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Revision as of 15:19, 15 January 2021 by Cemsentin1 (talk | contribs)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) For other uses, see Hadrut (disambiguation). Town in Khojavend, Azerbaijan| Hadrut Հադրութ | |
|---|---|
| Town | |
 The centre of Hadrut | |
  Hadrut | |
| Coordinates: Template:Xb_type:city 39°31′00″N 47°01′48″E / 39.51667°N 47.03000°E / 39.51667; 47.03000 | |
| Country |  Azerbaijan |
| District | Khojavend |
| Elevation | 720 m (2,360 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 4,100 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (UTC) |
Hadrut (Template:Lang-hy) is a town in the Khojavend District of Azerbaijan. The town had an ethnic Armenian-majority population prior to the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war.
Etymology
The name Hadrut is of Persian origin, and means "between two rivers". This is explained by the fact that the older part of the settlement was located between two streams, Guney-chay and Guzey-chay. Hadrut later expanded beyond the two rivers to the east and west.
History
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Spitak Khach (White Cross) church in Hadrut
Surp Harutyun (Holy Resurrection) Church of Hadrut, opened in 1621
The date of Hadrut's foundation is unknown. Fragments of monuments and historical artifacts dated to pre-Christian, early Christian and medieval times have been found in and around Hadrut. There are several ruins of ancient fortresses and walls in the valley surrounding Hadrut. From medieval times until the early 19th century, Hadrut was a part of the Armenian Principality of Dizak, one of the five Melikdoms of Karabakh. In the 15th and 16th century, many of the fortifications, churches and settlements around Hadrut were destroyed by Ottoman and Safavid forces as they fought for control of the South Caucasus. A small number of these structures were rebuilt under the rule of the meliks of Dizak.. Melikdom of Dizak laterly was subordinated to Karabakh Khanate before Russian conquest.
During Russian period, Hadrut was part of Karabakh Province (Its center was Shusha) (1822-1840), Shusha Uyezd of Caspian Oblast (1840-1846), Shuhsha Uzeyd of Shamakhi Governorate (1846-1859), Shusha Uzeyd of Baku Governorate (1859-1868), Shusha Uzeyd of Yelizavetpol Governorate (1868-1873) and Dzhebrail Uyezd of Yelizavetpol Governorate (1873-1917) successively.
During the Soviet period, Hadrut became the centre of the Hadrut District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast within Azerbaijan SSR. Some of the earliest activities of the Karabakh movement occurred in Hadrut, beginning with the collection of petitions in 1986 for the transfer of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast to the Armenian SSR and culminating in a demonstration of one thousand people in Hadrut in February 1988, which then spread to the capital of the NKAO, Stepanakert. Following the town's capture by Armenian forces in 2 October 1992 during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, it became centre of the Hadrut Province of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh.
During the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, heavy fighting took place in Hadrut, marked by the usage of cluster munitions by the Azerbaijani Army. Azerbaijan captured Hadrut on or around 9 October 2020. Although most of the civilian population was evacuated, Armenian authorities alleged that a number of civilians were killed in Hadrut and the surrounding area during or after the battle. Following the battle, a video of an execution of two Armenian men in the town by Azerbaijani soldiers spread online, which prompted investigations.
The town was vandalized and looted by Azerbaijani soldiers after its capture, with people's belongings strewn throughout the streets and the contents of homes upturned. The Armenian cemetery of the town's church was vandalized as well, with its gravestones having been kicked down and smashed. In January 2021, as part of the reconstruction work in Hadrut, new Azerbaijani-language street signs were erected in Hadrut with new street names based on the names of fallen Azerbaijani soldiers and historical Azerbaijani personalities.
Population
The town of Hadrut had around 2,400 registered inhabitants in 1939 of which more than 90% was Armenian. Hadrut also had an Armenian-majority population in 1989.
Economy
The town was home to the Mika-Hadrut Winery, which produced brandy, vodka, and wine.
