 11.
Secretary of State Pompeo
On January 7, the State Department told diplomats to affirm Biden's victory. On January 8, Secretary Mike Pompeo met with Biden's Secretary of State nominee Antony Blinken.
President-elect Biden and Vice President-elect Harris
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| Comments by President-elect Joe Biden, January 6, 2021, C-SPAN |
On January 6 at 4:06 p.m., President-elect Joe Biden addressed the nation from Wilmington, Delaware, calling the events an insurrection and borderline sedition, and said that "our democracy is under unprecedented assault". He called upon Trump to go on national television and demand an end to the protests. The following day Biden said the attack constituted domestic terrorism.
Minutes after Biden's initial condemnation of the riots, Vice President-elect Kamala Harris reiterated the President-elect's comments, writing that the protests were an "assault on the Capitol and our nation's public servants".
Congress
Main article: 2021 efforts to remove Donald Trump from officeSenate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell called the storming of the Capitol a "failed insurrection" and said "we are back at our posts, we will discharge our duty under the Constitution and for our nation. And we're going to do it tonight." Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi called upon Trump to "demand that all protesters leave the U.S. Capitol and Capitol Grounds immediately". Schumer, in his speech following the resuming of Senate business, labelled those participating in the storming of the Capitol as "domestic terrorists" whose actions will be a "stain on our country not so easily washed away". Pelosi later said, following her announcement that the electoral vote count would proceed during the evening of January 6 (Epiphany), "let us pray that this instigation to violence will provide an epiphany for our country to heal".
Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer said, "What happened at the US Capitol yesterday was an insurrection against the United States, incited by the president. This president should not hold office one day longer." He called on Mike Pence to invoke Section 4 of the 25th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that enables power to be transferred from the president to the vice-president if the president is deemed incapable of handling duties.
Representative Adam Kinzinger (R–IL) condemned the violence and described the events as a "coup attempt". He was the first Republican to publicly request invocation of the 25th amendment, stating "the president is unfit, the president is unwell, the president must now relinquish control of the executive branch voluntarily, or involuntarily." Representative Liz Cheney (R-WY), the Chair of the House Republican Conference (the third-ranking member of the House Republican leadership), said "No question the President formed the mob, the President incited the mob, the President addressed the mob. He lit the flame." Newly-sworn-in Representative Nancy Mace (R–SC), who had worked for the President's 2016 campaign, said that "everything that he's worked for ... all of that – his entire legacy – was wiped out" by the violence. Representative Mike Gallagher remarked of the riots that he had "not seen anything like this since I deployed to Iraq". Representative Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R–WA), who had planned to oppose the certification of the electoral vote, announced that she would no longer object to the Electoral College results after witnessing the "disgraceful and un-American" events of January 6. She was joined by senators Kelly Loeffler, James Lankford, Steve Daines (R-MT), Marsha Blackburn (R-TN), and Mike Braun (R-IN), all of whom reversed course on the issue of contesting the electoral vote after witnessing the violence of the mob.
Senator Mitt Romney (R-UT) said, "What happened at the U.S. Capitol today was an insurrection, incited by the President of the United States" and part of "an unprecedented attack on our democracy". Senator Ben Sasse (R-NE) said, "This violence was the inevitable and ugly outcome of the president's addiction to constantly stoking division." Senator Pat Toomey (R-PA) took to the Senate floor to say, "We saw bloodshed because a demagogue chose to spread falsehoods and sow distrust of his own fellow Americans." Senator Richard Burr (R-NC) said, "The President bears responsibility for today's events by promoting the unfounded conspiracy theories that have led to this point." Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) condemned the protest and said, "Violence is always unacceptable. Even when passions run high. Anyone engaged in violence – especially against law enforcement – should be fully prosecuted."
Cruz himself, as well as Senator Josh Hawley, were subsequently urged to resign by Senators Chris Coons (D-DE), Patty Murray (D-WA), and Ron Wyden (D-OR). Criticism was also leveled against both senators for sending out fundraising messages while the events in Washington were unfolding. First-year U.S. Representative Lauren Boebert (R–CO) – who, in another tweet, appeared to compare the events to the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War – also faced calls for expulsion from Congress and criminal prosecution after Twitter posts from her Twitter sent as House Representative and congressional staff were sheltering from the rioters surfaced, in which she disclosed that House Speaker Nancy Pelosi had been escorted from the House chamber.
Former presidents
All four living former presidents – Barack Obama, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and Jimmy Carter – denounced the storming of the Capitol, with Obama and Clinton condemning Trump for inciting the violence. Bush, who has infrequently commented on national matters since leaving office in 2009, released a statement saying "This is how election results are disputed in a banana republic – not our democratic republic," adding that he was "appalled by the reckless behavior of some political leaders since the election and by the lack of respect shown today for our institutions, our traditions, and our law enforcement." Obama wrote that "History will rightly remember today's violence at the Capitol, incited by a sitting president ... as a moment of great dishonor and shame for our nation". He called the violence "unsurprising", arguing that the Republican Party had promoted a "fantasy narrative" regarding the 2020 election results that culminated in the violent outburst.
Other domestic reactions
Against rioters
Former attorney general William Barr, who had resigned days earlier, denounced the violence, calling it "outrageous and despicable", adding that the president's actions were a "betrayal of his office and supporters" and that "orchestrating a mob to pressure Congress is inexcusable." Trump's former White House Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney urged the President to call a stop to the storming of the Capitol, and later resigned from his post as the United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland. Jim Mattis, a former Marine general and Trump's first secretary of defense, and Tom Bossert, Trump's first homeland security adviser, condemned Trump for enabling the storming and destroying trust in the election. Terry Gainer, a former chief of the Capitol Police and former Senate sergeant-at arms, described the protests as unprecedented in law enforcement, declaring that "this is a much more hateful crowd incited by the president himself. It's definitely something new in our business."
Former United States Ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley condemned the riot as "wrong and un-American" and, in a closed-door speech to Republican National Committee members the following day, criticized Trump's actions since Election Day. On his MSNBC program Morning Joe, host Joe Scarborough, a former Republican congressman, called for the arrest of President Trump, Donald Trump Jr. and Rudy Giuliani for their role in inciting the crowd to storm the Capitol through their election fraud rhetoric. On January 11, the New York State Bar Association (NYSBA) announced that it has launched an inquiry into Giuliani for his role in the uprising, which could subject him to expulsion from the association and recommendation for disbarment if he is held liable.
Michael Morell, former acting CIA director during the Obama administration, said, "We should be calling what happened domestic terrorism." Similarly, national security expert Bruce Hoffman also determined that the attack on the Capitol constituted "domestic terrorism". Former Secretary of State Colin Powell criticized Republicans for supporting Trump's behavior over the election results that led to his incitement of the riots for their own political calculations, saying: "I can no longer call myself a fellow Republican."
