Misplaced Pages

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Amigao (talk | contribs) at 15:40, 3 November 2022 (Reverted 1 edit by 173.212.124.217 (talk) to last revision by Amigao). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

The 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), commonly referred to as Èrshí Dà (Chinese: 二十大), opened in Beijing on 16 October 2022 and closed on 22 October 2022. The CCP Congress endorsed the membership list of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and elected the 20th Central Committee of the CCP. The day after the closing of the Congress, the 1st Plenary Session was held at which the Central Committee approved the membership of the CCP's Politburo and its Standing Committee, the party's most powerful decision-making body.

It will be followed by the 21st National Congress of the CCP in 2027, when General Secretary Xi Jinping will be 74 years old.

Background and preparation

Preparations for the 20th Chinese Communist Party National Congress began in 2021 and ended with a plenary session of the 19th Central Committee, a few days prior to the 20th National Congress. Elections for the delegates of the 20th Chinese Communist Party National Congress started in November 2021, as well as receiving and amending party documents. A total of 2,296 delegates were elected to represent the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s 96.7 million members by 25 September 2022.

In May 2022, the CCP General Office issued a set of regulations warning retired members not to make any ‘negative’ political comments or discussion of the party's policies in the run-up to the 20th National Congress and that violations of the disciplinary rules will be ‘dealt with seriously’.

In September 2022, rumours of a coup spread throughout social media, but were quashed after Xi Jinping appeared days later.

On 15 October 2022, a preparatory meeting of the party congress was presided by CCP general secretary Xi Jinping, which elected the Presidium of the 20th Chinese Communist Party National Congress and the Qualification Review Committee. In the meeting, it was decided that Wang Huning will serve as the secretary-general of the party congress. On the same day, the presidium of the National Congress, chaired by Wang Huning, held its first session.

Protest

On 13 October 2022, three days prior to the opening of the CCP National Congress, the Beijing Sitong Bridge protest took place. Similar protest slogans subsequently appeared as graffiti in other cities in China and via AirDrop.

Opening speech

On the opening day of the congress, Xi gave a speech for around 104 minutes, roughly half of his speech in the 19th Congress. During the speech, he defended China's zero-COVID approach to the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China, said that Hong Kong had "a major transition from chaos to governance", advocated for Taiwan's "peaceful reunification" but vowed to not renounce the use of force, advocated for "common prosperity," and denounced corruption. On China's position on the world stage, he said that "China’s international influence, appeal and power to shape the world has significantly increased". Overall, the speech was said to be showing continuity rather than change.

Revisions to the party constitution

The Congress saw several amendments to the CCP Constitution. The amendments included adding opposition to Taiwan separatism, saying the CCP is the highest force for political leadership, and concepts including Chinese-style modernization, common prosperity, and whole-process people's democracy.

Leadership changes

Politburo Standing Committee

The newly elected members of the 20th Politburo Standing Committee except Xi were, in their orders of precedence:

• Li Qiang (born 1959) – seen as a close ally of Xi, Li has been the Communist Party secretary of Shanghai since 2017 and is expected to succeed Li Keqiang as Chinese premier in 2023. Seen as business-friendly, he nonetheless gained criticism for his handling of the two-month lockdown of Shanghai due to a coronavirus outbreak.
• Zhao Leji (born 1957) – previously the 6th-ranking member of the PSC and secretary of the CCDI, Zhao is expected to succeed Li Zhanshu as the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
• Wang Huning (born 1955) – previously the 5th-ranking member of the PSC and first Secretary of the CCP Secretariat, Wang is expected to succeed Wang Yang as the chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Seen as a close advisor of Xi, he is considered to be behind the ideological concepts of Xi and previous Party general secretaries Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao.
• Cai Qi (born 1955) – serving as the Communist Party secretary of Beijing since 2017, Cai became the first secretary of the CCP Secretariat. He is considered to be a close ally of Xi.
• Ding Xuexiang (born 1962) – serving as the director of the CCP General Office, Ding was effectively Xi's chief of staff since 2017. He is a close ally of Xi and is expected to succeed Han Zheng as the first vice premier.
• Li Xi (born 1956) – serving as the Communist Party secretary of Guangdong since 2017, Li became the secretary of the CCDI, succeeding Zhao Leji. He is considered to have connections to Xi.

