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Revision as of 06:10, 10 September 2021 by GreeBuri (talk | contribs) (→Flag)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) International governing body of association football and its variants This article is about the association football body. For the video game franchise, see FIFA (video game series). For other uses, see Fifa (disambiguation).
| Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) | |
 Logo | |
 Map of the members of FIFA according to their confederation | |
| Abbreviation | FIFA |
|---|---|
| Founded | 21 May 1904; 120 years ago (1904-05-21) |
| Founded at | Paris, France |
| Type | Sports federation |
| Legal status | Governing body of association football |
| Purpose | Sport governance |
| Headquarters | Zürich, Switzerland |
| Coordinates | 47°22′53″N 8°34′28″E / 47.38139°N 8.57444°E / 47.38139; 8.57444 |
| Region served | Worldwide |
| Membership | 211 national associations |
| Official languages |
|
| President | Gianni Infantino |
| Senior Vice-President | Salman bin Ibrahim Al Khalifa (AFC) |
| Vice-Presidents | Alejandro Domínguez (CONMEBOL) Aleksander Čeferin (UEFA) Patrice Motsepe (CAF) Lambert Maltock (OFC) Victor Montagliani (CONCACAF) Sándor Csányi |
| Secretary General | Fatma Samoura |
| Main organ | FIFA Congress |
| Subsidiaries | |
| Affiliations | International Olympic Committee International Football Association Board |
| Staff | 750 |
| Website | www |
FIFA (/ˈfiːfə/ Template:Lang-fr, Template:Lang-en) is a non-profit organization that describes itself as an international governing body of association football, beach football, and futsal.
FIFA was founded in 1904 to oversee international competition among the national associations of Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Headquartered in Zürich, Switzerland, its membership comprises 211 national associations. These national associations must each also be members of one of the six regional confederations into which the world is divided: Africa, Asia, Europe, North & Central America and the Caribbean, Oceania and South America.
FIFA outlines a number of objectives in the organizational Statutes, including growing association football internationally, providing efforts to ensure it is accessible to everyone, and advocating for integrity and fair play. FIFA is responsible for the organization and promotion of a number of international tournaments such as the World Cup which commenced in 1930 and the Women's World Cup which commenced in 1991. Although FIFA does not solely set the laws of the game, that being the responsibility of the International Football Association Board of which FIFA is a member, it applies and enforces the rules across all FIFA competitions. All FIFA tournaments generate revenue from sponsorship; in 2018, FIFA had revenues of over US $4.6 billion, ending the 2015–2018 cycle with a net positive of US$1.2 billion, and had cash reserves of over US$2.7 billion.
History
Main article: History of FIFAThe Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) was founded in the rear of the headquarters of the Union des Sociétés Françaises de Sports Athlétiques (USFSA) at the Rue Saint Honoré 229 in Paris on 21 May 1904. The French name and acronym are used even outside French-speaking countries. The founding members were the national associations of Belgium, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Spain (represented by the then-Madrid Football Club; the Royal Spanish Football Federation was not created until 1913), Sweden and Switzerland. Also, that same day, the German Football Association (DFB) declared its intention of affiliating through a telegram.
The first president of FIFA was Robert Guérin. Guérin was replaced in 1906 by Daniel Burley Woolfall from England, by then a member of the association. The first tournament FIFA staged was the association football competition for the 1908 Olympics in London.
Membership of FIFA expanded beyond Europe with the application of South Africa in 1909, Argentina in 1912, Canada and Chile in 1913, and the United States in 1914.
The 1912 Spalding Athletic Library "Official Guide" includes information on the 1912 Olympics (scores and stories), AAFA, and FIFA. The 1912 FIFA President being Dan B Woolfall. Daniel Burley Woolfall was president from 1906 to 1918
During World War I, with some players sent off to war and the possibility of travel for international fixtures limited, the organization's survival was in doubt by some. Post-war, following the death of Woolfall, the organization was run by Dutchman Carl Hirschmann. It was saved from extinction but at the cost of the withdrawal of the Home Nations (of the United Kingdom) who cited an unwillingness to participate in international competitions with their recent World War enemies. The Home Nations later resumed their membership.
The FIFA collection is held by the National Football Museum at Urbis in Manchester, England. The first World Cup was held in 1930 in Montevideo, Uruguay.
Symbol
Flag
 | |
| Use | Sport  |
|---|---|
| Proportion | 3:5 |
| Adopted | 2018 |
| Design | Blue field with a FIFA logo |
The FIFA flag has a blue background with the organization's logo in the middle.