Former New Jersey governor and Trump supporter Chris Christie was "absolutely sickened" by the riots. The Austrian-born former California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger compared the riot to Nazi Germany's Kristallnacht ("night of broken glass") of 1938, said that the riots had "shattered the ideals we took for granted" and "trampled the very principles on which our country was founded"; and criticized fellow Republicans' "spinelessness."
In a highly unusual move, within several days of the riot, a number of U.S. diplomats used the State Department's Dissent Channel to send two cables that condemned Trump's incitement of the Capitol assault; called upon Pence and the Cabinet to invoke the 25th Amendment to declare Trump unfit for office; and wrote that "ailing to publicly hold the president to account would further damage our democracy and our ability to effectively accomplish our foreign policy goals abroad." One of the cables called upon the State Department to "explicitly denounce President Trump’s role in this violent attack on the U.S. government," and added that "Just as we routinely denounce foreign leaders who use violence and intimidation to interfere in peaceful democratic processes and override the will of their voters, the department's public statements about this episode should also mention President Trump by name. It is critical that we communicate to the world that in our system, no one — not even the president — is above the law or immune from public criticism."
Football coach Bill Belichick, scheduled to receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom from Trump on January 14, declined the award, citing the "tragic events" that had occurred.
Support for rioters
The New York Times reported that Trump supporters in Congress, the media, and in conservative politics "downplayed the violence as acts of desperation by people who felt lied to by the news media and ignored by their elected representatives". Others asserted the violence was actually caused by people associated with antifa. ABC News reported that conservative media outlets were clear that "the violence was indefensible", and that several conservative media outlets said that "liberal politicians and mainstream media outlets are more outraged when Trump supporters are violent than they were about civil rights demonstrations last summer", with Newsmax calling out the "hypocritical double standard on Trump vs. BLM protests".
Ivanka Trump, the president's eldest daughter, was criticized for addressing the rioters as "American patriots" in a now-deleted tweet publicly urging the cessation of violence.
Conservative media hosts – including Tucker Carlson, Sean Hannity, Greg Kelly, and Mark Levin – also sought to deflect responsibility from Trump supporters. Sinclair Broadcast Group provided a video segment to its owned and operated television stations in over 100 markets in which correspondent James Rosen reported "far-left infiltrators" had been involved, though he did not provide a source for the assertion. Right-wing radio host Rush Limbaugh compared the rioters to the Founding Fathers of the United States. Lou Dobbs criticized Capitol police for drawing guns "on American citizens, most of whom are patriots." Television host Pete Hegseth defended the rioters, saying "they just love freedom" and that "people feel like the entire system is rigged against them".
Members of the far-right group Proud Boys posted messages boasting and taking credit for causing "absolute terror". Walter West II, the sergeant-at-arms of the Republican Party of Texas, was removed from his post after expressing support for the rioters on Facebook.
On January 11, ABC News reported that the FBI was aware of plans for new armed protests at all 50 state capitols and the U.S. Capitol continuing through Inauguration Day on January 20.
False flag conspiracy theories
Some Trump loyalists claimed that the incident was a false flag operation staged by antifa to implicate Trump supporters. In an apparent effort to shift blame for any violence on antifa, leaders of the Proud Boys had requested in posts on Parler that members of the extremist group attend the rally incognito wearing "all black" clothing synonymous with anti-fascist activists. Facial recognition company XR Vision denied a report by Rowan Scarborough published in The Washington Times that its products had identified participants in the incursion as antifa activists, which was promoted by Fox News host Laura Ingraham and Representative Matt Gaetz (R–FL) and went viral among Trump supporters. The Washington Times removed the story from its website hours later and published a retraction. Similar baseless accusations of antifa false flag operations had circulated among Trump supporters since 2017. The FBI said there was no evidence of antifa involvement in the mob incursion.
Some far-right supporters of the event forcefully condemned those who said it is a false flag, hailing the storming as a great achievement for them and told them to own it.
Opinion polling
A YouGov poll of 1,397 U.S. registered voters found that overall, 71% opposed the storming of the Capitol (while 21% supported it), and 62% believed that the storming should be considered a threat to democracy. Among Republicans, 45% of Republicans supported the storming, with 43% opposed. In contrast, 96% of Democrats and 67% of independents were opposed. Fifty-two percent of Republicans blamed Joe Biden for the incident.
An Ipsos poll of 1,005 U.S. adults conducted between January 7–8, 2021, found that 70% of Americans disapproved of Trump's actions leading up to the assault on the Capitol, and 57% of Americans wanted Trump to be immediately removed for his role in the riots. 70% of respondents – including two-thirds of Republicans and Trump voters surveyed – described the participants as "criminals" or "fools"; 9% saw them as "concerned citizens"; and 5% saw them as "patriots." Among 339 Trump voters surveyed, 70% opposed the storming by the rioting supporters, while 12% of all respondents supported their actions.
A PBS NewsHour/Marist poll of 875 U.S. adults conducted on January 7, 2021, found that 18% of Republicans supported the riots. Generally, 88% of all respondents opposed or strongly opposed the rioters' actions, and 90% believed the perpetrators of the riot should face prosecution (with 17% of Republicans disagreeing); 63% of respondents felt Trump held "a great deal or good amount of blame" for the attack, while 69% of surveyed Republicans believed Trump bore "little or no fault." Support for Trump's removal from office was split, with 48% supporting it and 49% (including 51% of independent voters) opposed.
Media coverage and criticism
Coverage of the storming of the Capitol – which preempted regular daytime and prime time programming scheduled for January 6 on ABC, NBC and CBS – gave CNN its most-watched day in its 40-year history, with its daytime coverage netting an average of 8.97 million viewers (vs. 5.74 million for Fox News, 5.59 million for MSNBC, 4.85 million for ABC and 3.7 million for CBS) and its prime time coverage topping out at 8.20 million viewers (vs. 7.38 million for MSNBC, 5.77 million for NBC, 4.88 million for ABC, 4.58 million for Fox News and 2.57 million for CBS).
CNN Business opinion writer Oliver Darcy argued that multichannel television providers should be held to equal accountability as social media companies for promoting disinformation by carrying conservative news/opinion channels like Fox News, Newsmax TV and One America News Network (OAN). On the January 8 edition of his eponymous Fox News program, Tucker Carlson falsely claimed CNN was "working to force the Fox News Channel off the air and run out of business," and had lobbied five providers referenced in the article to drop it.
On January 6, radio broadcasting conglomerate Cumulus Media, whose roster of conservative talk pundits includes Dan Bongino, Mark Levin and Ben Shapiro, directed its on-air personalities to stop spreading false information about the 2020 election being "stolen" or face termination.
International reaction
Main article: International reactions to the 2021 storming of the United States CapitolOver 70 other countries and international organizations expressed their concerns over the protests and condemned the violence, with some specifically condemning Trump's own role in inciting the attack. Multiple world leaders have made a call for peace, describing the riots as "an attack on democracy". The leaders of Brazil, Poland, Hungary, and Russia declined to condemn the situation, and described it as an internal U.S. affair.
