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Himetataraisuzu-hime is a character and Goddess in Nippon Shoki, the first Emperor and the empress (first empress) of Emperor Jinmu. Himetataraisukeyorihime in Kojiki (Hiyotara Isukeyorihime) (Himetataraisukeyorihime no Mikoto), Himetatara Isukeyorihime (Himetatara Isukeyorihime), and Isukeyorihime. The name of the goddess is also written in the Japanese language. |This is the first time I've ever seen such a thing.

Although there are differences in details among the legends, the mother is depicted as the daughter of an influential person in the Yamato region, and the father as a god. It is said that she married Emperor Jinmu, became his empress, and gave birth to the second emperor, Emperor Suizei.

Different names

In the Kojiki, it is shown that her name was first "Hototataraisukihime" (Hototataraisukihime, Hototataraisusugihime), but was later changed to "Himetataraisukeyorihime" (Himetataraisukeyorihime). For more details, see #Anecdotes of the time of birth in Kojiki. The name is sometimes written simply as "Isukiyorihime".

Sometimes it is written simply "Isuzu Ehime". (Be careful not to confuse her with her sister, Isuzu-yorihime.

Depiction by Chronicles

Himetataraisuhime in the Nihon Shoki and the Predecessor of the Old Testament

The name "Himetataraisuhime" appears in Nihon Shoki, vol. 1, "Kamidaioki (Top)", and Kujiki, vols. 4 and 5, and in Nihon Shoki, vol. 3, "Emperor Jimmu", vol. 4, "Emperor Suizei", and Ikijimoto, vol. 7, "Ehimetataraisuhime".

There are several descriptions of her origins.

In the "Nihon Shoki" (Chronicles of Japan), the "Jindai-ki" (Chronicles of the Gods), the "Jimmu-ki" (Chronicles of the Gods), the "Sui Yasushi-ki" (Chronicles of the Sui Yasushi-ki), and the "Sachiyo-ryu-jihonki" (Chronicles of the Former Days of Japan), it is said that Kotoyonushi was born to Tamakushihime, the daughter of Mizokuhi (Mizokui) of Mishima. It also says that at this time, Kotoyonushi was transformed into "Yahirokuma Crocodile".

Himetataraisukeyorihime in Kojiki

In the middle volume of the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters), they appear as Tomitatara Isusukihime and Hiyotara Isukiyorihime. Seiyadatara-hime was known as a beautiful woman. Omononushi disguised himself as a tannin-painted arrow (a red arrow) and aimed it at Seiyadatara-hime as she was taking a bowel movement. Surprised, Seiyadatara-hime took the arrow and returned to her room, where it turned into a beautiful boy. The two were married and had a daughter. They married and had a daughter, whom they named Hotototara Isusukihime. Later, however, the daughter disliked the name "Hoto" and changed it to "Himetataraisukeyorihime".

Marriage to Emperor Jimmu

According to the Nihon Shoki and other sources, Iwarehiko (later Emperor Jimmu) was born in the "Land of Himuka " and made an expedition to the east, and after numerous battles, the Yamato region and established a government in the Yamato region (Jinmu Tosei). Iwarehiko built the "Kashiwara no Miya" (in Nara Prefecture Kashihara City) at the foot of Unebi Mountain, and the first emperor, Emperor Jimmu , and he would accede to the throne.

Prior to his accession to the throne, he was to receive a consort suitable for the first emperor, and Himetataraisuhime was chosen as his wife. According to the Nihon Shoki, the marriage of Himetatharaizu-hime to Emperor Jinmu (before his accession to the throne, to be precise) took place on September 24 (lunar calendar) of the year before his accession to the throne In the New Year of the following year, Emperor Jinmu ascended the throne, and Himetataraisuhime became the empress at this time

This is the first time in the history of the world that an emperor has been called to the throne.

After the death of Emperor Jinmu

According to the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan), Emperor Jinmu died at the age of 127. Although there are some differences in details, the Nihon Shoki and Kojiki describe a succession struggle that occurred among the children after the death of Emperor Jinmu (see Tegen-ear's Rebellion for details).