Removal of Hu Jintao

At the closing ceremony on 22 October 2022, Hu Jintao, the former General Secretary of the CCP and President of the People's Republic of China preceding Xi, who had been sitting next to Xi, was "inexplicably" pulled from his seat and escorted out of the hall by two men in suits and with name badges. According to Agence France-Presse journalists, Hu "initially seemed reluctant to leave." Xi Jinping appeared wholly unconcerned but Li Zhanshu and Wang Huning, both sitting to Hu's left, appeared visibly concerned. Li Zhanshu attempted to help him until being pulled back by Wang Huning. Hu nudged and whispered to Xi, and gave a pat on the back of Premier Li Keqiang before being led away.

This incident occurred before the congressional voting on the report of the 19th Central Committee, the work report of the 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, and an amendment to the Party Constitution. Hu was absent from the voting due to this incident. Subsequent official voting results showed that all proposals passed unanimously with no abstentions or negative votes. The 20th Central Committee was also elected on the same day; Xi Jinping and Wang Huning were among the members of the new Central Committee while Li Keqiang, Li Zhanshu and Wang Yang were not.

Xinhua News Agency, China's official press agency, stated on Twitter that "When was not feeling well during the session, his staff, for his health, accompanied him to a room next to the meeting venue for a rest. Now, he is much better."

Subsequent footage released on 25 October by Channel News Asia captures an apparent argument about official papers between Hu and Li Zhanshu before Xi requested for his removal. The incident was not broadcast in China and both Hu's and Hu's son's names were blocked by Chinese censors.

Commentary

James Palmer, a deputy editor at Foreign Policy, interpreted the incident to have been political, suggesting that it could have been Xi's intention to "deliberately and publicly humiliate his predecessor." Xi had been harshly critical in his previous speeches, where he spoke of "the problem that the party's leadership had been weakened, blurred, diluted, and marginalized" (Chinese: "党的领导弱化、虚化、淡化、边缘化问题") before his leadership. The Economist said that while it is possible the act was deliberate, it was more likely that Hu was not feeling well, saying that the event "looked consistent with a sudden episode of mental confusion". Jude Blanchette, an expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said that the event "didn’t have the stage-managed feel of an orchestrated purge", while Bill Bishop, a China expert, noted that the China Central Television would likely not show Hu during the news footage of the event if he was purged.

Reaction

Taiwan

Shortly after Xi Jinping's opening speech in which he stated that the People's Republic of China would never renounce the option of conducting military operations against Taiwan, the Office of the President of Taiwan issued a statement in which it said it would not compromise on either its sovereignty or democracy.

Stock markets

Stocks related to Chinese corporations suffered high losses on October 24, with the Hang Seng Index falling 6%, its worst daily decline since the 2008 financial crisis. The Shanghai Stock Exchange only declined by 2% after the meeting. The renminbi also nearly fell to a ratio of 7.31 to the dollar. The Golden Dragon China Index, an index of multiple Chinese companies listed on American exchanges, fell 14% in its worst daily drop since 2004, before partially rebounding a day later.