It was first flown during the 2018 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony in Moscow, Russia.
Anthem
Main article: FIFA AnthemAkin to the UEFA Champions League, FIFA has adopted an anthem composed by the German composer Franz Lambert since the 1994 FIFA World Cup. It has been re-arranged and produced by Rob May and Simon Hill. The FIFA Anthem is played at the beginning of official FIFA sanctioned matches and tournaments such as international friendlies, the FIFA World Cup, FIFA Women's World Cup, FIFA U-20 World Cup, FIFA U-17 World Cup, Football at the Summer Olympics, FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, FIFA Women's U-17 World Cup, FIFA Futsal World Cup, FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup and FIFA Club World Cup.
Since 2007, FIFA has also required most of its broadcast partners to use short sequences including the anthem at the beginning and end of FIFA event coverage, as well as for break bumpers, to help promote FIFA's sponsors. This emulates practices used by some other international football events such as the UEFA Champions League. Exceptions may be made for specific events; for example, an original piece of African music was used for bumpers during the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
Structure
Main article: List of FIFA Member AssociationsSix confederations and 211 national associations
| FIFA confederations |
|---|
|
| AFC, CAF, CONCACAF |
| CONMEBOL, OFC, UEFA |
Besides its worldwide institutions, there are six confederations recognized by FIFA which oversee the game in the different continents and regions of the world. National associations, and not the continental confederations, are members of FIFA. The continental confederations are provided for in FIFA's statutes, and membership of a confederation is a prerequisite to FIFA membership.
Asian Football Confederation (AFC; 47 members)
Confederation of African Football (CAF; 56 members)
Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF; 41 members)
Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (CONMEBOL; 10 members)
Oceania Football Confederation (OFC; 13 members)
Union of European Football Associations (UEFA; 55 members)
In total, FIFA recognizes 211 national associations and their associated national teams as well as 129 women's national teams; see the list of national football teams and their respective country codes. The number of FIFA member associations is higher than the number of UN member states as FIFA has admitted associations from 23 non-sovereign entities as members in their own right, such as the four Home Nations within the United Kingdom and Special Administrative Regions of China: Macau and Hong Kong.
The FIFA Working Committee of Small Nations has categorized potential FIFA members into three categories:
- Independent states not in FIFA (Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Monaco, Palau, Tuvalu, Vatican City)
- Non-independent territories (Åland Islands, Guadeloupe, Greenland, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey, Martinique, Northern Mariana Islands, Réunion, Sint Maarten, Zanzibar)
- Politically sensitive areas (Abkhazia, Crimea, Northern Cyprus, South Ossetia).
The FIFA World Rankings are updated monthly and rank each team based on their performance in international competitions, qualifiers, and friendly matches. There is also a world ranking for women's football, updated four times a year.
Laws and governance
See also: List of presidents of FIFA
FIFA is headquartered in Zürich and is an association established under the law of Switzerland.
FIFA's supreme body is the FIFA Congress, an assembly made up of representatives from each affiliated member association. Each national football association has one vote, regardless of its size. The Congress assembles in ordinary sessions once every year, and extraordinary sessions have been held once a year since 1998. Congress makes decisions relating to FIFA's governing statutes and their method of implementation and application. Only Congress can pass changes to FIFA's statutes. The congress approves the annual report, and decides on the acceptance of new national associations, and holds elections. Congress elects the President of FIFA, its general secretary, and the other members of the FIFA Council in the year following the FIFA World Cup.
FIFA Council – formerly called the FIFA Executive Committee and chaired by the president – is the main decision-making body of the organization in the intervals of congress. The council is composed of 37 people: the president; 8 vice presidents; and 28 members from the confederations, with at least one of them being a woman. The executive committee is the body that decides which country will host the World Cup.
The president and the general secretary are the main office holders of FIFA, and are in charge of its daily administration, carried out by the general secretariat, with its staff of approximately 280 members. Gianni Infantino is the current president, elected on 26 February 2016 at an extraordinary FIFA Congress session after former president Sepp Blatter was suspended pending a corruption investigation.
FIFA's worldwide organizational structure also consists of some other bodies, under the authority of the FIFA Council or created by Congress as standing committees. Among those bodies are the FIFA Emergency Committee, the FIFA Ethics Committee, the Finance Committee, the Disciplinary Committee, and the Referees Committee.