Many media outlets worldwide described the storming as "anarchy", including British newspaper i and Canadian newspaper Ottawa Sun.
Several NATO intelligence agencies outside the United States also briefed their governments that it was an attempted coup by President Trump which may have had help from federal law-enforcement officials.
Military
On January 8, Pelosi also spoke to General Mark Milley, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, about nuclear command and control, and specifically about precautions to prevent Trump—who she described as "unhinged" and "unstable"—from initiating military hostilities or accessing the Gold Codes to launch nuclear weapons.
In another unusual move, Milley and all of the other Joint Chiefs issued a statement on January 12 condemning the storming of the Capitol; reminding personnel of their sworn obligation to support and defend the Constitution; reminding personnel that Biden was about to become their commander-in-chief; and stating that "the rights of freedom of speech and assembly do not give anyone the right to resort to violence, sedition and insurrection." They said, "As we have done throughout our history, the U.S. military will obey lawful orders from civilian leadership, support civilian authorities to protect lives and property, ensure public safety in accordance with the law, and remain fully committed to protecting and defending the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic."
Aftermath
Criminal investigations and prosecutions
On January 7, Michael R. Sherwin, the interim United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, said rioters could be charged with seditious conspiracy or insurrection. He said any Capitol Police officer found to have assisted the rioters would be charged, and he further suggested that Trump could be investigated for comments he made to his supporters before they stormed the Capitol and that others who "assisted or facilitated or played some ancillary role" in the events could also be investigated.
The day after the storming of the Capitol, the FBI and D.C.'s Metropolitan Police Department asked the public for help identifying the rioters. Within days, members of the public sent the FBI more than 70,000 photo and video tips.
Also on January 7, House Homeland Security Committee Chairman Bennie Thompson said that any rioter who entered the Capitol should be added to the federal No Fly List. Former FBI director Andrew McCabe and David C. Williams argued Trump could face criminal charges for inciting the riot.
On January 8, the Justice Department announced charges against 13 people in connection with the Capitol riot in federal district court; many more have been charged in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
D.C. Attorney General Karl Racine said that he is specifically looking at whether to charge Donald Trump Jr., Rudy Giuliani and Mo Brooks with inciting the violent attack on the Capitol, and indicated that he might consider charging Donald Trump when he has left office.
The FBI and the Department of Justice were working to track down over 150 people for prosecution by January 11, with the number expected to rise. Acting Attorney General Jeffrey A. Rosen instructed federal prosecutors to send all cases back to DC for prosecution, in a move that prosecutors across the county found "confounding".
In a press conference on January 12, Steven D’Antuono from the Federal Bureau of Investigation announced it expected to arrest hundreds more in the coming months, while it sorted through the vast amount of evidence it was being given. The charge brought against most of these would most likely include an accusation of sedition and conspiracy.
Calls for Trump to be prosecuted for inciting the crowd to storm the Capitol also were made in the aftermath of the event. D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowser said, "We saw an unprecedented attack on our American democracy incited by the United States president. He must be held accountable. His constant and divisive rhetoric led to the abhorrent actions we saw today." Legal experts have stated that charging Trump with incitement would be difficult under Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969), the Supreme Court ruling which established that for speech to be considered criminally inciting, it must have been intended to incite "imminent lawless action" and "likely to incite or produce such action".
Notable arrests and charges
A 70-year-old resident of Falkville, Alabama, who allegedly parked a pickup truck two blocks from the Capitol containing eleven homemade incendiary devices (described as "Mason jars filled with homemade napalm" intended to "stick to the target and continue to burn" in court filings), an M4 assault rifle, a shotgun, two pistols, a crossbow, a stun gun, and camo smoke canisters, was arrested and charged under a 17-count indictment. Court documents said that upon being stopped by police, the man "asked officers whether they had located the bombs", and prosecutors also "suggest an intent to provide to others". Authorities also found handwritten notes listing "purported contact information" for Ted Cruz (R), Fox News host Sean Hannity, and radio host Mark Levin, as well as a list of "bad guys" including Seventh Circuit judge David Hamilton and Rep. André Carson (D–ID), who was referred to as "one of two Muslims in the House".
Another arrested rioter from Georgia allegedly brought a compact Tavor X95 assault rifle, two handguns, a "vial of injectable testosterone", and about 100 rounds of armor-piercing ammunition. He allegedly texted acquaintances that he was "gonna run that cunt Pelosi over while she chews on her gums" or " a bullet in her noggin on ive TV", adding that he "predict that within 12 days, many in our country will die" and later texting a photo of himself in blackface. He had previously protested outside of Georgia governor Brian Kemp's home.
Two men seen carrying plastic handcuffs as they moved through the Capitol were arrested on January 10. The first man, who was wearing a tactical vest and a green combat helmet, had previously identified himself to The New Yorker. A 53-year-old retired Air Force lieutenant colonel from Grapevine, Texas, he claimed he "found the zip-tie handcuffs on the floor"; he was charged with one count of entering a restricted building and one count of violent entry and disorderly conduct. The second man, a 30-year-old pictured in a black cap and holding a fistful of zip ties as he jumped over railing in the Senate gallery, attended the riot with his mother. He told the Sunday Times the Capitol storming "was a kind of flexing of muscles" and that "the point of getting inside the building is to show them that we can, and we will." He was arrested in Tennessee and charged with the same crimes.
A 60-year-old man from Gravette, Arkansas, who was photographed with his feet on House Speaker Nancy Pelosi's desk during the storming of the Capitol, was arrested on January 8 on federal charges of entering and remaining on restricted grounds, violent entry, and theft of public property. He will be extradited to DC to face trial.
A 36-year-old man from Parrish, Florida, who was photographed carrying a lectern from Nancy Pelosi's office, was arrested on the night of January 8 and charged with entering a restricted building, stealing government property, and violent entry and disorderly conduct on Capitol grounds. The Miami Herald reported he had posted on social media comments that "disparaged the Black Lives Matter movement" and police "who defend First Amendment protected rights".
Jake Angeli, also known as the "QAnon Shaman" and pictured in many widely shared photos shirtless, wearing facepaint and a horned fur headdress, and carrying a spear, was arrested on January 9 and charged with one count of entering a restricted building and one count of violent entry and disorderly conduct.
A man seen in video aggressively leading a mob up the stairs to the second floor of the Capitol was arrested by the FBI on January 9. The leader of a Proud Boys group in Hawaii was taken into custody on January 7. A 34-year-old man from Boise, Idaho, photographed hanging from the Senate balcony during the rampage, was listed as a person of interest by the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia on January 8; he deleted his social media accounts following the riots, and issued an apology. On January 12, the 34-year-old son of a Kings County Supreme Court judge was arrested in Brooklyn; he had been seen carrying a Capitol Police riot shield and also told the New York Post "the election was stolen".
