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The Masmuda (Berber: ⵉⵎⵙⵎⵓⴷⵏ Imasmuden, Template:Lang-ar) are one of the largest Berber (Amazigh) tribal confederation in Morocco and the Maghreb, along with the Zenata and the Sanhaja. Today, the Masmuda confederacy largely corresponds to the speakers of the Chelha (Tachelhit) Berber variety, whereas other clans, such as Regraga have adopted Arabic.

History

The Masmuda settled large parts of Morocco, and were largely sedentary and practised agriculture. The residence of the Masmuda aristocracy was Aghmat in the High Atlas mountains. From the 10th century the Berber tribes of the Sanhaja and Zanata groups invaded the lands of the Masmuda, followed from the 12th century onwards by Arab Bedouins (see Banu Hilal).

Ibn Tumart united the Masmuda tribes at the beginning of the 12th century and founded the Almohad movement, which subsequently unified the whole of the Maghreb and Andalusia. After the downfall of the Almohads, however, the particularism of the Masmuda peoples prevailed once more, as a result of which they lost their political significance.

Sub-tribes

The author of the book "Mafakhir al-Barbar" (roughly translates as: The prides of the Berbers), cites the sub-tribes of the Masmuda as follows:

Chleuh

• Ait Erkha
• Ait Magus (Beni Magus)
• Ghlawa
• Guedmiwa
• Haha
  • Ait Aissi
  • Ait Tamer
  • Ait Zelten
  • Ida Kazzou
  • Ida Ou Bouzia
  • Ida Ou Guelloul
  • Ida Ou Gourd
  • Ida Ou Issaren
  • Ida Ou Thgoumma
  • Ida Ou Zemzem
  • Imgard
  • Neknafa
• Hintata
  • Ait Galga'iya
  • Ait Lamazdur
  • Ait Tagurtant
  • Ait Taklawwuhtin
  • Ait Talwuhrit
  • Ait Tumsidin
  • Ait Wawazgit
  • Ait Yigaz
  • Mazala
• Henfisa
• Hezerga
• Hezmira
• Ida Ou Tanane
  • Ait Tinkirt
  • Ait Ouzzoun
  • Ifsfaten
• Ksima
• Mesfouia
• Mtouga
• Mzouda
• Ourika
• Regraga
• Saksaoua
• Sektana
• Tehlawa

References

1. Múrcia, Carles; Sànchez, Carles Múrcia (2021). Gramàtica amaziga: Estàndard del diasistema amazic septentrional. ISBN 9788491686583.
2. Nelson, Harold D. (1985). Morocco, a country study. Area handbook series. Washington, D.C.: The American University. p. 14.
3. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vz7z5cm
4. Nelson 19-20
5. Unknown author (1312). كتاب مفاخر البربر. Hassan II university of Casablanca. p. 172. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
6. https://www.reddit.com/r/MapPorn/comments/nwn7vl/map_of_tribal_affiliations_in_morocco/

See also

• Banu Dānis (Masmuda clan in al-Andalus)
• Hintata

• Masmuda
• Berber peoples and tribes
• Ethnic groups in Morocco
• Moroccan tribes
• Berbers in Morocco
• Former confederations