Iwarehiko (Emperor Jimmu) married and had a child with Ahiratsu-hime (Abira-hime) before he set out on his eastern expedition from "Himuka Province" However, when Emperor Jimmu made Himetataraisuhime his rightful wife, these children were given the status of bastards. When Emperor Jimmu collapsed, his bastard son Tagishimi decided to take over the throne for himself

In the Kojiki, Tagishimi takes the widowed Himetataraisuhime as his wife and attempts to assassinate the legitimate children of Emperor Jinmu and Himetataraisuhime. Himetataraisuhime, aware of this, composed two waka poems and sent them to her children to warn them of her danger The legitimate sons, who learned of Tagishimi's treasonous intentions through these allegorical verses, made the first move against him and defeated him. Kannuma Kawamimi-no-mikoto, who played the most active role, succeeded to the throne and ascended to the throne as the second emperor (Suiyasu). According to the "Nihon Shoki" (Chronicles of Japan), on New Year's Day 8 of the first year of Emperor Suizei, Himetataraisuhime began to call herself "Empress dowager".

Emperor Suiyasu welcomed Princess Isuzu Yoriyehime as his consort. Isuzu Yoriyoshihime was Himetataraisuhime's younger sister, and thus her aunt in the eyes of Emperor Suiyasu. However, there are different versions of this story, with some claiming that the person who became the consort of Emperor Suiyasu was Kawamata Biyori and others claiming that the empress was Itoorihime.

Siblings

Himetataraisuhime's mother, Tamagushihime (Seya-tara-hime), is said to have given birth to two other children.

• He is said to have had two other children. In the Sekaiyo Kouji Hongi, he is said to have served Emperor Jinmu and become "Shishoku Kokusei Daiyu" (Prime Minister).
• Isuzu Yoriyehime - sister of Himetataraisuhime. In Emperor Suizei, she is said to have become the empress of the second emperor, Emperor Suizei.

Theories about her origin

In the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki, although the details of the stories differ, Himetataraisuhime is depicted as having a mother who is "the daughter of an influential person (a deity) in a region" and a father who is "a deity. There is a theory that Emperor Jinmu, the first emperor of Japan, may have used the marriage of a "daughter of a god" as a way to back up the legitimacy of his regime when he took a regular wife.

The mother is depicted as belonging to Mishima (Mishima, Mishima) of Settsu (Osaka Prefecture) on the maternal side, and Miwa (Miwa, Miwa, Mount Miwa) of Yamato (Nara Prefecture) on the paternal side. If the father of Himetataraisuhime is Kotodaioshigami or Okuninushi, as the Nihonshoki suggests, then Himetataraisuhime has roots in the Izumo region in addition to the Kinki region. , this marriage was a marriage between Iwarehiko (Emperor Jinmu), a stranger from Himuka (Hyūga Province), and a powerful man from Bonkouchi Province (Yamato and Settsu provinces)

Grandfather: Mizokuhi of Mishima

In the "Nihon Shoki" (Chronicles of Japan), the mother is said to be the daughter of Mishima Mizokuhi, although there are some differences in wording. "Mizokuhi" is also written as 溝樴, 溝樴耳神, and 溝杙 in the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters), and as 湟咋, 溝杭 (Shinsen Seijiroku), Mizokui (Shinsen Seijiroku), and other characters may also be applied. "In addition, there are some historical records that refer to him as Mimi-gami, suggesting that he was an object of worship as a divine being. In the genealogy of the Kamo clan, this deity is said to be the ancestor of the Kamo clan and the Katsuragi Kunizo. In the Kamo clan genealogy, he is regarded as the ancestor deity of the Kamo clan and the Katsuragi Kunizo.

The place name "Mishima" is thought to be Settsu Province Mishima County (present-day northern Osaka Prefecture). The Enki-shiki Shinmeicho (established in 927) lists Mishima Kamojinshya (Mishima-e, Takatsuki) and Mizokuijinshya (Ibaraki, Osaka), suggesting that "Mishima no Mizokuhi" was worshipped in this area

In the Edo period, national scholar Nencho Motoi interpreted this "mizo (groove)" to refer to a restroom built over a stream of water, and this has become a common theory. Eiichi Mitani and others have adopted this theory, and there is also a theory that the toilet is strongly related to birth rituals. Kazuo Higo (Professor Emeritus, Tokyo University of Education) disagreed, saying that "mizo" means a ditch in a paddy field. Masayuki Tsugita developed this theory, claiming that Mishima-gun was an ideal place for rice cultivation and that "Mizokuhi of Mishima" was a farming god.

