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Year 1202 (MCCII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Fourth Crusade

• April–May – The bulk of the Crusader army gathers at Venice – although with far smaller numbers than expected: about 12,000 men (4–5,000 knights and 8,000 soldiers) instead of 33,500 men. Several contingents decide to make their own way to the Holy Land by different routes. A Crusader fleet sail from Flanders, carrying supplies for the Counts Baldwin IX and his brother Henry of Flanders, winters in Marseilles, but is slowed by adverse weather. Later it sails on to the Middle East, along with other contingents from southern France.
• Summer – The Crusader army, encamped on the island of San Niccolo di Lido between the Venetian Lagoon and the Adriatic Sea, is threatened by Doge Enrico Dandolo to keep them interned unless full payment is made as agreed (see 1201). As the Crusaders wait on the Lido for men to arrive, they also use up food supplies that Venice has agreed to supply. Dandolo faces a financial catastrophe, who has halted its commerce for a year's time, to prepare the expedition. The Crusader lords can offer Dandolo only 51,000 silver marks.
• September 8 – Enrico Dandolo takes the cross and agrees to lead a Venetian force, which, in an outburst of Crusading enthusiasm, reaches some 21,000 men – the largest contingent of the Fourth Crusade. He proclaims the debts will be wiped, if the Crusaders take the 'rebel' Dalmatian city of Zadar, who has pledged its loyalty to Emeric, king of Hungary and Croatia. The Zadar proposal causes disquiet in the Crusader ranks – but it upset also Pope Innocent III threatening to excommunicate those who attack Zadar.
• September – Prince Alexios Angelos sends representatives from Verona to the Crusader leaders in Venice, he promises to submit the Greek Orthodox Church to papal obedience and to provide the Crusade with 200,000 silver marks, together with provisions for a year. Alexios also will contribute 10,000 mounted soldiers to the expedition. In return he wants the Crusade to overthrow his uncle, the Byzantine emperor Alexios III (Angelos).
• November 10–24 – Siege of Zadar: The Crusaders under Boniface of Montferrat besiege and conquer Zadar in Dalmatia. Despite letters from Innocent III forbidding such an action, and threatening excommunication. The leading citizens of Zadar hang banners of crosses along the outer walls, professing their Catholic faith. Nevertheless, the Crusaders breached and sacked the city, killing many.
• Winter – Innocent III excommunicates the Crusader army, along with the Venetians, which winters at Zadar. Many Crusaders, including some senior men, either abandon the Fourth Crusade or make their own way to the Holy Land. However, the majority remains in Zadar, where the army receives some welcome reinforcements. During the winter, negotiations continue with Alexios Angelos.

Europe

• July – John, King of England rescues his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, from near capture by the rebellious forces of Arthur I, Duke of Brittany.
• July 27 – Battle of Basian: Georgians defeat the Seljuqs of Rüm.
• August 1 – Arthur I, Duke of Brittany is captured in Mirebeau, north of Poitiers, during a battle with John, King of England.
• The Almohad fleet expels the Banu Ghaniya from the Balearic Islands.
• The Livonian Brothers of the Sword is founded, to support a crusade against the inhabitants of Medieval Livonia.
• Danes make a crusade to Finland which is led by the Archbishop of Lund Anders Sunesen and his Brother.

Middle East

• May 20 – An earthquake shakes the Levant from Egypt to northern Iraq, causing severe damage in Palestine, Lebanon and western Syria, including the fortifications of the Crusader cities of Acre, Jaffa and Tyre.

By topic

Literature

• Leonardo Fibonacci writes Liber Abaci, about the modus Indorum, the Hindu–Arabic numeral system, including the use of zero; it is the first major work in Europe to move away from the use of Roman numerals.

Religion

• Spring – Pope Innocent III reasserts his right to evaluate and crown the Holy Roman Emperor, in a letter to Berthold V, duke of Zähringen.
• Rueda Abbey is founded by Cistercians at Sástago, in the Kingdom of Aragon (modern Spain).

Births

• June 2 – Margaret II, Countess of Flanders (d. 1278)
• Matilda II, Countess of Boulogne, spouse of King Afonso III of Portugal (d. 1262)
• Qin Jiushao, Chinese mathematician of the Song dynasty (d. 1261)

Deaths

• January 9 – Birger Brosa, Swedish Jarl
• March 9 – Sverre Sigurdsson, King of Norway since 1184
• March 13 – Mieszko III the Old, king of Poland (b. c. 1121)
• May 7 – Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey
• November 12 – Canute VI of Denmark (b. 1163)
• Cathal Carragh Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht
• Alain de Lille, French theologian and poet (b. c. 1128)

Science and Technology

• 1202 was a program alarm during the lunar descent phase of the Apollo 11 Lunar Module caused by a data overflow in the Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC)

References

1. David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Campaign - Nr. 237. The Fourth Crusade 1202–04. The betrayal of Byzantium, p. 44. ISBN 978-1-84908-319-5.
2. David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Campaign - Nr. 237. The Fourth Crusade 1202–04. The betrayal of Byzantium, p. 44. ISBN 978-1-84908-319-5.
3. David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Campaign - Nr. 237. The Fourth Crusade 1202–04. The betrayal of Byzantium, p. 45. ISBN 978-1-84908-319-5.
4. David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Campaign - Nr. 237. The Fourth Crusade 1202–04. The betrayal of Byzantium, pp. 45–46. ISBN 978-1-84908-319-5.
5. David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Campaign - Nr. 237. The Fourth Crusade 1202–04. The betrayal of Byzantium, pp. 46–48. ISBN 978-1-84908-319-5.
6. David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Campaign - Nr. 237. The Fourth Crusade 1202–04. The betrayal of Byzantium, p. 48. ISBN 978-1-84908-319-5.
7. Warren, W. L. (1961). King John. University of California Press. pp. 77–78.
8. Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
9. Georg Haggren; Petri Halinen; Mika Lavento; Sami Raninen ja Anna Wessman (2015). Muinaisuutemme jäljet. Helsinki: Gaudeamus. p. 380.
10. David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Campaign - Nr. 237. The Fourth Crusade 1202–04. The betrayal of Byzantium, p. 17. ISBN 978-1-84908-319-5.

• 1202