Gallery
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General view of Hadrut
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Scenery
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Street
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View of Hadrut streets
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A hotel in Hadrut
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Water spring in Hadrut
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Playground
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Hadrut regional hospital
Climate
Hadrut has a cold semi-arid climate (BSk) according to the Köppen climate classification.
| Climate data for Hadrut | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.5 (40.1) |
5.4 (41.7) |
9.2 (48.6) |
16.4 (61.5) |
20.2 (68.4) |
25.2 (77.4) |
28.3 (82.9) |
29.2 (84.6) |
23.7 (74.7) |
18.3 (64.9) |
11.6 (52.9) |
7.1 (44.8) |
16.6 (61.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.9 (26.8) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
0.8 (33.4) |
6.5 (43.7) |
10.8 (51.4) |
14.9 (58.8) |
18.0 (64.4) |
16.9 (62.4) |
13.9 (57.0) |
8.8 (47.8) |
3.7 (38.7) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
7.4 (45.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 22 (0.9) |
28 (1.1) |
42 (1.7) |
54 (2.1) |
79 (3.1) |
59 (2.3) |
25 (1.0) |
24 (0.9) |
31 (1.2) |
44 (1.7) |
34 (1.3) |
23 (0.9) |
465 (18.2) |
| Source: http://en.climate-data.org/location/52897/ | |||||||||||||
International relations
During the Armenian control, Hadrut was twinned with the following cities:
Vagarshapat, Armenia (from 2010)
Burbank, California, United States (from 2014)
References
- http://stat-nkr.am/files/publications/2015/LXH_tverov_2015.pdf
- ^ Андрей Зубов. "Андрей Зубов. Карабах: Мир и Война". drugoivzgliad.com.
- Davidbekov, I. (1888). "Село Гадрут Елисаветпольской губернии Джебраильского уезда". Сборник материалов для описания местностей и племён Кавказа. Вып. 6 [Collection of materials for the description of localities and tribes of the Caucasus․ 6th ed.] (in Russian). Tiflis. p. 150.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Mkrtchyan, Shahen (1980). "Հադրութի ձորակի հուշարձանները ". Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի պատմա-ճարտարապետական հուշարձանները [The historical-architectural monuments of Mountainous Karabakh] (PDF) (in Armenian). Yerevan: Hayastan publishing house. p. 91-95.
- Hakobyan, Tatul (2010). Karabakh Diary: Green and Black: Neither War Nor Peace. Antelias, Lebanon. p. 23-25. ISBN 978-9953-0-1816-4.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Azerbaijan: Cluster Munitions Used in Nagorno-Karabakh". Human Rights Watch. 2020-10-23. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
- "President of Azerbaijan: 'Hadrut settlement and several villages liberated from occupation'". APA.az. 9 October 2020. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
Azerbaijan's Hadrut settlement and several villages were liberated from Armenian aggressors, President Ilham Aliyev said this in his address to the nation, APA reports.
- "Azerbaijani MoD shows soldiers who liberated Hadrut from Armenian occupation (PHOTO)". Trend.Az. 2020-10-19. Retrieved 2020-11-14.
- "Artsakh Ombudsman: The Azerbaijani actions aiming at deepening humanitarian disaster in Artsakh, causing 20 casualties, 93 wounded and over 5800 material losses". Aysor.am. 8 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
- "The Azerbaijani Side Has Killed At Least Five Civilians since the Ceasefire Came into Force". Aysor.am. 8 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
- "At least 5 civilians killed by Azerbaijan in Artsakh following ceasefire". armenpress.am. 11 October 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- "An Execution in Hadrut". Bellingcat. Retrieved 2020-10-16.
- Atanesian, Grigor; Strick, Benjamin (24 October 2020). "Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: 'Execution' video prompts war crime probe". BBC News. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- "Uneasy peace takes hold in contested region of Azerbaijan". PBS NewsHour. 2020-11-30.
- Ali, Samir (2021-01-08). "Signs and plates with street names being put up in Azerbaijan's Hadrut (PHOTOS)". MENAFN - Trend News Agency.
- Result of the Soviet census of 1939 of the Hadrut district "/Census Hadrut (in Russian)".
- "Mika-Hadrut at Spyur IS". Spyur.am. Retrieved 2020-10-13.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - "HADRUT". Էջմիածնի քաղաքապետարանի պաշտոնական կայք (Website of the City of Vagarshapat). Retrieved 2020-10-15.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - "Նորություններ - yerkir.am" [Hadrut (NKR) and Burbank (USA) have become sister cities]. www.yerkir.am. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
