History of the Jews in Kizlyar

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Kizlyar Jews
יהודי קיזליאר
Кизлярские евреи
Total population

5-10
Languages
Hebrew (in Israel), Judeo-Tat, Russian
Religion
Judaism
Related ethnic groups
Mountain Jews, Ashkenazi Jews.

The Jewish community of Kizlyar are Jews who have ever lived on the territory of modern Kizlyar, a city in the Russian Republic of Dagestan. Jews have lived in the city of Kizlyar since the times of the Russian Empire.

History

Russian empire

In 1869, 35 Jews lived in Kizlyar.
In 1910, 173 Jews lived in Kizlyar, which was 1.6% of the total population.
At the end of the 19th century, there was one synagogue in Kizlyar.
In 1901, the first Zionist circle was organized. There was a cheder.
Before the October Revolution, there was a synagogue on Jewish Street (now Frunze Street). The area around the synagogue was called the Jewish quota. Mostly Mountain Jews lived there. There was no separate synagogue for Ashkenazi Jews; they went to the Mountain Jewish synagogue.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Rabbi Meir Hanukaevich Rafailov (?–1951) opened a “Mountain Jewish” school in the city of Kizlyar, where, along with secular subjects (mathematics, Russian and Judeo-Tat, etc.), they taught Hebrew and studied the Torah.
In 1913, Jews owned 6 shops and stores in the city of Kizlyar (including the only jewelry store).

Soviet period

During the Russian Civil War, Jewish refugees from neighboring villages arrived in Kizlyar. During this period, many Jews had their land requisitioned.
In 1926, 319 Jews lived in Kizlyar, including 62 of Mountain Jews.
In 1927, a plot of 7 thousand dessiatins of land was allocated in the Kizlyarsky District for Mountain Jewish farmers.
During the Soviet period, schools and reading izbas for Mountain Jews were opened in the Kizlyarsky district.
43 Jewish families from Kizlyar moved to the allocated land plots.
In 1930, in the Kizlyarsky district, the Jewish settlements Larinskoye and Kalinino were closed due to its unviability.
From 1928 to 1931, OZET and KOMZET branches operated in Kizlyar.
In 1939, 232 Jews lived in Kizlyar.
In 1959, 330 Jews lived in Kizlyar.
Until the 1990s, there were about 2,000 Jews lived in Kizlyar. Approximately 70 percent were Mountain Jews and 30 percent were Ashkenazi. The community rented a space in the city's House of Culture, two rooms: a large one for club meetings and celebrations, and a small one for an office. The Jewish community opened a Family Club that used to meet every week. They regularly met there on Shabbat and Jewish holidays.
In the 1990s, “lawlessness” began in the city of Kizlyar, racketeers took away houses and businesses from Jews, evicted Jews from the city. They threatened and forced Jews to leave. Some had Molotov cocktails thrown into their homes.
In the 1990s, there was a large outflow of Jews due to the Chechen War. Jews left for Israel and to other regions of Russia.

Russian Federation

On May 6, 2005, the Orthodox Judaism company "Jewish Community of Kizlyar" was registered in Kizlyar.
In 2007, the Jewish community of the city of Kizlyar numbered 120–140 people.