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Afsharid
Seal of Nader Shah
Afsharid flag under Nader Shah
Parent family	Afshar tribe
Country	Afsharid Iran
Place of origin	Greater Khorasan, Iran
Founded	1736
Founder	Nader Shah
Final ruler	Shahrokh Shah
Final head	Nader Mirza Afshar
Titles	Shah of Iran
Traditions	Shia Islam (Twelver)
Deposition	1796

The Afsharid dynasty (Template:Lang-fa) was an Iranian dynasty founded by Nader Shah (r. 1736–1747) of the Qirqlu clan of the Turkoman Afshar tribe.

Early Origins

The origins of the Afsharid Dynasty of Iran can be traced back to the Afshar tribe, a Turkic-speaking ethnic group originally from Central Asia. The Afshars migrated to the eastern parts of Persia in the late 17th century, during a time when the Safavid Empire was experiencing internal strife and external threats. The Afshars gradually established themselves as a significant military force within the region.

Nadir Shah and the Rise of the Afsharid

The pivotal figure in the rise of the Afsharid Dynasty of Iran was Nadir Shah Afshar, an ambitious military commander born into a humble background. Nadir Shah emerged as a prominent leader in the power vacuum that followed the collapse of the Safavid Empire. His military prowess and strategic acumen allowed him to unite various tribal and ethnic groups under the banner of the Afshar tribe.

In 1736, Nadir Shah deposed the last Safavid ruler, Shah Sultan Husayn, and declared himself the Shah of Persia, marking the formal establishment of the Afsharid Dynasty of Iran. Nadir Shah's reign was marked by military conquests and territorial expansion. He successfully restored Persian sovereignty over parts of the Caucasus, Central Asia, and northern India. His military campaigns brought immense wealth to Iran, which further solidified his rule.

Cultural and Economic Achievements

During Nadir Shah's rule, the Afsharid Dynasty of Iran experienced a revival of Persian arts and culture. The court patronized poets, scholars, and artists, contributing to the flourishing of Persian literature and architecture. Additionally, Nadir Shah's policies aimed at economic development and administrative reforms helped stabilize the empire's finances and governance.

The Downfall and Legacy

Despite his initial successes, Nader Shah's rule eventually faced challenges. His centralization of power, harsh treatment of local elites, and military campaigns stretched the empire's resources and led to discontent among various groups. In 1747, Nader Shah was assassinated, leading to a period of instability and power struggles within the Afsharid Dynasty of Iran.

After Nader Shah's death, his empire quickly disintegrated. Various regional leaders vied for control, and by 1749, a power struggle resulted in the fragmentation of the Iranian state into smaller kingdoms. The Qajar dynasty of Iran, founded by Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, emerged as a dominant force, eventually leading to the downfall of the Afsharid Dynasty in 1796.

Legacy and Impact

The Afsharid Dynasty's of Iran legacy is complex and multifaceted. While their rule was relatively short-lived, they played a crucial role in shaping the political and cultural landscape of Persia. The dynasty's emphasis on military strength and territorial expansion, as well as its efforts to revitalize Persian culture, left a lasting impact on subsequent Iranian dynasties. The Afsharid period also marked a transition between the Safavid and Qajar eras, reflecting broader shifts in regional power dynamics and governance structures.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).</ref>

The Afsharid Dynasty of Iran emerged from humble origins to become a formidable force in the aftermath of the Safavid Empire's decline. Led by Nadir Shah, the dynasty achieved remarkable military conquests and cultural achievements. However, internal challenges and external pressures ultimately led to its downfall, paving the way for the rise of the Qajar dynasty. The Afsharids' influence on Iran's history, culture, and politics continues to be studied and appreciated as a pivotal chapter in the nation's evolution.

List of Afsharid monarchs

No.	Shah	Portrait	Reigned from	Reigned until	Time in office	Seal	Coinage
1	Nader Shah		8 March 1736	20 June 1747	11 years, 104 days
2	Adel Shah		6 July 1747	1 October 1748	1 year, 87 days	—
3	Shahrokh Shah	—	1 October 1748	January 1750	1 year, 92 days	—
4	Ebrahim Afshar	—	8 December 1748	1749		—

Family tree

References

1. ^ Tucker 2012.
2. Stöber 2010.
3. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nadir-Shah
4. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nadir-Shah
5. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nadir-Shah
6. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nadir-Shah
7. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nadir-Shah

Sources

• Amanat, Abbas (1997). Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896. I. B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1845118280.
• Amanat, Abbas (2017). Iran: A Modern History. Yale University Press. pp. 1–992. ISBN 978-0300112542.
• Axworthy, Michael (2006). The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from Tribal Warrior to Conquering Tyrant. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1850437062.
• Fisher, William Bayne; Avery, P.; Hambly, G. R. G; Melville, C. (1991). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 7. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521200954.
• Bulookbashi, Ali A.; Negahban, Farzin (2008). "Afshār". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.). Encyclopaedia Islamica Online. Brill Online. ISSN 1875-9831.
• Oberling, P. (1984). "AFŠĀR". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. I/6: Afghanistan–Ahriman. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 582–586. ISBN 978-0-71009-095-9.
• Stöber, Georg (2010). "Afshār". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
• Tucker, Ernest (2012). "Afshārids". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.

• Afsharid dynasty
• Iranian Muslim dynasties
• Middle Eastern dynasties
• Shia dynasties
• 1730s in Iran
• 1740s in Iran
• 1750s in Iran
• 1760s in Iran
• 1770s in Iran
• 1780s in Iran
• 1790s in Iran
• 1800s in Iran