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| Nukupuʻu | |
|---|---|
| |
| Maui nukupuʻu (Hemignathus affinis) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Fringillidae |
| Subfamily: | Carduelinae |
| Genus: | Hemignathus (partim) |
The nukupuʻu are a group of extinct (or critically endangered) species Hawaiian honeycreepers in the subfamily Carduelinae of the family Fringillidae. The nukupuʻu, together with the surviving ʻakiapōlāʻau, form the genus Hemignathus.
Description
Males have yellow underparts and head. The upperparts are duller, darker and greenish. Females are overall duller, with most of the underparts whitish. The lores, eye-ring and long decurved bill are blackish. It is 5.5 inches (14 cm) long.
Their habitat was dense mesic and wet forest of ʻōhiʻa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) and koa (Acacia koa) at altitudes of 3,300–6,600 feet (1,000–2,000 m).
The timing of their extinction is controversial. The last confirmed sightings of the Maui nukupuʻu and Kauaʻi nukupuʻu were in the 1890s, although unconfirmed sightings continued until the 1990s. The Oʻahu nukupuʻu disappeared in the 1800s, and the giant nukupuʻu is only known from fossils.
Species
- Maui nukupuʻu (Hemignathus affinis) — critically endangered or extinct, debated 1896 or 1990s (Maui)
- Kauaʻi nukupuʻu (Hemignathus hanapepe) — critically endangered or extinct, debated 1899 or 1990s (Kauaʻi)
- Oʻahu nukupuʻu (Hemignathus lucidus) — extinct, 1800s (Oʻahu)
- Giant nukupuʻu, Hemignathus vorpalis — extinct, Holocene (island of Hawaiʻi)
References
- BirdLife International (2016). "Hemignathus affinis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T103823664A104234257. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103823664A104234257.en. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
- BirdLife International (2018). "Hemignathus hanapepe". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T103823616A125584125. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T103823616A125584125.en. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
- BirdLife International (2020). "Hemignathus lucidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T103823595A181392751. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T103823595A181392751.en. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
- James, Helen F., & Olson, Storrs L. (2003). A giant new species of nukupuu (Fringillidae: Drepanidini: Hemignathus) from the island of Hawaii. The Auk. 120(4): 970–981.
External links
- Species factsheet - BirdLife International
- 3D view of specimen RMNH 110.002 at Naturalis, Leiden (requires QuickTime browser plugin)
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