Crowdsourced investigations
Wired magazine has reported that numerous crowdsourced open-source intelligence efforts at tracking participants in the storming were underway, including an investigation by the investigative journalism network Bellingcat and the open source intelligence database Intelligence X. According to Gizmodo, almost the entire contents of the alt-right social media site Parler have been archived online, including large numbers of photos and video with GPS metadata, and that analysis of the GPS coordinates suggested that numerous Parler users had been involved in the storming of the Capitol.
Criticism of the Capitol Police
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Law enforcement's failure to prevent the mob from breaching the Capitol attracted scrutiny to the Capitol Police and other police agencies involved. The Capitol Police, which has jurisdiction over an area of around two square miles, is one of the largest and best-funded police forces in the United States, with around 2,000 officers, an annual budget of more than $460 million, access to a substantial arsenal, and extensive experience of responding to protests and high-profile events; it has more than tripled in size since 1996. Prior to the storming of the Capitol, the barriers erected were low and most officers were in regular uniforms rather than riot gear, aimed at managing a protest rather than deterring an attack. Policing experts criticized the Capitol Police's preparation and initial response, saying the agency had underestimated the potential threat from Trump supporters; unwisely allowed rioters to gather on the Capitol steps; and failed to immediately arrest the rioters, or otherwise respond to the disorder, after the forced entry.
The Washington Post reported that the Capitol Police were caught off guard by an overwhelming crowd whose size more than doubled the FBI's prediction and that the police lacked enough personnel to immediately detain all the intruders; the Post further noted that "some officers were captured on video appearing to stand back as rioters streamed inside." Some of the shortfall in staffing was attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic, with officers who were quarantined after being infected with or exposed to the COVID-19 virus. Police units were not asked by management to bring protective equipment (such as gas masks) that were issued to them, which left officers ill-prepared to fend off the rioters – among them, a "heavily trained group of militia terrorists" armed with bear spray and stun grenades and equipped with two-way radios and earpieces – and some having to resort to engaging in hand-to-hand combat to defend themselves.
Footage emerged on social media of police allowing rioters through barricades into the Capitol, and one officer was filmed taking a "selfie" with a rioter inside the building. Footage also showed two Capitol Police officers exchanging a handshake and an elbow bump with a rioter inside the Capitol. Representative Jim Cooper (D–TN) was concerned that Capitol Police could have been complicit in the breach, saying "At worst, let this protest proceed unlike any other". One participant in the riot said he and his friends had been given directions to the office of Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer by a Capitol Police officer. Representative Pramila Jayapal (D–WA) said she believed the rioters were aided in planning, and guided once inside the Capitol, by Capitol Police officers. Multiple European security officials, including two intelligence officials from NATO member countries, in interviews with Business Insider suggested the breach may have been abetted by "tacit support" of the attackers among members of Capitol Police and other federal agencies assisting with Capitol complex security. Politico reported some rioters briefly showing their police badges or military identification to law enforcement as they approached the Capitol, expecting therefore to be let inside; a Capitol Police officer told BuzzFeed News that one rioter told him "e're doing this for you" as he flashed a badge. Ed Davis, the former commissioner of the Boston Police Department, suggested Capitol Police leaders may have felt "that well, these are a bunch of conservatives, they're not going to do anything like ", leading to "a lack of urgency or a sense that this could never happen with this crowd".
Representative Zoe Lofgren, who chairs a committee responsible for Capitol security, said Capitol Police chief Steven Sund lied to her before the event about the preparations he had made and the readiness of the National Guard. Representative Maxine Waters said she had raised concerns with Sund on December 31, and was assured by him that "he had it under control". Representative Tim Ryan (D–OH), the chairman of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch (which has budgetary authority over the Capitol Police), announced that he would begin an inquiry into security lapses that allowed the violent mob to overrun the Capitol and breach the legislative chambers. Ryan indicated that he expected some officers in the Capitol Police to be fired, and cited a "lack of professional planning and dealing" and "strategic mistakes" ahead of "the insurrection and the attempted coup". Representative Anthony G. Brown (D–MD) called for the establishment of a civilian oversight board for the Capitol Police. On the January 7 edition of MSNBC's Morning Joe, host Joe Scarborough excoriated the Capitol Police response and accused some officers of enabling the rioters to successfully breach the building with little resistance.
On January 8, the Senate Rules and Administration Committee and Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee launched a joint investigation into the Capitol Police's security failures. The law enforcement failures that allowed the storming of the Capitol led the U.S. Secret Service to initiate a review of its security plans for the inauguration of Joe Biden on January 20, 2021.
On January 11, Representative Ryan disclosed that two Capitol police officers had been suspended and at least ten were under investigation following the events of the riot.
Accusations of differential treatment
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News outlets fact-checked and described harsher tactics and differential treatment of racial injustice protests in D.C. during the prior summer by law enforcement compared to those used against the protesters who stormed the Capitol. According to CNN, police had arrested 61 people on the day of the storming; in comparison, they had arrested 316 Black Lives Matter protesters on June 1, 2020. Protesters who were arrested after the storming tended to be charged with less serious crimes than those arrested in racial injustice protests.
The tone, vocabulary, and tactics used by Trump and the White House were highlighted by news outlets. Trump referred to racial injustice protesters as "thugs", "agitators", and "looters" and threatened violence, but expressed his "love" for the Capitol protesters. In 2020, Trump had encouraged states' governors to more aggressively target protesters and used violent rhetoric such as "when the looting starts, the shooting starts". News outlets noted how the White House had used forceful tactics to clear protesters for Trump's photo op at St. John's Episcopal Church but did not employ similar tactics during the Capitol protest. Similarly, Capitol Police responded aggressively to disabled protesters associated with ADAPT in 2017. During 2020, Trump ordered tough federal law enforcement responses to racial injustice protesters in Washington DC.
Multiple media outlets covered posts from users on social media which made claims that due to white privilege and male privilege, the police treated the protesters, who were mostly white men, with more leniency than they would people of color, with many citing a moment when a police officer took a selfie with a protester.
Many news outlets, including CNN, USA Today, The Guardian, The Washington Post, and CBS News, criticized the police response to the storming of the Capitol in contrast to the police response to the Black Lives Matter protests in the previous year. In June 2020, during Black Lives Matter demonstrations, 5,000 National Guard members guarded the White House; however, in an attempt to avoid inflaming tensions since those protests, Mayor Muriel Bowser opted not to call National Guard members from other states for the January 6 demonstrations, causing the law enforcement presence to be "relatively small" and "not prepared for rioters".
