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Gounder is a title used by some kshatriya communities in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It may refer to communities such as the Kongu Vellalar, Vokkaliga, Vanniyars, Vettuvars and Uralis.

The title is used to represent Kongu Vellalar community people in Kongu Nadu region in Tamil Nadu.

The title represents Vanniyars in the Northern region of Tamil Nadu in districts of Vellore, Tirupattur, Ranipet, Viluppuram, Kallakurichi, Salem, and Dharmapuri. In the districts of Namakkal, and the Western Tamil Nadu, the communities of Kongu Vellalar, Vanniyar and Vettuvar share this title.

Etymology

There are number of derivations for the title. One theory derives it from the Tamil word Kaamindan, meaning "noble protector of the country", later modified as Kavundan or Gounder.

According to S. N. Sadasivan the Tamil Kavundans or Goundans branched off from the Vokkaligas and both might have a common origin from the Kuruba.

History

Before 15 the century, they were warriors and territorial kings. In present centuries, Gounders are mostly turned into administrators, chieftains, and polygars. During the British Raj era, some Gounders migrated to Malayan rubber plantations as Kanganis to manage the coolies.

References

1. "Gounder consolidation could pose headache to major parties". The Times of India. 21 May 2009. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012.
2. Singh, Kumar Suresh (2001). People of India. Vol. 40, part 2. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 640. ISBN 9788185938882.:”The community has titles viz. Gowda , Gowdar , Gounder and Kounder.”
3. "Tamil Nadu assembly passes bill for Vanniyar internal quota". Times of India (in Tamil). Retrieved 26 February 2021.
4. Burkhart, Geoffrey (1974). "Equal in the Eyes of God: A South Indian Devotional Group in its Hierarchical Setting". Contributions to Asian Studies. 5. Brill Academic: 8. ISBN 9789004039674. For example, the term 'Gounder' may denote a person of Vettuvar, Vellalar, Vanniyar, or Gollar caste.
5. கவுண்டர்கள் - வாழ்வும் வரலாறும் | Unknown Castes History – About Gounder : Nallasamy Interview, retrieved 23 June 2021
6. Sharma, Shish Ram (2002). Protective Discrimination, Other Backward Classes in India. New Delhi, India: Raj Publications. p. 407. ISBN 9788186208236.
7. வன்னியர்கள் - வாழ்வும் வரலாறும்| Unknown Castes History – About Vanniyar : Aru Annal Interview (in Tamil), retrieved 10 January 2019
8. Madhvan, Karthik (2 August 2008). "Steeped in history". Frontline. Chennai, India: The Hindu Group. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
9. Sadasivan, S. N (2000). A social history of India. New Delhi, India: APH Pub. Corp. p. 254. ISBN 9788176481700.:”In all probability, the Tamil Kavandans or Goundans might have branched off from them and both might be descendants of Kurumbas of yore.”
10. Basu, Raj Sekhar (2011). Nandanar's Children: The Paraiyans' Tryst with Destiny, Tamil Nadu 1850 - 1956. SAGE. p. 137. ISBN 978-81-321-0679-1.

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