This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Freelancer212 (talk | contribs) at 18:25, 20 March 2023 (I have added and sorted all tribes. I did this on the collective names Chleuh, Jebala, and Ghomara. Each collective name has a source that mentions the tribes. I also added the subtribes of the Hintata and Haha tribes with a source for both.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.
Revision as of 18:25, 20 March 2023 by Freelancer212 (talk | contribs) (I have added and sorted all tribes. I did this on the collective names Chleuh, Jebala, and Ghomara. Each collective name has a source that mentions the tribes. I also added the subtribes of the Hintata and Haha tribes with a source for both.)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) For the town and commune, see Masmouda, Morocco.| Masmuda | |
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| Group of Berber tribes. | |
| Ethnicity | Berber |
| Location | • Morocco |
| Branches | Chleuh, Berghouata, Ghomara, Jebala. |
| Language | Chelha (Berber language) |
| Religion | • Islam (predominantly) |
| Part of a series on the |
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| History of Morocco |
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| Prehistory |
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Classical to Late Antiquity (8th century BC – 7th century AD) |
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Early Islamic (8th–10th century AD) |
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Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th century AD) |
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Empire (beginning 11th century AD) other political entities |
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Decline (beginning 19th century AD) |
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Protectorate (1912–56) |
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Modern (1956–present) |
Related topics
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The Masmuda (Template:Lang-ar, Berber: ⵉⵎⵙⵎⵓⴷⵏ) is a Berber tribal confederation of Morocco and one of the largest in the Maghreb, along with the Zenata and the Sanhaja. They were composed of several sub-tribes: Berghouatas, Ghomaras (Ghomarids), Hintatas (Hafsids), Tin Malel, Hergha, Genfisa, Seksiwa, Gedmiwa, Hezerdja, Urika, Guerouanes, Bni M'tir, Hezmira, Regraga, Haha les Banou Maghus, Gilawa and others. Today, the Masmuda confederacy largely corresponds to the speakers of the Shilha (Tachelhit) Berber variety, whereas other clans, such as Regraga have adopted Arabic.
History
The Masmuda settled large parts of Morocco, and were largely sedentary and practised agriculture. The residence of the Masmuda aristocracy was Aghmat in the High Atlas mountains. From the 10th century the Berber tribes of the Sanhaja and Zanata groups invaded the lands of the Masmuda, followed from the 12th century onwards by Arab Bedouins (see Banu Hilal).
Ibn Tumart united the Masmuda tribes at the beginning of the 12th century and founded the Almohad movement, which subsequently unified the whole of the Maghreb and Andalusia. After the downfall of the Almohads, however, the particularism of the Masmuda peoples prevailed once more, as a result of which they lost their political significance.
Sub-tribes
The anonymous author of the Kitāb Mafāk̲h̲ir al-Barbar (roughly translates as "The Book of the Glories of the Berbers"), a work compiled in 1312, cites the sub-tribes of the Masmuda as follows:
- Ait Erkha
- Ait Magus (Beni Magus)
- Ghlawa
- Guedmiwa
- Haha
- Ait Aissi
- Ait Tamer
- Ait Zelten
- Ida Kazzou
- Ida Ou Bouzia
- Ida Ou Guelloul
- Ida Ou Gourd
- Ida Ou Issaren
- Ida Ou Thgoumma
- Ida Ou Zemzem
- Imgard
- Neknafa
- Hintata
- Ait Galga'iya
- Ait Lamazdur
- Ait Tagurtant
- Ait Taklawwuhtin
- Ait Talwuhrit
- Ait Tumsidin
- Ait Wawazgit
- Ait Yigaz
- Mazala
- Henfisa
- Hezerga
- Hezmira
- Ida Ou Tanane
- Ait Tinkirt
- Ait Ouzzoun
- Ifsfaten
- Ksima
- Mesfouia
- Mtouga
- Mzouda
- Ourika
- Regraga
- Saksaoua
- Sektana
- Tehlawa
- Ait Bouzra
- Ait Grir
- Ait Khaled
- Ait Mansour
- Ait Rezin
- Ait Selman
- Ait Smih
- Ait Zejel
- Ait Ziat
- Ait Ahmed
- Ait Arous
- Ait Hassan
- Ait Huzmar
- Ait Ider
- Ait Yisef
- Ait Zekar
- Al-Ahkmas
- Al-Huz
- Anjrah
- Ghezawa
- Masmouda
- Metiwa
- Sumata
- Wadras
References
- Múrcia, Carles; Sànchez, Carles Múrcia (2021). Gramàtica amaziga: Estàndard del diasistema amazic septentrional. ISBN 9788491686583.
- Nelson, Harold D. (1985). Morocco, a country study. Area handbook series. Washington, D.C.: The American University. p. 14.
- Nelson 19-20
- Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P., eds. (2012). "Kitāb Mafāk̲h̲ir al-Barbar". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition (online ed.). Brill. ISBN 9789004161214.
- unknown (2005) . مفاخر البربر [The Glories of the Berbers] (in Arabic). Morocco: دار أبي رقراق للطباعة والنشر. p. 172. ISBN 978-9954-423-46-2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - M'haned Aït El-Haj, حاحا (Ḥāḥḥā), dans معلمة المغرب (Encyclopédie du Maroc), Tome X (1998), p. 3264.
- ^ Article (] | ] | ] | ] | ] | | | logs | views). Cite error: The named reference "EB" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- Fromherz, Allen J. (2010). The Almohads: The Rise of an Islamic Empire. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 9781780764054.
- A. Zouggari & J. Vignet-Zunz, « Jbala: Histoire et société », in: Sciences Humaines, (1991) (ISBN 2-222-04574-6)
See also
- Banu Dānis (Masmuda clan in al-Andalus)
- Hintata
| Berber tribes of Morocco | |
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| Tribal confederation | |
| Tribes | |
| Demographics of Morocco | |
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| Berbers | |
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| Ancient | |
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