Mothers: Tamakushihime and Seiyadatarahime

Her mother's name is given as "Tamakushihime" in the Nihon Shoki and "Seyadatarahime" in the Kojiki. Both are said to have been known as beautiful women

Noninaga Motoi compares Seiya to Yamato Country, Hiragun-gun, Seinomura, Nara Prefecture, Ikoma County, Misato Town.

Birth by intermarriage

In both the Nihon-shoki and the Kojiki, interracial marriage is involved in the birth of Himetataraisuhime. The father deity visits the woman in the form of "Yahiro Wani" in the Nihon Shoki and "Tan-nuri no Ya" in the Kojiki. Thus, Himetataraisuhime is known as a representative example of a child from an intermarriage in Japanese mythology

Theories about the name

The original name "Hottatara" was derived from a legend that her mother, Seiyadatara Hime, was poked in the pubic region with an arrow. Some interpret the name as a derivative of the word "stand", meaning "hottatara". It is said that the word "hoto" was later changed to "hime" in disgust. There is another theory that "Tatara" is a part of the name inherited from her mother, Seya Datara Hime. The word "isusuki" is said to mean "to walk away in surprise," which is paraphrased as "isuke.

On the other hand, there is an interpretation that the word "tatara" in the name suggests a connection with iron manufacturing, and there is a theory that the fact that Emperor Jimmu took Himetataraizu-hime as his wife symbolizes that the regime had seized iron manufacturing technology, an important technology at that time. For more details, see #Relationship with TATARA Iron Manufacturing.

There is a theory that "Isuzu" means "bell" and refers to the many bells that adorn the hands and feet, or that it suggests a connection with metalworking. There is another theory that the original name "isusuki" was corrupted into "isuzu.

There is also a theory that "yori" means "yoroshi," and that it refers to the flower of the lily, which blooms on the banks of the Sasaigawa River at the foot of Mount Miwa, the home of Himetataraisuzuhime (Isukeyorihime).

Emperor Jimmu's wife question tale

Prior to his coronation, Emperor Jimmu was to welcome a queen suitable for the first emperor. At this time, Okume Mikoto, a vassal who followed Iwarehiko (Emperor Jimmu) from Himuka, recommended Isukeyorihime (Himetataraisuzuhime) as a later candidate. In "Kojiki", Okumemei explains to Emperor Jimmu about the anecdote of the birth of Isuke Yorihime, and explains that Isuke Yorihime, the "son of God," deserves the right after.

In "Kojiki", there is an anecdote that Emperor Jimmu and Okumemei witnessed seven women on the banks of the Sakai River and chose the latter from them. At this time, the exchange of songs between Emperor Jimmu, Mikoto Okume, and Isuke Yorihime is well known as Emperor Jimmu's "wife questioning tale."

"Takasano" refers to the plateau along the Sakai River. The Sakai River is a stream that originates from Mt. Miwa and flows through the precincts of Oomiwa Shrine. Before joining Yamato River (Hatsuse River), it becomes a ceiling river and the riverbank is high.

At the behest of Emperor Jimmu, Okumemei goes to see Isuke Yorihime. Then Isuke Yorihime responds with surprise to Okume's unfamiliar appearance. Twice

In response, Okume Seimei returns as follows.

After this, Isuke Yorihime consents to her marriage. Emperor Jimmu goes to Isukeyorihime's house "on the River Wey (Sakai River)" and stays overnight. The situation at this time is described as follows.

In this part, there is a note about the origin of the place name of Sakai River. There are many "Yamayuri grass" (Yamayuri, actually Sasayuri) around here, and the other name of Yamayuri is "Sagi", so this river is called "Sagigawa (Sakaigawa)". .. On the right bank of the modern Sakai River, the "Emperor Jimmu Seiseki Sakai River Honoring Monument" is installed.

Relation to Tatara steelmaking

There is a theory that the "tatara" part of Himetataraisuzuhime's (Himetataraisukeyorihime) name is interpreted in connection with Tatara iron manufacturing, indicating iron manufacturing in ancient JapanCite error: There are <ref> tags on this page without content in them (see the help page).

According to Yasunao Kojita (Nara Women's University), tatara refers to a tatara furnace, and "hoto" refers to the pubic region as well as to a fireplace. In other words, the fact that Emperor Jinmu took Himetataraisuhime (= Himetataraisukeyorihime = Hottataraisukihime) as his wife can be interpreted as an indication that the royal family controlled the iron and steel industry. Yutaka Yoshino (Japan Literature Association) states that the name "Hottataraisukeyorihime" refers to a priestess who served the god of molten ore and the blast furnace.

