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Year 1208 (MCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Asia

• April 15 – A fire breaks out in the Song Chinese capital city of Hangzhou, raging for four days and nights, destroying 58,097 houses over an area of more than 3 miles (4.8 km), killing 59 people, and an unrecorded number of other people, who are trampled while attempting to flee. The government provides temporary lodging for 5,345 people, in nearby Buddhist and Taoist monasteries. The collective victims of the disaster are given 160,000 strings of cash, along with 400 tons of rice. Some of the government officials who lost their homes take up residence in rented boathouses, on the nearby West Lake.

Europe

• January 15 – Pierre de Castelnau is murdered by heretics supported by Raymond VI, count of Toulouse. He is held responsible and excommunicated by Pope Innocent III, leading to the Albigensian Crusade.
• January 31 – Battle of Lena: Swedish forces under King Eric X defeat the invading Danish army (some 12,000 men). King Sverker II (the Younger) is deposed as king of Sweden and is succeeded by Eric X.

England

• March 24 – Innocent III places England under an interdict, as punishment for King John (Lackland), for refusing to accept Stephen Langton as archbishop of Canterbury. During the interdict, religious services as marriages, burials, or baptisms cannot be performed. John confiscates church property of clergy who are unwilling to conduct services. Many bishops in the country flee abroad to the Continent.
• June 21 – Philip of Swabia, King of Germany and rival to Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV, is assassinated in Bamberg by German Count Otto of Wittelsbach, because Philip had refused to give him his daughter in marriage.
• June 30 – Battle of Philippopolis: The Second Bulgarian Empire is defeated by the Latin Empire, near modern Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
• Livonian Crusade: With the help of the newly converted local tribes of Livs and Letts, the crusader Livonian Brothers of the Sword initiate raids into Ugandi County in southern Estonia. The resulting Estonian ancient fight for independence lasts until 1227.

By topic

Literature

• Robert of Courçon, a English cardinal, writes his Summa – devoted to questions of canon law and ethics – dealing at length with the question of usury.

Births

• February 2 – King James I of Aragon (d. 1276)
• Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, Constable of England (d. 1275)
• date unknown – Margrete Skulesdatter, queen consort of Norway (d. 1270)
• probable – Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (d. 1265)

Deaths

• January 15 – Pierre de Castelnau, French priest (assassinated)
• April 22 – Philip of Poitou, Prince-Bishop of Durham
• June 21 – Philip of Swabia, King of Germany
• November 9 – Sancha of Castile, Queen of Alfonso II of Aragon (b. 1155)
• December 29 – Emperor Zhangzong of Jin, (b. 1168)
• Amhaoibh O'Rothlain, Chief of Calruidhe Cuile Cearnadha

References

1. Sumption, Jonathan (1978). The Albigensian Crusade. London, England: Faber. ISBN 0-571-11064-9.
2. "Church history: Pope Innocent III and the interdict - Our Sunday Visitor". osvnews.com. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
3. King John by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 171
4. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Pierre de Castelnau" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 591.

• 1208