Politicians and officials commented on the differential treatment as well. Joe Biden said, "No one can tell me that if it had been a group of Black Lives Matter protesting yesterday, there wouldn't have been – they would have been treated very, very differently than the mob of thugs that stormed the Capitol". Representative Tim Ryan, former First Lady Michelle Obama, and D.C. Attorney General Karl Racine all noted the differential treatment. Representative Bennie Thompson (D–MS), the chair of the House Committee on Homeland Security, said "if the 'protesters' were Black they would have been shot with rubber bullets, tear gassed, and killed". Citing disparities in the use of force when compared to recent Black Lives Matter protests, first-year Representative Jamaal Bowman (D–NY) proposed legislation to investigate whether members of the Capitol Police have ties to white supremacist groups.
Resignations
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The day after the attack, Pelosi called upon Capitol Police chief Steven Sund to resign, citing a failure of leadership, and said she had been unable to reach Sund since the attack. Sund announced his resignation that day, submitting a letter to the Capitol Police Board saying the resignation was effective January 16. However, on January 8, Sund resigned with immediate effect.
Also on the day after the attack, Paul D. Irving announced his resignation as Sergeant-at-Arms of the House of Representatives. Chuck Schumer said he would fire Michael C. Stenger, Sergeant-at-Arms of the Senate, upon becoming majority leader later in January. Shortly thereafter, outgoing Majority Leader Mitch McConnell asked for and received Stenger's resignation, effective immediately.
Trump administration resignations
Matthew Pottinger, the Deputy National Security Advisor; Stephanie Grisham, the chief of staff for First Lady Melania Trump; Sarah Matthews, the White House Deputy Press Secretary; and Anna Cristina "Rickie" Niceta Lloyd, the White House Social Secretary, resigned in protest on the day of the storming of the Capitol. CNN reported that evening that several Trump aides were considering resigning, including National Security Advisor Robert O'Brien and White House Deputy Chief of Staff Chris Liddell. Some senior officials, however, decided against resigning in order to ensure an "orderly transition of power" to the incoming Biden administration, out of concern that Trump would replace them with loyalist lower-level staffers who they feared could carry out illegal orders given by him.
The next day, Secretary of Transportation Elaine Chao became the first cabinet member to announce her resignation, effective January 11. She was followed by Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos, who also cited the Capitol Hill incident. House Majority Whip Jim Clyburn (D–SC) and Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) criticized DeVos and Chao for resigning rather than voting to invoke the 25th Amendment to remove Trump from office.
Mick Mulvaney, Trump's former chief of staff and the administration's special envoy to Northern Ireland; and Eric Dreiband, Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division, announced their resignations as well. Upon his exit, Mulvaney said, "I can't do it. I can't stay ... Those who choose to stay, and I have talked with some of them, are choosing to stay because they're worried the President might put someone worse in." He also said Trump "wasn't the same as he was eight months ago." Five senior officials at the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) resigned in protest. Acting Secretary of Homeland Security Chad Wolf resigned on January 11, saying it was "warranted by recent events, including" recent court decisions ruling that Trump's appointment of Wolf as acting secretary violated the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998.
Proposals to remove Trump via constitutional processes
Main article: 2021 efforts to remove Donald Trump from officeCalls for resignation, invocation of 25th Amendment, or removal from office
The Democratic leaders in Congress – Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer and Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi – called upon Vice President Pence to invoke the 25th Amendment, indicating that they would pursue impeachment of Trump for a second time if he did not. Pelosi said Trump "incited an armed insurrection against America" and instigated "the gleeful desecration of the U.S. Capitol violence targeting Congress". The never-before-invoked provision of the 25th Amendment allows the vice president, with a majority of Cabinet secretaries, to declare Trump "unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office" by written declaration.
After the storming of the Capitol, the vast majority of House Democrats (208 Representatives), as well as 38 Democratic Senators, called for the invocation of the 25th Amendment or Trump's impeachment and removal from office in inciting the riot. A single House Republican, Representative Adam Kinzinger (IL), also called for Trump's removal. Among Senate Republicans, only three expressed support for Trump resigning or being removed from office: Lisa Murkowski (AK), Ben Sasse (NE) and Pat Toomey (PA). President-elect Biden did not take a position on a prospective fast-track impeachment of Trump, saying the matter is for Congress to decide.
Among Democratic governors, calls for Trump to step down or be removed from office were made by J. B. Pritzker (IL), Andrew Cuomo (NY), Roy Cooper (NC), and Jay Inslee (WA). Three Republican governors who have been critical of Trump – Phil Scott (VT), Charlie Baker (MA), and Larry Hogan (MD) – also called upon Trump to resign or be removed from office. Conversely, two other Republican governors expressed opposition to Trump's removal: Henry McMaster (SC), who is closely allied with Trump, and Mike DeWine (OH), who opposed invocation of the 25th Amendment, saying that he believed it "would cause more division than healing" and because there were less than two weeks remaining in Trump's term.
Yoni Appelbaum of The Atlantic called for the impeachment of Trump a second time. Several conservative commentators, including Rod Dreher, Daniel Larison, and John Podhoretz, expressed their support for the impeachment and removal of Trump. The conservative editorial board of The Wall Street Journal wrote that Trump's behavior in the incident "crosses a constitutional line that Mr. Trump hasn't previously crossed. It is impeachable" and that the "best outcome would be for him to resign." Calling the armed storming of the Capitol an "act of sedition", The Washington Post's editorial board wrote that Trump's "continued tenure in office poses a grave threat to U.S. democracy" as well as to public order and national security, and called for Pence to immediately begin the 25th Amendment process to declare Trump "unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office" so that Pence could serve until Biden's inauguration on January 20.
The National Association of Manufacturers also requested Pence to "seriously consider" invoking the 25th Amendment. On the evening of January 6, some Cabinet members held preliminary discussions about the possibility of invoking the 25th Amendment to declare Trump "unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office" and thus transfer his powers and duties to Pence as acting president.
Impeachment proceedings
On January 11, House Representatives David Cicilline (D–RI), Jamie Raskin (D–MD), and Ted Lieu (D–CA) introduced a four-page article of impeachment against Trump on a charge of incitement of insurrection. The article states that Trump "demonstrated that he will remain a threat to national security, democracy and the Constitution if allowed to remain in office, and has acted in a manner grossly incompatible with self-governance and the rule of law"; "gravely endangered the security of the United States and its institutions of government"; "inciting violence against the government of the United States"; "threatened the integrity of the democratic system, interfered with the peaceful transition of power, and imperiled a coequal branch of government"; and "thereby betrayed his trust as president, to the manifest injury of the people of the United States." The article cites Trump's role in inciting the Capitol riot as well as "his prior efforts to subvert and obstruct the certification of the results of the 2020 Presidential election" including the efforts to pressure Georgia Governor Brian Kemp, Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger, and other state officials and lawmakers. As permitted by the Constitution, the article also seeks to permanently disqualify Trump—who has reportedly considered running for the Republican presidential nomination in 2024—from holding any federal office.
