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Mary مَرْيَم Maryam
"Maryam daughter of ʿImrān" in Islamic calligraphy
The Prophetess, Virgin, The Purified, The Exalted, Mother of Isa, Mother of The Messiah, Keeper of Chastity, Mystic, Female Exemplar, Maternal Heroine, Queen of the Saints Sai'mah, Mustafiah, Rāki’ah, Sājidah, Qānitah, Siddiqah, Tāhirah
Born	c. 20 BCE Nazareth
Died	c. 100–120 CE Jerusalem
Venerated in	Islam Christianity
Major shrine	Mary's Tomb, Kidron Valley
Influenced	Many notable Muslim and Christian women

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Maryam binat Imran (Template:Lang-ar, Maryam ʾbinat ʿImrān), the mother of Isa (Jesus), English: Mary, daughter of Amram, holds a singularly exalted place in Islam as the only woman named in the Quran, which refers to her seventy times and explicitly identifies her as the greatest of all women, stating, with reference to the angelic saluation during the annunciation, "O Mary, God has chosen you, and purified you; He has chosen you above all the women of creation." In the Quran, her story is related in three Meccan chapters (19, 21, 23) and four Medinan surahs (3, 4, 5, 66), and the nineteenth Surah titled Maryam, is named after her. The Quran refers to Mary more often than the Bible.

According to the Quran, divine grace surrounded Mary from birth, and, as a young woman, she received a message from God through the archangel Gabriel that God had chosen her, purified her, and had preferred her above all "the women of the worlds." This event, according to the same narrative, was followed by the annunciation of a child who was to be miraculously conceived by her through the intervention of the divine spirit while she was still virgin, whose name would be Jesus and who would be the "anointed one," the Promised Messiah. As such, orthodox Islamic belief "has upheld the tenet of the virgin birth of Jesus," and although the classical Islamic thinkers never dwelt on the question of the perpetual virginity of Mary at any great length, it was generally agreed in traditional Islam that Mary remained a virgin throughout her life, with the Quran's mention of Mary's purification “from the touch of men” implying perpetual virginity in the minds of many of the most prominent Islamic fathers.

Family

The Quran calls Mary "the daughter of Imran" and it mentions that people called her a "sister of Aaron". Her mother, mentioned in the Quran only as the wife of Imran, prayed for a child and eventually conceived. According to al-Tabari, Mary's mother was named Hannah, and Imran, her husband, died before the child was born. Expecting the child to be male, Hannah vowed to dedicate him to isolation and service in the Temple. However, Hannah bore a daughter instead, and named her Mary.

However the only person referred to as "sister of Aaron" in the Bible is Miriam (Exodus 15:20). Miriam is also believed to be one of Amram's three children the other two being Moses and Aaron (Numbers 26:59).

Islamic tradition

Mary is one of the most honored figures in Islamic theology, with the majority of Muslims viewing her as one of the most righteous women to have lived, and a minority viewing her as a prophet. Muslim women look upon her as an example and are known to visit both Muslim and Christian shrines. Muslim tradition, like Christian, honors her memory at Matariyyah near Cairo, and in Jerusalem. Muslims also visit the Bath of Mary in Jerusalem, where Muslim tradition recounts Mary once bathed, and this location was visited at times by women who were seeking a cure for barrenness. Some plants have also been named after Mary, such as Maryammiah, which, as tradition recounts, acquired its sweet scent when Mary wiped her forehead with its leaves. Another plant is Kaff Maryam (Anastatica), which was used by some Muslim women to help in pregnancy, and the water of this plant was given to women to drink while praying.

Islamic literature does not recount many instances from Mary's later life, and her assumption is not present in any Muslim records. Nevertheless, some contemporary Muslim scholars, an example being Martin Lings, accepted the assumption as being a historical event from Mary's life. One of the lesser-known events which are recorded in Muslim literature is that of Mary visiting Rome with John and Thaddeus (Jude), the disciples (al-Hawāriyūn) of Jesus, during the reign of Nero.

Qadi al-Nu'man, the twelfth century Muslim jurist and luminary, in his book on the esoteric interpretation of faith, Asās al-Ta'wīl, talks about the spiritual birth (milad al-bātin) of Jesus, as an interpretation of his story of physical birth (milad al-zāhir). He says that Mary, the mother of Jesus, was a metaphor for someone who nurtured and instructed Jesus, rather than physically giving birth to him. He also pointed out that Zachariah (The Imam of the Time) appointed Mary as one of his proofs (sing. hujja).

Titles

• Qānitah: Mary is so called in Quran 66:12. The Arabic term implies the meaning, not only of constant submission to God, but also absorption in prayer and invocation, meanings that coincides with the image of Mary spending her childhood in the temple of prayer. In this way, Mary personifies prayer and contemplation in Islam.
• Siddiqah: She who confirms the truth or She who has faith. Mary is called Siddiqah twice in the Quran (Q5:73–75 and Q66:12). The term has also been translated, She who believes sincerely completely.
• Sājidah: She who prostrates to God in worship. The Quran states: "O Mary! Worship your Lord devoutly: prostrate yourself". While in Sujud, a Muslim is to praise God and glorify Him. In this motion, which Muslims believe to be derived from Marian nature, hands, knees and the forehead touch the ground together.
• Rāki’ah: She who bows down to God in worship. The Quran states: "O Mary! Bow down in prayer with those men, who bow down." The command was repeated by angels only to Mary, according to the Muslim view. Ruku' in Muslim prayer during prayer has been derived from Mary's practice.
• Tāhirah: She who was purified.
• Mustafia: She who was chosen. The Quran states: "O Mary! God has chosen you and purified you and again he has chosen you above all women of all nations of the worlds".
• Sa’imah: She who fasts. Mary is reported to fast one-half of a year in some Muslim traditions.