Nen'ichi Hon'ichi and other early modern Kokugaku scholars did not interpret the word "tatara" in Himetataraisu-hime (Himetataraisukeyorihime) to mean Fuigo. In their view, the word "tatara" was a slang word used by blacksmiths and was not appropriate to be used in the name of a noble queen, thus dismissing its connection to iron making. "Some interpret "tatara" as a derivative of "stand," meaning "stood up (surprised by an arrow in the pubic region)" or "had an arrow put up (in the pubic region).

Objects of faith

At Kashihara Jingu, founded by Emperor Meiji in 1890, Emperor Jinmu and Himetataraisuhime are enshrined as the main deities.

Himetataraisuhime is also worshipped as a "child guardian myojin" because she saved children, and is enshrined as the main deity at the Shirakawa Shrine (Honkomori-cho, Nara City, Nara Prefecture) In June of every year, the shrine holds the "San-eda Matsuri" (a.k.a. Lily Festival), in which Himetataraisuzuhime is worshipped by offering lilies grown on Mt.

At the upper reaches of the Sakui River, where Himetataraisuhime's parents lived, there is the Sakui Shrine. Here, the main deity is Okami Aratama, but also Himetataraisuhime, Omononushi (father of Himetataraisukeyorihime according to the Kojiki), Seiyadatarahime (mother of Himetataraisukeyorihime according to the Kojiki), Kotoshirohime (mother of Himetataraisukeyorihime according to the Kotoshironushi) (father of Himetataraisukehime according to the Nihonshoki) are enshrined here.

He is also worshipped at Tsumori Jingu Shrine (Kumamoto PrefectureKamimashiki DistrictMashiki Town) and Kosa Shrine (Kosa Town).

Footnotes

Original text of "Nihon Shoki"

Original text of "Kojiki"

1. "Nihon Shoki", "Kore Kokushiki no Shusha".
2. "Kojiki", "Their appearance is beautiful".

Annotations

Notes

1. In the Nihon Shoki, the year of Emperor Jinmu's accession is given as the year of "Shin-Yu". This would be 660 BC if one follows the calculation method established during the Meiji era, taking into account the Chinese prophecy theory and Shin-Yu Revolution theory. In the past, this was considered a historical fact, but in modern times it is not usually considered a historical fact. For details, see Emperor Jinmu accession chronology.
2. The Kojiki records the names of the two children. Tagishiminomikoto (Tagishiminomikoto) and Kisumiminomikoto (Kisumiminomikoto). On the other hand, the Nihon-shoki has only the name of Tegen-mimino-mikoto (Tagishimino-mikoto), and does not mention the name of the person corresponding to Gisumi-mikoto.
3. According to the Nihon Shoki and other sources, Tagishimi served under Emperor Jimmu for many years. However, he was portrayed as having a difficult personality and a tendency to "disobey humanity". These portrayals are not necessarily considered to be the true historical facts. In the replacement of Emperor Jinmu with Emperor Sui Yasushi, the youngest son inheritance took place, which is thought to have been common in ancient Japan. Later, however, first-born inheritance became the norm, and some interpret this to mean that the explanation that the elder brother was eliminated because he was a bad person was necessary for readers who consider first-born inheritance to be legitimate.
4. Mizokuijinshya Mishima Mizokui (Mishima Mizokui) as the founder of the shrine, the Mishima clan would have been a powerful clan in the ancient Kawachi region.
5. Ugayafukiaezu, the father of Emperor Jinmu, is also an Yahirowani, the true identity of his mother, Toyotamahime. His father, Hoori, was unaware of this and witnessed the true form of Toyota Mahime by peeping into her birth. As a result, Toyota Mahime returns to the sea, leaving the baby behind. This baby is the father of Emperor Jinmu.
6. Teiichi Suzumoto (Chemical Society of Japan) argues that the huge Emperor Nintoku's Mausoleum, which dates from the early 5th century, could have been built by establishing iron tools, and that the Yamato Imperial Court of that time probably had the technology for tatara iron. The tatara iron technology was probably secured by the Yamato Imperial Court at that time. The Higashinara Site (located in Ibaraki City, Osaka Prefecture) has unearthed fugi, and some have linked this to iron manufacturing by the Yamato Court. In this Higashinara site (discovered in 1971), bronze bells and their molds have been excavated, and it is certain that bronze bells were made there.
7. "hoto" also refers to "blast furnace".

