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Year 1232 (MCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Asia

• April 8 – Mongol conquest of Jin China: The Mongol siege of Kaifeng begins with Jin dynasty China defending Kaifeng, its capital, against Mongol invaders with the use of rockets.
• The original woodblocks of the Tripitaka Koreana are destroyed by Mongol invaders.

Europe

• May – Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II reaffirms the Statutum in favorem principum.
• June 15 – Battle of Agridi: Henry I of Cyprus defeats the armies of Frederick II.
• July 16 – Muhammad Ibn Yusuf Ibn Nasr is elected ruler of Arjona, Spain, by the local mosque. He rebels against the independent ruler of al-Andalus, Ibn Hud al-Yadami, and takes control of the city. This is the foundation of the Nasrid dynasty.
• August – In Italy, Pope Gregory IX is forced to remain in his summer retreat of Anagni by forces from Rome.
• September – Drenther Crusade ends.
• October 29 – Pope Gregory IX orders the Stedinger Crusade to be proclaimed in northern Germany.

Africa

• The Almohad army besieges the city of Ceuta, where Abu Musa, rebellious brother of Caliph Idris al-Ma'mun, has received shelter and the support of the population. The Genoese rent a part of their fleet to the rebels, who successfully resist the forces of the caliph. The consequences of this revolt are threefold: the city becomes de facto independent from the Almohads, but its reliance on the Italian maritime powers increases, and the Trans-Saharan trade routes begin to shift eastward, due to the local turmoil.

By topic

Markets

• The northern French city of Troyes issues its first recorded life annuities, confirming the trend of consolidation of local public debts initiated in 1218, by the neighboring city of Reims.

Religion

• May 30 – Anthony of Padua is canonized by Pope Gregory IX at Spoleto, less than a year after his death; he becomes the patron saint of lost items.

Births

• Arnolfo di Cambio, Florentine architect (d. 1310)
• Manfred, King of Sicily (approximate date; k. 1266)
• Elisabeth of Wrocław, duchess consort of Greater Poland (approximate date; d. 1265)
• Ramon Llull, Majorcan missionary (d. 1316)
• Bernard Saisset, Occitan bishop of Pamiers (d. 1311)

Deaths

• July 18 – John de Braose, Marcher Lord of Bramber and Gower
• Michael Scot, Scottish mathematician and astrologer (b. 1175)
• Azalaïs of Montferrat, marchioness regent of Saluzzo (b. 1150)
• Tolui, son of Genghis Khan (b. c. 1190)

References

1. Linehan, Peter (1999). "Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre". In Abulafia, David (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History c.1198–c.1300. Cambridge University Press. pp. 668–673. ISBN 0-521-36289-X.
2. Gregorovius, Ferdinand. History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages. Vol. 9. p. 164.
3. Maier, Christoph T. (2006). "Drenthe Crusade (1228–1232)". In Murray, A. V. (ed.). The Crusades: An Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. ABC-CLIO. p. 365.
4. Smith, Thomas W. (2017). "The Use of the Bible in the Arengae of Pope Gregory IX's Crusade Calls". In Lapina, Elizabeth; Morton, Nicholas (eds.). The Uses of the Bible in Crusader Sources. Brill. pp. 206–235.
5. Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe–XIIIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
6. Zuijderduijn, Jaco (2009). Medieval Capital Markets. Markets for renten, state formation and private investment in Holland (1300-1550). Leiden/Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-9-00417565-5.
7. Dal-Gal, Niccolò (1907). "St. Anthony of Padua". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved June 13, 2011.

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