On January 12, the House passed, on a 223–205 vote, a resolution formally calling upon Vice President Pence to invoke Section 4 of the 25th Amendment, declaring Trump "incapable of executing the duties of his office" and immediately assuming powers as acting president until Biden is sworn into office on January 20. The resolution passed on a mostly party-line vote, with all Democrats voting yes and all Republicans (except for Adam Kinzinger of Illinois) voting no. The resolution stated that unless Pence responded within 24 hours, the House would proceed with impeachment proceedings against Trump. Ahead of the January 12 vote, Pence sent a letter to Speaker Pelosi saying that he would not invoke the 25th Amendment. Pence's refusal ensured that an impeachment vote would take place. If passed, Trump would become the first president to be twice impeached.
An impeachment vote is set for January 13. The impeachment resolution is co-sponsored by 160 Democratic representatives. By January 12, a total of 213 Representatives (208 Democrats and 5 Republicans) and 37 Senators (all Democrats or independents who caucus with the Democrats) expressed support for Trump's impeachment. Every Democrat is expected to vote to impeach Trump, joined by potentially up to two dozen Republicans.
Unless Senate Majority Leader McConnell and Senate Minority Leader Schumer both agree to an emergency reconvening of the chamber under Senate rules, a trial will likely begin in the Senate as early as January 19, the day before Trump's presidential term ends. McConnell did not call on Trump to resign or be removed from office, but McConnell reportedly told associates that he believed Trump had committed impeachable offenses and that Trump's impeachment would make it easier for him to be purged from the Republican Party.
Potential spread of COVID-19
Further information: COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.Public health experts have said that the storming of the Capitol was a potential COVID-19 superspreader event. Activist Tim "Baked Alaska" Gionet participated in the riot despite a recent positive diagnosis, and few members of the crowd wore face coverings, with many coming from out of town. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and lead member of the White House Coronavirus Task Force, said that the rioters' failure to "adhere to the fundamentals of public health" to prevent the spread of COVID-19—such as "universal wearing of masks, keeping physical distance, avoiding crowds in congregate settings"—placed them at risk. The day after the event, Eric Toner, a senior scholar from the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, said the storming of the Capitol was "extraordinarily dangerous" from a public-health perspective.
As many as 200 congressional staffers reportedly sheltered in various rooms inside the Capitol, further increasing the risk of transmission. Brian P. Monahan, the attending physician of Congress, reported that members of Congress who were in protective isolation during the attack, some for several hours, may have been exposed to others with COVID-19; Monahan advised members to take protective measures, monitor for symptoms, and take a precautionary RT-PCR test. A video of members of Congress sheltering in place shows a group of maskless Republicans, including Andy Biggs, Scott Perry, Michael Cloud (R–TX) and Markwayne Mullin (R–OK), refusing masks offered by Representative Lisa Blunt Rochester (D-DE); Blunt Rochester later wrote that she was "disappointed in my colleagues who refused to wear a mask" but "encouraged by those who did." Representative Jacob LaTurner (R–KS) tested positive after the lockdown was lifted, and, as a result, was absent from the House floor when the Electoral College certification resumed.
Starting January 11, three members of Congress, Representatives Bonnie Watson Coleman (D–NJ), Pramila Jayapal (D–WA), and Brad Schneider (D-IL), tested positive after being exposed to maskless members of Congress during the lockdown. Both had gone into isolation while awaiting testing results. Jayapal condemned Republican colleagues who, while sheltering in place during the riots, "not only cruelly refused to wear a mask but mocked colleagues and staff who offered them one."
Corporate crackdowns on extremist content and Trump connections
See also: Twitter suspensionsThe role of social media in the storming of the Capitol created pressure for platforms to strengthen enforcement of moderation policies prohibiting extremist content to prevent further violence. The response of social media platforms renewed accusations by some conservatives that their policies and enforcement promote an implicit ideological bias by limiting the expression of conservative political and social viewpoints even through controversial or false statements. The First Amendment, however, only restricts government-sanctioned limits on speech, and its protections do not apply to private entities and to obscene or defamatory speech.
Suspensions of Trump's social media, content, and connections
Shortly after Trump's January 6 video message was uploaded, the video was removed by Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube for violating site policies on "civil integrity" and election misinformation. Facebook executive Guy Rosen said the video was removed because "it contributes to rather than diminishes the risk of ongoing violence." That evening, Twitter locked Trump's account for twelve hours and threatened a permanent suspension for "repeated and severe violations of our Civic Integrity policy." Twitter also required him to remove three of his tweets. Snapchat indefinitely suspended Trump's account on the platform the same day, while Shopify terminated shops that sold Trump campaign paraphernalia and merchandise from his personal TrumpStore brand.
The following day, Facebook and its platforms, including Instagram, announced they had banned Trump indefinitely, at least until the end of his presidential term. Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg wrote, "The shocking events of the last 24 hours clearly demonstrate that President Donald Trump intends to use his remaining time in office to undermine the peaceful and lawful transition of power to his elected successor." On January 7, Twitch announced it had disabled Trump's channel on the platform. TikTok announced it would restrict videos of the Capitol attack and Trump's January 6 address, other than those providing factual information, criticism or journalistic value. Pinterest began limiting hashtags related to pro-Trump topics such as #StopTheSteal since around the November election.
On January 8, Twitter permanently suspended Trump "due to the risk of further incitement of violence" from his tweets, writing that specific tweets by Trump that "are likely to inspire others to replicate the violent acts that took place on January 6, 2021, and that there are multiple indicators that they are being received and understood as encouragement to do so." The company also noted that "Plans for future armed protests have already begun proliferating on and off-Twitter, including a proposed secondary attack on the US Capitol and state capitol buildings on January 17, 2021." Twitter said it would not ban government accounts like @POTUS or @WhiteHouse, but would "take action to limit their use"; the company and that sock puppet accounts created for Trump in an attempt to evade the ban would be permanently suspended "at first detection." Circumventing the ban, Trump blasted Twitter's decision in threads posted from the @POTUS account and @TeamTrump (his campaign account), accusing Twitter without evidence of "coordinat with the Democrats and the Radical Left in removing my account from their platform to silence me" and uploaded an image of Twitter's bird logo emblazoned with the Soviet flag. Twitter removed the @POTUS posts and suspended @TeamTrump for repeated violations of its block evasion policy. Twitter also suspended Trump campaign digital director Gary Coby's account after he forwarded his account information to Trump's deputy chief of staff, Dan Scavino, in an attempt to transfer it for Trump's use.
On January 10, the Professional Golfers' Association of America (PGA) exercised its contractual right to terminate its arrangement to host the 2022 PGA Championship at Trump National Golf Club in Bedminster, New Jersey, which had been awarded the tournament in 2014. The PGA said that it had "become clear that conducting the PGA Championship at Trump Bedminster would be detrimental to the PGA of America brand"; Trump had spent years trying to land a golf championship at one of his resorts. The next day, the R&A followed suit, saying it would not hold any of its championships "in the foreseeable future" at Trump Turnberry in Scotland. Also on January 10, Stripe announced it would stop processing online card payments to Trump's campaign for violating its terms of service against encouraging violence. Other companies reportedly seeking to cut ties with Trump include Deutsche Bank and Signature Bank.