See also

• Xi Jinping Administration
• Succession of power in China

References

1. "CPC initiates election process for delegates to 20th national congress". Xinhua. 18 November 2021. Archived from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
2. "中共中央发出通知部署党的二十大代表选举工作". People's Daily (in Simplified Chinese). 19 November 2021. Archived from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
3. Kenderdine, Tristan. "China Looks Ahead to 20th Party Congress in 2022". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 6 August 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
4. "CCP formally starts selection process for delegates to next year's congress". South China Morning Post. 19 November 2021. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
5. "出席中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会代表全部选出_中国政库_澎湃新闻". The Paper (newspaper) (in Chinese). Shanghai United Media Group. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
6. "Retired Chinese cadres warned not to make 'negative' comments". South China Morning Post. 17 May 2022.
7. "China's Xi reemerges after trip abroad quashing unfounded 'coup' rumors". CNN. 28 September 2022.
8. "(CPC Congress) Xi presides over preparatory meeting for 20th CPC National Congress". Xinhua. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
9. "(CPC Congress) Presidium of 20th CPC National Congress holds first meeting". Xinhua. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
10. Kang, Dake (13 October 2022). "China quashes social media about protest banners in Beijing". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
11. Wakabayashi, Daisuke; Fu, Claire (14 October 2022). "China's Internet Censors Race to Quell Beijing Protest Chatter". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
12. "Anti-Xi Slogans in Rare Beijing Protest Spread Within China". Bloomberg News. 18 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
13. Cheung, Rachel (19 October 2022). "Anti-Xi Jinping Posters Are Spreading in China via AirDrop". Vice News. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
14. Wong, Chun Han. "China's Xi Jinping Stakes Out Ambitions, With Himself at the Center". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
15. "Presidium of 20th CPC National Congress holds its first meeting Xi Jinping delivers speech". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
16. "Xi Jinping's vision for China's next five years: key takeaways from his speech". The Guardian. 16 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
17. "Xi signals continuity in his China Communist Party congress speech". NPR. 16 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
18. "Full text of Constitution of Communist Party of China". Xinhua. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
19. Reuters (22 October 2022). "Factbox: China's Communist Party amends its charter, strengthens Xi's power". Reuters. Retrieved 24 October 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
20. "(CPC Congress) Full text of resolution on Party Constitution amendment-Xinhua". Xinhua. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
21. "Politburo Standing Committee: Who are the men who rule China now?". BBC News. 23 October 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
22. Graham-Harrison, Emma; Davidson, Helen (22 October 2022). "Former Chinese president Hu Jintao unexpectedly led out of party congress". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
23. Reuters (22 October 2022). "Hu Jintao escorted out of China party congress". Reuters. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
24. Areddy, James T. "Hu Jintao's Exit from China's Party Congress Causes a Stir". WSJ. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
25. Ramirez, Laurie; Chen, Leo (22 October 2022). "Former Chinese President Hu Removed From Congress". Barron's. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
26. Agence France-Presse (22 October 2022). "Former Chinese president Hu Jintao was led out of the Communist Party Congress. He looked reluctant to leave". SBS News. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
27. "Hu Jintao: ex-president escorted out of China party congress". BBC News. 22 October 2022. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
28. "二十大闭幕 大会表决通过中委中纪委报告及党章修正案 - RTHK". Radio Television Hong Kong (in Chinese). 22 October 2022. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
29. 李, 宗芳 (22 October 2022). "影/中共20大/閉幕表決胡錦濤中場離席 依舊不見江澤民出席 | 中天新聞網". CTi News. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
30. "中共二十大 通過十九屆中央委員會報告決議". Oriental Daily News (in Chinese). 22 October 2022. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
31. "第二十届中央委员会和中央纪律检查委员会已经党的第二十次全国代表大会选举产生_滚动新闻_中国政府网". www.gov.cn. 22 October 2022. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
32. "中国共产党第二十届中央委员会委员名单--中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会专题报道--人民网". cpc.people.com.cn. 22 October 2022. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
33. Cheng, Evelyn. "China shuffles leadership committee and retains many Xi allies". CNBC. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
34. Xinhua News Agency (22 October 2022). "China Xinhua News on Twitter: "Xinhuanet reporter Liu Jiawen..."". Twitter. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
35. McDonell, Stephen (22 October 2022). "Hu Jintao: The mysterious exit of China's former leader from party congress". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
36. "Hu Jintao argued about official papers before being escorted out of congress". the Guardian. 25 October 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
37. ^ Palmer, James (22 October 2022). "What the Hell Just Happened to Hu Jintao?". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
38. "毫不动摇坚持和加强党的全面领导（学习习近平总书记重要讲话精神，迎接党的二十大）--党建-中国共产党新闻网". dangjian.people.com.cn. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
39. "中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议（全文）_中央有关文件_中国政府网". www.gov.cn. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
40. "Xi Jinping has surrounded himself with loyalists". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
41. Areddy, James T. "Hu Jintao's Exit From China's Communist Party Congress Causes a Stir". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
42. "Was Hu Jintao's removal from China's 20th party congress suspicious or not?". The Guardian. 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
43. "Taiwan says it will not back down on its sovereignty". Reuters. 16 October 2022. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
44. Tian, Yew Lun; Blanchard, Ben (16 October 2022). "China will never renounce right to use force over Taiwan, Xi says". Reuters. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
45. He, Laura (26 October 2022), Hong Kong stocks plunge 6% as fears about Xi's third term trump China GDP data, CNN (published 25 October 2022)
46. ^ Tucker, Hank. "President Xi's Tightening Grip On China Could Boost Some Chinese Stocks". Forbes. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
47. Iyer, Archishma (26 October 2022), EMERGING MARKETS-Asian currencies mixed in thin trading, Chinese yuan falls most, Reuters (published 24 October 2022)
48. Chan, Michelle (26 October 2022), U.S.-Listed Chinese Stocks Post Biggest Daily Drop Since 2004, Wall Street Journal (published 24 October 2022)

