331 BC - Misplaced Pages

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331 BC in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	331 BC CCCXXXI BC
Ab urbe condita	423
Ancient Egypt era	XXXII dynasty, 2
- Pharaoh	Alexander the Great, 2
Ancient Greek era	112th Olympiad, year 2
Assyrian calendar	4420
Balinese saka calendar	N/A
Bengali calendar	−924 – −923
Berber calendar	620
Buddhist calendar	214
Burmese calendar	−968
Byzantine calendar	5178–5179
Chinese calendar	己丑年 (Earth Ox) 2367 or 2160 — to — 庚寅年 (Metal Tiger) 2368 or 2161
Coptic calendar	−614 – −613
Discordian calendar	836
Ethiopian calendar	−338 – −337
Hebrew calendar	3430–3431
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	−274 – −273
- Shaka Samvat	N/A
- Kali Yuga	2770–2771
Holocene calendar	9670
Iranian calendar	952 BP – 951 BP
Islamic calendar	981 BH – 980 BH
Javanese calendar	N/A
Julian calendar	N/A
Korean calendar	2003
Minguo calendar	2242 before ROC 民前2242年
Nanakshahi calendar	−1798
Thai solar calendar	212–213
Tibetan calendar	阴土牛年 (female Earth-Ox) −204 or −585 or −1357 — to — 阳金虎年 (male Iron-Tiger) −203 or −584 or −1356

Events

Alexander departs from Egypt and leads his forces towards Phoenicia. He leaves Cleomenes of Naucratis as the ruling nomarch to control Egypt.
October 1 - Alexander of Macedonia is victorious in the Battle of Gaugamela (near ancient Ninevah) over the Persian King Darius III. Darius turns his chariot and flees, although his subordinates fight on. Alexander pursues the defeated Persian forces to Arbela, but Darius escapes with his Bactrian cavalry and Greek mercenaries into Media.
Alexander becomes the master of the Persian Empire, ending the Achaemenid dynasty. Babylon and Susa open their gates to him. In the capital, Susa, Alexander gains access to huge treasures amounting to 50,000 gold talents.

While Alexander is fighting in Asia, Agis III of Sparta, profiting from the Macedonian king's absence from Greece, leads some of the Greek cities in a revolt. With Persian money and 8,000 Greek mercenaries, he holds Crete against Macedonian forces. In the Peloponnesus he routes a force under the Macedonian general Coragus and, although Athens stays neutral, he is joined by Elis, Achaea (except Pellene) and Arcadia, with the exception of Megalopolis, the staunchly anti-Spartan capital of Arcadia, which Agis III's forces besiege.

Alexander of Epirus takes Heraclea from the Lucanians, and Terina and Sipontum from the Bruttii.
Tarentum turn against Alexander of Epirus when they realize that he intends to create a kingdom of his own in southern Italy. Alexander is defeated and killed in the Battle of Pandosia on the banks of the Acheron.

The Gallic tribe of the Senones and the Romans conclude a peace and enter upon a period of friendly relations which lasts the rest of the century.