On January 12, YouTube announced that it had temporarily banned Trump's channel for seven days, restricting it to upload any new videos or live-streams. Youtube said the decision came after the president violated the platform's policies by posting content that incited violence. All the previous content on the channel was removed. YouTube also said that the ban could be extended.
Suspensions of other social media accounts
Twitter also banned accounts deemed to be "solely dedicated to sharing QAnon content", including those belonging to former national security adviser Michael Flynn and his son Michael Flynn Jr., attorneys Sidney Powell and L. Lin Wood (both of whom brought failed lawsuits challenging the election results), and former 8chan administrator Ron Watkins. Twitter's ban of Trump and others was criticized by some Trump allies, as well as some foreign leaders.
Also on January 8, Discord banned a pro-Trump server called "The Donald", which had ties to the banned subreddit r/The Donald. Discord cited the connection between the server and The Donald's online forum, which was used in planning the riot. Parler removed several posts from Wood espousing conspiracy theories and violent rhetoric, including a call for Vice President Pence and others to be subjected to firing squads, for violating community rules on speech encouraging violence. YouTube terminated two accounts belonging to former White House chief strategist Steve Bannon, including one hosting his "War Room" podcast, for repeated community guidelines violations pertaining to misinformation about widespread fraud or errors that affected the 2020 election's outcome.
On January 12, Facebook and Twitter announced that they were removing content related to the "Stop the Steal" movement and suspending 70,000 QAnon-focused accounts, respectively.
Removal of services from Parler
Parler, a Twitter-emulating microblogging platform, rose to prominence during the 2020 campaign and found renewed attention after the riot. The site (which bills itself as a "free speech social network") attracts users from right-wing and far-right figures, including those banned from Facebook and Twitter. After Twitter permanently banned Trump, there was a sharp one-day increase in the number of Parler downloads on the Apple App Store and some prominent right-wing politicians advertised their Parler accounts. Apple and Google removed the Parler app from their App Store and Google Play Store, respectively, citing the site's role in the planning and coordination of the insurrection, its hosting of posts inciting violence, and its failure to adopt more robust content moderation of violence-inciting speech. Amazon also terminated the cloud services that it had been providing to Parler through Amazon Web Services. As a result, Parler's website and apps ceased to be operational at 11:59 p.m. PST on January 10. Amazon said it had sent reports of 98 instances, along with screenshots provided of several examples, of posts that "clearly encourage and incite violence" to Parler in the weeks preceding the decision. Parler's COO Jeffrey Wernick said that Parler would return in some form. Parler sued Amazon in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington, raising antitrust and breach of contract claims; the company sought a court order forcing Amazon to reinstate service.
Security measures
Following the storming of the Capitol and increased incidents of harassment, members of Congress received additional security as they travel through airports, and Capitol Police were stationed at D.C.-area airports (Reagan National, Baltimore-Washington, and Dulles) through Biden's inauguration. Security was also heightened at the Capitol itself; a "non-scalable" security fence was placed around the Capitol and 6,200 members of the National Guard were deployed to the national capital region. Up to 15,000 National Guard members will be deployed in time for Inauguration Day, and they will have access to lethal force through January 20.
In response to calls for further protests and violence in Washington, D.C., and states across the U.S., the FBI and state law enforcement agencies began conducting threat assessments and tracking extremist rhetoric online.
CNN reported on January 11 that an internal FBI bulletin warned that "Armed protests are being planned at all 50 state capitols from 16 January through at least 20 January, and at the US Capitol from 17 January through 20 January," continuing, "an identified group calling for others to join them in 'storming' state, local and federal government courthouses and administrative buildings in the event POTUS is removed as President prior to Inauguration Day. This identified group is also planning to 'storm' government offices including in the District of Columbia and in every state, regardless of whether the states certified electoral votes for Biden or Trump, on 20 January."
In a January 11 briefing, Capitol Police informed House Democrats they were prepared for "tens of thousands of armed protesters" in the coming days, and that they were aware of and monitoring three separate plots: one in honor of killed rioter Ashli Babbitt, another promoted as the United States' "largest armed protest ever", and a third "would involve insurrectionists forming a perimeter around the Capitol, the White House and the Supreme Court" before "blocking Democrats from entering the Capitol ― perhaps even killing them ― so that Republicans could take control of the government". A House lawmaker told HuffPost that insurrectionist groups, now left without sites like Parler, were "purposely trying to get the media to report" on planned demonstrations or attacks, and another said the group discussed having members of Congress pass through metal detectors for Biden's inauguration, noting concern about "all these members who were in league with the insurrectionists who love to carry their guns".
Events outside Washington, D.C.
State capitols
Multiple U.S. state capitols were temporarily closed or evacuated after the storming of the U.S. Capitol. Several states also experienced protests and riots.
Eleven people were arrested for illegal possession of pepper spray at a demonstration near the California State Capitol in Sacramento. There was at least one reported assault. Several roads were closed in downtown Sacramento and some bus lines were stopped, with over 200 police assigned to the demonstration. Some members of the crowd wore t-shirts supporting the far-right Proud Boys. About 60 pro-Trump activists gathered outside the Georgia State Capitol in Atlanta, including armed militia movement members. A courthouse complex and two other government buildings were closed as a precaution. Chester Doles, a former Ku Klux Klan member who leads the far-right group American Patriots USA, attempted to enter the state capitol to deliver a "redress of grievances" about the election to Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger; however, Raffensperger and his staff evacuated early as a precaution. A pro-Trump demonstration took place inside the first-floor rotunda of the Kansas State Capitol; the organizers had a permit and no incidents were reported.
A peaceful "Storm the Capitol" rally in St. Paul, Minnesota, was met by about 30 Minnesota State Patrol troopers and did not breach the state capitol. Demonstrators then marched to the governor's residence. The protesters cheered upon learning that rioters in Washington had entered the U.S. Capitol. Protesters in Lincoln, Nebraska, gathered outside the state capitol during the opening of the new session of the Nebraska Legislature. Protesters and counter-protesters demonstrated at the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus. One brief violent incident was reported. At the Oklahoma State Capitol in Oklahoma City, one arrest was made on charges of attempted arson as well as assault and battery for attempting to light other people's flags on fire. The protest numbered in the hundreds and was otherwise peaceful. There were also arrests in Salem after hundreds gathered outside the Oregon State Capitol. A crowd also formed in Carson City, Nevada. In Indianapolis, approximately 100 people, including many members of the Proud Boys, gathered at the Indiana Statehouse; the Indiana crowd was peaceful.
Two Tennessee lawmakers held a pro-Trump "prayer rally" at Legislative Plaza in Nashville. The crowd numbered roughly 150. Pro-Trump activists in Olympia, Washington, some of whom were armed, broke through the gates at the Washington Governor's Mansion at the State Capitol Campus and occupied the front lawn, prompting a standoff with the State Patrol.