External links

• Full Transcript in English of President Xi Jinping's report to China's 2022 party congress

v t e National meetings of the Chinese Communist Party
National Congress	Convocations 1st (1921) 2nd (1922) 3rd (1923) 4th (1925) 5th (1927) 6th (1928) 7th (1945) 8th (1956) 9th (1969) 10th (1973) 11th (1977) 12th (1982) 13th (1987) 14th (1992) 15th (1997) 16th (2002) 17th (2007) 18th (2012) 19th (2017) 20th (2022) Presidium 3rd (1923) 4th (1925) 5th (1927) 6th (1928) 7th (1945) 8th (1956) 9th (1969) 10th (1973) 11th (1977) 12th (1982) 13th (1987) 14th (1992) 15th (1997) 16th (2002) 17th (2007) 18th (2012) 19th (2017) 20th (2022) Qualification Review Committee 3rd (1923) 4th (1925) 5th (1927) 6th (1928) 7th (1945) 8th (1956) 9th (1969) 10th (1973) 11th (1977) 12th (1982) 13th (1987) 14th (1992) 15th (1997) 16th (2002) 17th (2007) 18th (2012) 19th (2017) 20th (2022)
Delegates Assembly	1st (1937) 2nd (1955) 3rd (1985)
Notable Politburo & Central Committee plenums	Gutian Congress (1929) Ningdu Conference (1932) Zunyi Conference (1935) Lushan Conference (1959) 2nd Plenum, 9th CC (1970) 3rd Plenum, 11th CC (1978) 6th Plenum, 11th CC (1981) 4th Plenum, 13th CC (1989) 3rd Plenum, 18th CC (2013) 4th Plenum, 18th CC (2014) 3rd Plenum, 19th CC (2018) 6th Plenum, 19th CC (2021) 1st Plenum, 20th CC (2022) 2nd Plenum, 20th CC (2023) 3rd Plenum, 20th CC (2024)
Recurring	Central Economic Work Conference Central Financial Work Conference

v t e Xi Jinping
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party President of China Chairman of the Central Military Commission
Policies and theories	China under Xi Jinping paramount leader leadership core Li Qiang Government (2023–present) Xi Jinping–Li Keqiang Administration Li Keqiang Government (2013–2023) Li Keqiang Xi Jinping Thought Culture Diplomacy Clear waters and green mountains Chinese Dream Chinese-style modernization Common prosperity Document Number Nine Dual circulation Eight Musts Eight-point Regulation Four Comprehensives Four Confidences Great changes unseen in a century New productive forces Party media takes the party's last name Holistic security concept Three Stricts and Three Honests Historical resolution Two Centenaries Two Establishes and Two Upholds Whole-process people's democracy
Events	First term 2012 election as Party general secretary Anti-corruption campaign Wang Qishan (2012–2017) World Internet Conference 709 crackdown Toilet Revolution in China 2015 China Victory Day Parade Ma–Xi meeting Xi–Chu Summit Second term 2017 reelection as Party general secretary Persecution of Uyghurs in China Xinjiang internment camps China–United States trade war 2019–20 Hong Kong protests 2019 China 70th National Day grand parade COVID-19 pandemic Response 100th Anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party 2020 Inner Mongolia protests 2020-2021 Xi Jinping Administration reform spree 2022 Winter Olympics 2022 Hong Kong visit Third term 2022 2nd reelection as Party general secretary
Diplomacy	Policies Belt and Road Initiative 2017 BRI Forum Community of Common Destiny Global Development Initiative Global Security Initiative Wolf warrior diplomacy China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine Meetings and trips 2013 Russia, Tanzania, South Africa, Congo visit 2015 Pakistan visit 2015 United States visit 2015 United Kingdom visit 2017 Vietnam and Laos visit Kim–Xi meetings 2019 Italy and France visit CPC and World Political Parties Summit 2022 Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan visit 2022 China-Arab States Summit 2023 Russia visit China-Central Asia Summit 2023 Vietnam visit 2024 France, Serbia, Hungary visit 2024 Kazakhstan and Tajikistan visit 2024 Peru and Brazil visit
Works	General Secretary Xi Jinping important speech series The Governance of China The Hopes of President Xi Zhijiang Xinyu
Family	Xi Zhongxun (father) Qi Xin (mother) Ke Lingling (1st wife) Peng Liyuan (2nd wife) Qi Qiaoqiao (sister) Xi Yuanping (brother) Xi Mingze (daughter)
Related	Amazing China Accelerator-in-Chief Awards Censorship of Winnie-the-Pooh Cult of personality Panama Papers (Deng Jiagui) New Zhijiang Army Open Letter asking Xi Jinping to Resign Rhyzodiastes xii General Secretary Xi Jinping's Kindness We Never Forget Xuexi Qiangguo
Category:Xi Jinping

• National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
• 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
• 2022 elections in China
• 2022 conferences
• October 2022 events in China
• Xi Jinping