1. The name "Emperor Jinmu" is a posthumous name given to him in the Nara period. In the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan), he is referred to as "Emperor Shigaraki",
2. August (lunar calendar) August 16]] ("Goshin autumn August 癸丑朔戊辰")), and he chose Himetataraisuhime as his consort and married her on September 24 (" September壬午 ShuoOtomi").

1. Hyuga Province (Miyazaki Prefecture)".
2. generally refers to the Nara Basin.
3. The character for "bellows" used in the notation of the name in the Chronicles of Japan The word "bellows" used in the name notation in the Nihon-shoki refers to the bellows used in iron manufacturing.
4. It is said to be the home of Himetataraisuhime.

References

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6. "Illustrated Chronicles of the Emperors of Japan", p37-41, "Emperor Jimmu"
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20. strictly speaking, Yamato and Settsu provinces It was in ancient times that the ordinance-based state was established. There is a theory that this may indicate the support of
21. There is also a theory that this is an indication of the political method by which Iwarehiko tried to consolidate his control base not only through armed conquest, but also through reconciliation measures with the forces in the region. As will be discussed later, there is also an interpretation that it indicates that Emperor Jinmu's forces secured iron manufacturing technology.
22. "Himetachi in Mythology: Another Kojiki" p94-97 "The First Empress is a 'Son of God'"
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24. Yasunao Kojita (Nara Women's University, History), pdf "The History of the Formation of the Japanese State as Told by the 'Kojiki' and 'Nihonshoki' : From the Perspective of Fire and Iron",2005 (Methods in Japanese History, No. 2 pp. 145-168), viewed 30 July 2018.
25. ^ Teiichi Suzumoto (Chemical Society of Japan),"Tatara Iron and Wako Memorial Hall" 1979, Journal of Chemical Education, 1979, vol. 27, no. 1, 24-27, doi:10.20665/kagakukyouiku.27.1_24, viewed 30 July 2018.
26. Yoshihiko Shindo (Institute for Asian Studies, Asia University),"A Study of the Origins of the Ironware Culture of Ancient Japan", 1975 Journal of the College of Liberal Arts, Asia University, 12, 99-118, 2018. Viewed 30 July.
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Additional Reading

• "Himetachi in Myth: Another Kojiki", Sankei Shimbun reporting team, Sankei Shimbun, 2018, ISBN 978-4-8191-1336-6
• "Nihon no Kami Yomiwake Jiten" (An Encyclopedia of Japanese Gods), Kenji Kawaguchi/editor, Kashiwa Shobo, 1999, 2009 (9th printing), ISBN 4-7601-1824-1
• "Kojiki to Nihon no Kami ga Kunderu Hon" (The Book of Ancient Matters and Understanding Japanese Gods), Kunihiro Yoshida, Gakken Publishing, 2015, ISBN 978-4-05-406340-2
• "Illustrated Chronicle of the Emperors of the Rekishi", Edited by Masao Mitobe, Kazuo Higo, Shizuko Akagi, Shigetaka Fukuchi, Akita Shoten, 1989, ISBN 4-253-00297-8
• "Genealogical Compilation", New Edition, Vol. 1, Upper Section, Divine Emperors (1), edited by Yotohiko Iwasawa, Meisho Shuppan, 1996, ISBN 4-626-01541-7
• "A Genealogical Directory of the Empresses of the Rekishi Era" (Bessatsu Rekishi Yomibon 24, Vol. 27, No. 29, 618), Minoru Sato (ed.), Shinninjin Oraisha, 2002
• "Nihonjinmei Daijiten (Shin-Sen Otona-mei Jiten)" Vol.5, Kunihiko Shimonaka/editor, Heibonsha, 1938, 1979 (reprint edition)
• "Nihon Josei Jinmei Jiten (Dictionary of Japanese Women's Biographies), Popular Edition", edited by Noboru Haga, Yasuko Ichibanghase, Kuni Nakajima, Koichi Soda, Japan Book Center, 1998, ISBN 4-8205-7881-2
• "Dictionary of Japanese Historical Personal Names", Nichigai Associates, 1999, ISBN 4-8169-1527-3
• "Dictionary of Japanese Ancient Clans and Personal Names, Popular Edition", Taro Sakamoto and Kunio Hirano, Yoshikawa Kobunkan, 1990, 2010 (Popular Edition, 1st Edition), ISBN 978-4-642-01458-8
• "Japanese Historical Place Names

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