The FIFA Emergency Committee deals with all matters requiring immediate settlement in the time frame between the regular meetings of the FIFA Council. The Emergency Committee consists of the FIFA president as well as one member from each confederation. Emergency Committee decisions made are immediately put into legal effect, although they need to be ratified at the next Executive Committee meeting.
Administrative cost
FIFA publishes its results according to IFRS. The total compensation for the management committee in 2011 was 30 million for 35 people. Blatter, the only full-time person on the committee, earned approximately two million Swiss francs, 1.2 million in salary and the rest in bonuses. A report in London's The Sunday Times in June 2014 said the members of the committee had their salaries doubled from $100,000 to $200,000 during the year. The report also said leaked documents had indicated $4.4 million in secret bonuses had been paid to the committee members following the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa.
Governance
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The Laws of the Game are not solely the responsibility of FIFA; they are maintained by a body called the International Football Association Board (IFAB). FIFA has members on its board (four representatives); the other four are provided by the football associations of the United Kingdom: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, who jointly established IFAB in 1882 and are recognized for the creation and history of the game. Changes to the Laws of the Game must be agreed upon by at least six of the eight delegates.
The FIFA Statutes form the overarching document guiding FIFA's governing system. The governing system is divided into separate bodies that have the appropriate powers to create a system of checks and balances. It consists of four general bodies: the congress, the executive committee, the general secretariat, and standing and ad hoc committees.
Discipline of national associations
FIFA has taken active roles in the running of the sport and developing the game around the world. One of its sanctions is to suspend teams and associated members from international competition when a government interferes in the running of FIFA's associate member organizations or if the associate is "not functioning properly".
A 2007 FIFA ruling that a player can be registered with a maximum of three clubs, and appear in official matches for a maximum of two, in a year measured from 1 July to 30 June has led to controversy, especially in those countries whose seasons cross that date barrier, as in the case of two former Ireland internationals. As a direct result of this controversy, FIFA modified this ruling the following year to accommodate transfers between leagues with out-of-phase seasons.
Video replay and goal-line technology
See also: Goal-line technology and Video assistant refereeFIFA now permits the use of video evidence during matches, as well as for subsequent sanctions. However, for most of FIFA's history it stood opposed to its use. The 1970 meeting of the International Football Association Board "agreed to request the television authorities to refrain from any slow-motion play-back which reflected, or might reflect, adversely on any decision of the referee". As recently as 2008 FIFA president Sepp Blatter said: "Let it be as it is and let's leave with errors. The television companies will have the right to say was right or wrong, but still the referee makes the decision – a man, not a machine." This stance was finally overturned on 3 March 2018 when the IFAB wrote video assistant referees (also known as VARs) into the Laws of the Game on a permanent basis. Their use remains optional for competitions.
In July 2012 FIFA sanctioned the use of goal-line technology, subject to rules specified by the International Football Association Board (IFAB), who had officially approved its use by amending the Laws of the Game to permit (but not require) its use. This followed an incident during a second-round game in the 2010 FIFA World Cup between England and Germany, where a shot by Englishman Frank Lampard, which would have levelled the scores at 2–2 in a match that ultimately ended in a 4–1 German victory, crossed the line but was not seen to do so by the match officials, which led FIFA officials to declare that they would re-examine the use of goal-line technology.
Competitions
See also: List of association football competitions
National teams
Women's |
ClubsWomen's
|
eSportsIndividual Team Former tournaments
|
Current title holders
See also: 2021 in association football and 2021 in sports
Sponsors
See also
- Association football culture
- Association football tactics and skills
- FIFA (video game series)
- List of association football clubs
- List of association football competitions
- List of association football stadiums by country
- List of women's national association football teams
- List of top association football goal scorers
- List of women's association football clubs
- Lists of association football players
Notes
- ^ Australia has been a member of the AFC since 2006.
- French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname are CONCACAF members although they are in South America. The French Guiana team is a member of CONCACAF but not of FIFA.
- Teams representing the nations of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkey are UEFA members, although the majority or entirety of their territory is outside of continental Europe. Monaco is not member of UEFA or FIFA.
References
- ^ "Fédération Internationale de Football Association". Filmcircle.com. 11 June 2014. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
- FIFA.com. "FIFA Committees - FIFA Council - FIFA.com". Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- FIFA.com. "History of FIFA - Foundation - FIFA.com". FIFA.com. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
- FIFA.com. "FIFA Statutes". FIFA.com. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
- FIFA.com. "About FIFA: Organisation". FIFA.com. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
- FIFA Financial Report 2018 (PDF) (Report). 31 December 2018.