Many other names of Mary can be found in various other books and religious collections. In Hadith, she has been referred to by names such as Batul, Adhraa (Ascetic Virgin), and Marhumah (Enveloped in God's Mercy).

Burial place

Mary is believed to have been buried at the Tomb of the Virgin Mary in the Kidron Valley, at the foot of the Mount of Olives, in Jerusalem. The Christian church on the site has been destroyed several times but the crypt has remained intact. The site is run by the Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem who share it with the Armenian Apostolic Church. A mihrab was built on the site to aid Muslim pilgrims in prayer.

Legacy

Mosques named after Mary:

1. Mary Mother of Jesus Mosque in Hoppers Crossing, Victoria, Australia.
2. Mosque Maryam (Mary), the Nation of Islam National Center, Chicago, IL
3. Qal'bu Maryam Women's Mosque (Heart of Mary), Berkeley, CA
4. Maryam Umm Eisa (Mary Mother of Jesus), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
5. Mariam Al-Batool Mosque (Virgin Mary) in Paola, Malta
6. Mary (Ahmadiyyah) Mosque in Galway, Ireland.

Gallery

• Wall painting at Tomb of Mary
• Inside of the Tomb of Mary
• Outside view the Tomb of Mary

See also

• Surah Maryam
• Saint Mary – Iranian film depicting the life of Mary
• Jesus in Islam

References

1. Qur'an 3:42; cited in Stowasser, Barbara Freyer, “Mary”, in: Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān, General Editor: Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Georgetown University, Washington DC.
2. J.D. McAuliffe, Chosen of all women
3. J.-M. Abd-el-Jalil, Marie et l'Islam, Paris 1950
4. Qur'an 3:42; cf. trans. Arberry and Pickthall; Stowasser, Barbara Freyer, “Mary”, in: Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān, General Editor: Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Georgetown University, Washington DC.
5. Esposito, John. What Everyone Needs to Know About Islam. New York: University Press, 2002. P31.; cf. Stowasser, Barbara Freyer, “Mary”, in: Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān, General Editor: Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Georgetown University, Washington DC.
6. Enzyklopadie des Islam English translation of German article about "Maria" at eslam.de
7. ^ Stowasser, Barbara Freyer, “Mary”, in: Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān, General Editor: Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Georgetown University, Washington DC.
8. e.g. Rāzī, Tafsīr, viii, 46
9. Clooney S.J., Francis X., "What Islam really teaches about the Virgin Mary", America, December 18, 2015
10. Quran 19:28
11. ^ Quran 3:35
12. Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (2013-05-21). The Qur'an and Its Interpreters: Volume 2: Surah 3. Islamic Book Trust. p. 93. ISBN 978-967-5062-91-9.
13. Wheeler, Brannon M. (2002). Prophets in the Quran: an introduction to the Quran and Muslim exegesis. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 297–302. ISBN 0-8264-4957-3.
14. Da Costa, Yusuf (2002). The Honor of Women in Islam. LegitMaddie101. ISBN 1-930409-06-0.
15. Quran 3:36
16. Beyond The Exotic: Women's Histories In Islamic Societies, pg. 402. Ed. Amira El-Azhary Sonbol. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2005. ISBN 9780815630555
17. T. Canaan, Muhammaden Saints and Sanctuaries in Palestine, in Journal of the Palestine Oriental Sac., iv/1–2, 1924, 1–84
18. Muhammad, M. Lings, pg. 101
19. Bosworth, C.E. et al., The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume VI: Mahk-Mid, Brill: 1991, p. 631
20. Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
21. ^ Cite error: The named reference s66a12 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
22. Quran 5:73–75
23. Quran 3:43
24. ^ Quran 3:42
25. Khattan, Rahib; The Blessed names of Sayyidatina Maryam, pg 111
26. "Masjid Maryam (Virgin Mary) – Hoppers Crossing, Victoria". Foursquare.com. Retrieved 2013-11-03.
27. "UAE names Abu Dhabi mosque after Mary, mother of Jesus". 15 June 2017.

External links

• Our Lady and Islam: Heaven's Peace Plan, an article by Father Ladis J. Cizik, Blue Army National Executive Director. Part of All About Mary, an encyclopedic tool for information on Mary, the Mother of Christ, compiled by the University of Dayton's Marian Library/International Marian Research Institute, the world's largest repository of books, artwork and artifacts devoted to Mary and a pontifical center of research and scholarship.
• The Qur'an and Mary, part of All About Mary, an encyclopedic tool for information on Mary, the Mother of Christ, compiled by the University of Dayton's Marian Library/International Marian Research Institute.
• Jesus and The Virgin Mary in Islam By Juan Galvan
• Mary from Sufi Islam perspective

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