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Khazaria

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Khazaria was the country of the Khazars, neighboring the Byzantine Empire in the southwest, Kievan Rus' in the northwest, and Azerbaijan in the southeast. As an independent state, Khazaria existed between about 652 and 1016. Its first khagan (supreme ruler) was named Irbis. Its last khagan was named George Tsul. Much of Khazaria was covered by steppe land. Khazaria bordered the Caspian Sea and Black Sea. The Volga River passed through eastern Khazaria.

Major cities of Khazaria included:

Along the Caspian coast and Volga delta --
Atil
Khazaran
Samandar
In the Caucasus --
Balanjar
Sambalut
Samiran
Sarir
Maghas (Alan capital)
Sukhumi (Abkhazian capital)
In the Crimea and Taman region --
Kerch (also called Bospor)
Feodosia
Mangup (also called Doros)
Samkarsh (also called Tmutorokan, Tamatarkha)
Sudak (also called Sugdaia)
In the Don valley --
Sarkel
In the Dnieper valley --
Kiev

Related Articles

This article is part of History of Russia.


External links:

Bibliography of Khazar Studies, 1901-Present http://www.khazaria.com/khazar-biblio/toc.html