- Classic Football History of FIFA – Foundation, https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/fifa/foundation.html
- FIFA (10 September 2009). "FIFA's 208 Member Associations" (PDF). Retrieved 1 December 2015.
- Google Books. Spalding Guide. Retrieved Dec 16, 2020
- FIFA website Retrieved Dec 16, 2020
- ^ Council, Manchester City. "About the National Football Museum | The National Football Museum at Urbis | Manchester City Council". www.manchester.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
- Kearney, Judith; Wood, Lesley; Teare, Richard (28 October 2015). Designing Inclusive Pathways with Young Adults: Learning and Development for a Better World. Springer. ISBN 9789463001571 – via Google Books.
- "FIFA's 113th foundation day: 10 things you should know about world football's governing body : Sports Arena". indiatoday.intoday.in.
- "FIFA anthem". YouTube. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
- "The extraordinary power of the football song". BBC. 14 June 2018.
- "PlayTheGame". Retrieved 11 October 2014.
- "FIFA Congress". FIFA. 27 May 2011. Archived from the original on 5 April 2010.
- "Issa Hayatou to be acting Fifa president following suspension of Sepp Blatter". The Guardian. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
- "Acting FIFA President Issa Hayatou". FIFA. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
- "Emergency Committee". FIFA. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
- Chaudhary, Vivek (25 April 2002). "Outraged Scot takes up the chase of Blatter". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
- "Blatter chairs emergency FIFA meeting as scandal grows". Reuters. 28 May 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
- "FIFA Ratify Suspension of Iraqi Football Association". Goal. 4 December 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
- Fifa-Boni: Von wegen 30 Millionen, Bilanz, 17 May 2012.
- FIFA Financial Report 2013, p94.
- Interview mit: Joseph Blatter Archived 25 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine, persönlich.com, 2002–10.
- "Report claims FIFA bosses secretly doubled their salaries". Sports Sun. Archived from the original on 25 July 2014. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
- EMORY INTERNATIONAL LAW REVIEW. "FIFA TRANSFER REGULATIONS AND UEFA PLAYER ELIGIBILITY RULES: MAJOR CHANGES IN EUROPEAN FOOTBALL AND THE NEGATIVE EFFECT ON MINORS" (PDF). EMORY INTERNATIONAL LAW REVIEW. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
- "Fifa rules out video evidence". The Guardian. London. 5 January 2005. Retrieved 29 November 2009.
- IFAB (27 June 1970). "Minutes of the AGM" (PDF). Inverness: Soccer South Bay Referee Association. § 5(i). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2009.
- "FIFA halts instant replay experiment". CBC News. 8 March 2008.
- "Historic step for greater fairness in football". The IFAB. IFAB. 3 March 2018. Archived from the original on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
- Bailey, Graeme (6 July 2012). "Goal-line technology approved". SKY Sports. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
- "ABOUT GOAL-LINE TECHNOLOGY". FIFA. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
- Coomber, Michael (29 June 2010). "FIFA boss to consider video replay". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
- "FIFA President Infantino hails France 2019, outlines proposals for future of women's game". FIFA. 5 July 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
- "adidas". FIFA.com. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
- "COCA-COLA". FIFA.com. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
- "Hyundai / Kia Motors". FIFA.com. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
- "VISA". FIFA.com. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
- "Wanda Group becomes Fifa partner". SportsProMedia.
- "Qatar Airways announced as Official Partner and Official Airline of FIFA until 2022". FIFA Website.
Further reading
- Paul Darby, Africa, Football and Fifa: Politics, Colonialism and Resistance (Sport in the Global Society), Frank Cass Publishers 2002, ISBN 0-7146-8029-X.
- John Sugden, FIFA and the Contest For World Football, Polity Press 1998, ISBN 0-7456-1661-5.
- Jim Trecker, Charles Miers, J. Brett Whitesell, ed., Women's Soccer: The Game and the Fifa World Cup, Universe 2000, Revised Edition, ISBN 0-7893-0527-5.
External links
- Official website (in English, Chinese, French, German, and Spanish)
- FIFA at Facebook
- FIFA at YouTube
- FIFA at Twitter
- FIFA at Instagram
Other
- BBC's Panorama, FIFA's Dirty secrets, transcript
- Document on alleged FIFA corruption
- FIFA Laws of the Game
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