In an internal "situational information report" dated December 29, 2020, the FBI's Minneapolis field office warned of armed protests at every state capitol, orchestrated by the far-right boogaloo movement, before Biden's inauguration. The DHS secretary has moved the preparations for Continuity of Government Operations forward one week to Wednesday January 13, 2021. The National Guard has plans for 10,000 troops in Washington DC by Saturday January 16, 2021, with 5000 additional troops in reserve.
Other U.S. cities
Several hundred protesters gathered outside the Ahern Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. The protest extended onto Las Vegas Boulevard as protesters marched to the Lloyd D. George Federal Courthouse. There were also protests in the Los Angeles area, including at the Los Angeles Police Department headquarters downtown; as well as in Beverly Hills and in Newport Beach. An incident was reported of a protester spraying a counter-protester with a chemical irritant. During the Los Angeles protests, a mob of 30 to 40 Trump supporters physically assaulted a black woman who was walking down the street, shouting racial slurs and chanting "All Lives Matter" while shoving, striking, spraying with pepper spray, and ripping off her hair extensions.
International
Internationally, Trump's allegations of a "stolen" election found a small audience among conspiracy theorists and fringe groups. In Canada, a few dozen people rallied in support of Trump in Toronto, Vancouver, and Calgary. At the Vancouver rally, CBC photojournalist Ben Nelms was assaulted by one of the demonstrators. In Japan, a few hundred people rallied in support of Trump in Tokyo, with several people carrying the U.S. flag and the Rising Sun Flag, a controversial symbol in East Asia due to its association with Japanese imperialism. The gathering in Tokyo was backed by Happy Science, a new religious movement that has been described as a cult, and took place several hours before the rally in Washington, D.C.
See also
- List of incidents of political violence in Washington, D.C.
- Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud
- 2020–21 United States election protests
- Beer Hall Putsch
Notes
- In addition to Milley, the others who signed the statement were General John E. Hyten of the Air Force, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; General James C. McConville, the Army Chief of Staff; General David H. Berger, the Commandant of the Marine Corps; Admiral Michael M. Gilday, the Chief of Naval Operations; Charles Q. Brown, Jr., the Air Force Chief of Staff; General John W. Raymond, the Chief of Space Operations; and Daniel R. Hokanson, the Chief of the National Guard Bureau.
- The 38 senators include two independent Senators who caucus with the Democrats, Angus King (ME) and Bernie Sanders (VT).
- Murkowski called for Trump to resign. Sasse said he would consider articles of impeachment from the House and that Trump "disregarded his oath of office." Toomey said he thought Trump "committed impeachable offenses" and later called on Trump to resign.
- Critics of social media companies who banned Trump included his political allies, such as his Donald Trump Jr.; Republican Senators Ted Cruz (TX) and Marco Rubio (FL), Republican Representatives Lauren Boebert (CO) and Marjorie Taylor Greene (GA), Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, and former ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley, as well as foreign political figures, specificially German chancellor Angela Merkel, Mexican president Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, Russian dissident Alexey Navalny, Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov, and Eduardo Bolsonaro, son of Brazil's president Jair Bolsonaro.
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Under battle flags bearing Donald Trump's name, the Capitol's attackers pinned a bloodied police officer in a doorway, his twisted face and screams captured on video. They mortally wounded another officer with a blunt weapon and body-slammed a third over a railing into the crowd. 'Hang Mike Pence!' the insurrectionists chanted as they pressed inside, beating police with pipes. They demanded House Speaker Nancy Pelosi's whereabouts, too. They hunted any and all lawmakers: 'Where are they?' Outside, makeshift gallows stood, complete with sturdy wooden steps and the noose. Guns and pipe bombs had been stashed in the vicinity. ... The mob got stirring encouragement from Trump and more explicit marching orders from the president's men. 'Fight like hell,' Trump exhorted his partisans at the staging rally. 'Let's have trial by combat,' implored his lawyer, Rudy Giuliani, whose attempt to throw out election results in trial by courtroom failed. It's time to 'start taking down names and kicking ass,' said Republican Rep. Mo Brooks of Alabama. Criminals pardoned by Trump, among them Roger Stone and Michael Flynn, came forward at rallies on the eve of the attack to tell the crowds they were fighting a battle between good and evil.
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We have come to demand that Congress do the right thing and only count the electors who have been lawfully slated. Lawfully slated. I know that everyone here will soon be marching over to the Capitol building to peacefully and patriotically make your voices heard. Today, we will see whether Republicans stand strong for integrity of our elections. But whether or not they stand strong for our country, our country. Our country has been under siege for a long time. Far longer than this four year period.
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Trump's measures to overturn the elections since November 3 constitute a 'coup,' as they involve illegal usurpation of state power, even when it may not involve the use of force. Yet it is a 'self'-coup because it is perpetrated by the head of government rather than military officers or others against that chief executive.
- Sources that refer to the event as a coup include:
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A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered precisely when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count
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Der Putschversuch der Wahlverlierer ist das grotesk anmutende, aber erschütternde Finale eines vierjährigen, autokratischen Fiebertraums, dessen unheimlicher Regisseur Donald Trump war, der selbst ernannte Law-and-Order-Präsident, assistiert von der zusehends radikalisierten Republikanischen Partei und rechtsextremen Propagandamedien.
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For the first time on Wednesday, it was the site of an armed insurrection incited by the sitting president....Not since 1814 has the building been breached. Then, it was by British troops who set fire to the building during a broader attack on Washington in the war of 1812.
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While this is the first large-scale occupation of the U.S. Capitol since 1814, there have been several other instances of violence at the U.S. Capitol, particularly in the 20th century.
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The attack, which some historians called the most severe assault on the Capitol since the British sacked the building in 1814
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The stunning display of insurrection was the first time the US Capitol had been overrun since the British attacked and burned the building in August of 1814, during the War of 1812, according to Samuel Holliday, director of scholarship and operations with the US Capitol Historical Society.
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A mob was able to breach security and successfully enter the building
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During the Civil War, the Confederate Army never reached the Capitol. The rebel flag, to my knowledge, had never been flown inside the halls of Congress until Wednesday. Two days ago, a man walked through the halls of government bearing the flag of a group of people who had seceded from the United States and gone to war against it.
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External links
- US Capitol stormed, collected news and commentary. BBC News Online.
- Save America rally speeches (video)
- FBI Seeking Information Related to Violent Activity at the U.S Capitol Building – FBI
- H. Res. 24 – Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors (Impeachment introduced on January 11, 2021, by Representative David Cicilline, with 160 cosponsors)
- H.Res.31 – Condemning and censuring Representative Mo Brooks of Alabama (censure resolution introduced on January 11, 2021, by Representative Tom Malinowski, with 2 cosponsors)
- Text of articles of impeachment published January 11 2021
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