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Revision as of 11:58, 26 June 2022 by AntonSamuel (talk | contribs) (Expanding toponymy)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) Place in Lachin, Azerbaijan| Minkend Minkənd (Azerbaijani) | |
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  Minkend | |
| Coordinates: Template:Xb_type:city(86) 39°42′34″N 46°15′14″E / 39.70944°N 46.25389°E / 39.70944; 46.25389 | |
| Country |  Azerbaijan |
| District | Lachin |
| Population | |
| • Total | 86 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (UTC) |
Minkend (Template:Lang-az; Template:Lang-hy) is a village in the Lachin District of Azerbaijan. The village is located on the west bank of the Hakari River and in the northern part of the Lachin District, 320 km from Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan.
Toponymy
Min from the Azerbaijani language is translated as "thousand", while kend derives from old Persian, meaning "village".
According to an Armenian legend, Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur invaded Armenia and destroyed one village after another. Having devastated many villages in Zangezur, he began to count the number of destroyed settlements. After counting to a thousand, Timur said out loud "Min kend" (a thousand villages). Since then, the village has been called "Minkend".
Samvel Karapetyan writes that the name Hak is mentioned as the village's name in the records of the medieval Armenian Orbelian Dynasty, and there is an inscription in the walls of the village's St. Minas Church that reads "this newly baptized holy church was built by the people of Hak in 1675".
History
During the times of the Russian Empire, the village was part of the Zangezur Uyezd of the Elisabethpol Governorate, and had a mixed population of Armenians and Kurds.
The village was badly damaged during the Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–1907. The first attack on the village took place in March 1905, while the second happened from June 5 to 6, during which 50 Armenians were killed. The attacks continued in August when a detachment of Cossacks was sent to protect the Armenians of Minkend, but the police officer of Zangezur, Melik-Aslanov, convinced them that there was no danger for the Armenians. The Cossacks left Minkend to defend another village. When the Cossacks left, the Tatars killed 140 Armenians and wounded another 40 in front of the bailiff, who did not try to stop the killings. The newspaper Syn otechestva (August 1905) reported:
In the village of Minkend, over three hundred souls of all ages were massacred. The insides of Armenian children were thrown to the dogs to eat, the Zangezur bailiff Melik-Aslanov took the Cossacks and an officer away from Minkend, and then admired the massacre, which he did not even deign to report to his superiors.
Soviet and Post-Soviet period
During the Soviet period, the village, together with the eastern part of the former Zangezur uyezd, was part of the Azerbaijan SSR. It was administrated as part of the Kurdistan uyezd from 1923 to 1929 and later as part of the Lachin District. The village was mostly populated by Kurds and Azerbaijanis during this period.
After the independence of Azerbaijan from the USSR, the village was involved in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. Armenian forces captured the village in May 1992 and later integrated it into the Kashatagh Province of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh, where it was renamed Hak (Template:Lang-hy).
Following the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, the village was, along with the surrounding Lachin District, was returned to Azerbaijan on 1 December 2020 as part of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement.
Historical heritage sites
Historical heritage sites in and around the village include a bridge from between the 10th and 19th centuries, a 13th-century khachkar, a cemetery from between the 14th and 20th centuries, and St. Minas Church (Template:Lang-hy) consecrated in 1698.
Population
According to the 1856 publication of the Caucasian Calendar, Minkend was inhabited by Shiite Muslim Kurds, who spoke Kurdish. In 1888, the majority of the village's inhabitants were Armenians, as well as 47 Azerbaijani and 23 Kurdish households. Minkend was indicated to have 506 Armenian and 396 Kurdish residents in the 1897 Russian Empire Census.
According to the 1912 publication of the Caucasian Calendar, 731 people lived in the village, mostly Kurds. However, only 3 years later, the Caucasian Calendar indicated that Minkend is predominantly Armenian, with a population of 1532 people.
According to the "Administrative division of the ASSR" publication in 1933 made by the Department of National Economic Accounting of the Azerbaijan SSR (AzNHU), there were 280 households and 1355 people (688 men and 677 women) in Minkend village council as of 1 January 1933. Of these 1355 people, the majority were Kurds with 58.1%.
According to the data from the late Soviet period, Azerbaijanis and Kurds inhabited Minkend. The Azerbaijani and Kurdish population of the village fled during the First Nagorno-Karabakh when Armenian forces captured the village. It was later reinhabited by Armenian migrants and had a population of 86 in 2015.
Gallery
References
- ^ Hakob Ghahramanyan. "Directory of socio-economic characteristics of NKR administrative-territorial units (2015)".
- ^ Гуриев, Тамерлан Александрович; Никонов, Владимир Андреевич (1980). "Названия курдских селений в Закавказье". Ономастика Кавказа: межвузовский сборник статей [Onomastics of the Caucasus: interuniversity collection of articles] (in Russian). North Ossetian State University. p. 95.
- Ganalanyan, Aram (1979). Армянские предания [Armenian legends] (in Russian). Yerevan: National Academy of Sciences of Armenia. p. 147.
- Samvel Karapetyan (2001). Armenian Cultural Monuments In The Region Of Karabakh (PDF). Research on Armenian Architecture.
- Villari, Luigi (1906). Fire and Sword in the Caucasus. London. pp. 218–219. ISBN 978-1-294-94544-4.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - «Сын отечества» 2 October 1905
- «Сын отечества», 30 August 1905, вечерн. вып.
- "Azerbaijani Forces Enter Third District Under Nagorno-Karabakh Truce". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
- Кавказский календарь на 1856 год [Caucasian calendar for 1856] (in Russian) (11th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1856. p. 365. Archived from the original on 9 December 2021.
- Aristova, Tatyana (1962). "Из истории возникновения современных курдских селений в Закавказье" [From the history of the emergence of modern Kurdish villages in Transcaucasia]. Советская этнография (in Russian) (2). Moscow: АН СССР: 23.
- Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи, 1897, v.63 Елисаветопольская губерния. Н.А.Тройницкий, Saint Petersburg, 1904. p.31
- Кавказский календарь на 1912 год [Caucasian calendar for 1912] (in Russian) (67th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1912. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021.
- Кавказский календарь на 1915 год [Caucasian calendar for 1915] (in Russian) (70th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1915. p. 158. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
- Административное деление АССР [Administrativie division of the AzSSR] (in Russian). Baku: Издание АзУНХУ. 1933. p. 47.
