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Alleged differences in races have led to the creation of sexual myths. A study reported that "there is no scientific background to support the alleged 'oversized' penis in black people".

A 2015 systematic review of 15,521 men from 20 studies found "no indications of differences in racial variability.

According to Aaron Spitz, a urologist, many websites and studies promoting variation of penis size between races use unscientific means of collecting information and often ignore contradictory evidence. He concludes that "when you really take a good look at the naked data, there's not a whole lot there ."

A study of 253 men from Tanzania found the average stretched flaccid penis length of 93 Tanzanian men of 11.5 cm (4.5 in).

A 2007 study of 115 men from Nigeria found the average stretched penis length of 13.37 cm (5.26 in), and the median stretched penis length of 13 cm (5.1 in).

A 1990 study of 109 Chinese men identified the average flaccid stretched penis length of 13.9 cm (5.5 in), and among 14 of the men, the average erect length found was 13.7 cm (5.4 in). Another 1993 study of 104 Chinese men found the average stretched penis length of 13.8 cm (5.4 in), and an average erect length of 13.5 cm (5.3 in). A 2014 study on 5196 Chinese men found an average stretched length of 12.9 cm (5.1 in) under the method of "gentle painless extension of the penis", which differs from previous studies that stretch until maximal extension. A subgroup of 311 men reported an average erect circumference of 10.5 cm (4.1 in) and average erect length of 12.9 cm (5.1 in).

A study (published in 2021) of 14,597 Vietnamese men identified an average flaccid penis length of 9.03 cm (3.56 in) and an average stretched penis length of 14.67 cm (5.78 in) as well as an average non-aroused circumference, at the mid-shaft, of 8.39 cm (3.30 in).

A 1971 study of 702 Korean men aged 21 to 31 found the average erect penis length to be 12.7 cm (5.0 in) and the average non-erect length 8.0 cm (3.1 in). A 1998 study of 150 Korean men found the average flaccid penis length to be 8.26 cm (3.25 in), the average flaccid girth 8.34 cm (3.28 in), the average erect length 13.42 cm (5.28 in), and the average erect girth 11.17 cm (4.40 in). In a 1998 study conducted at Seoul National University College of Medicine, which involved a sample of 287 Korean men, the average erect penis length was measured at 14.06 cm (5.54 in), and the average erect penis girth was 12.11 cm (4.77 in). A 2016 study of 248 Korean men identified the average flaccid penis length to be 7.39 cm (2.91 in) and the average erect penis length to be 13.53 cm (5.33 in).

A 1975 study conducted at Morrisania Hospital in the United States reported an average erect penis length of 13.3 cm (5.2 in) based on a sample of 150 American males. A 2014 study from Indiana University measured 14.15 cm (5.57 in) in erect length and 12.31 cm (4.85 in) in erect girth among 1,661 American males (83% White, 9% Asian, 8% Other). A 2018 study by the University of California, Irvine, reported an average erect penis length of 13.73 cm (5.41 in) based on a sample of 274 American males (43% White, 31% Black, 1% Other).

Rumors about the penis size of Congolese men are often exaggerated and lack scientific reliability. According to research, there are significant issues with the accuracy of information disseminated on this topic. Most information sources, including radio and television broadcasts, failed to provide measurement methodologies or credible references, with 85.7% not specifying how measurements were conducted and 57.1% lacking bibliographical citations.

1. Mondaini, Nicola; Gontero, Paolo (2005-01). "Idiopathic short penis: myth or reality?". BJU International. 95 (1): 8–9. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05238.x. ISSN 1464-4096. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
2. Veale, David; Miles, Sarah; Bramley, Sally; Muir, Gordon; Hodsoll, John (2015-06). "Am I normal? A systematic review and construction of nomograms for flaccid and erect penis length and circumference in up to 15 521 men". BJU International. 115 (6): 978–986. doi:10.1111/bju.13010. ISSN 1464-4096. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
3. Spitz, Aaron (2018). The Penis Book: A Doctor's Complete Guide to the Penis—From Size to Function and Everything in Between. Rodale Books. p. 43.
4. Chrouser, Kristin; Bazant, Eva; Jin, Linda; Kileo, Baldwin; Plotkin, Marya; Adamu, Tigistu; Curran, Kelly; Koshuma, Sifuni (2013-08). "Penile Measurements in Tanzanian Males: Guiding Circumcision Device Design and Supply Forecasting". Journal of Urology. 190 (2): 544–550. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.3200. ISSN 0022-5347. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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9. Nguyen Hoai, Bac; Pham Minh, Quan; Nguyen Cao, Thang; Sansone, Andrea; Colonnello, Elena; Jannini, Emmanuele A. (2021-05). "Data from 14,597 penile measurements of vietnamese men". Andrology. 9 (3): 906–915. doi:10.1111/andr.12978. ISSN 2047-2919. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
10. KM, Chung (December 1971). "A Study on the Penile Size of Korea Men". Korean Journal of Urology. 12 (4): 401–404 – via KoreaMed.
11. Yoon, Jong Seon; Lee, Gil Ho; Chang, Dae Soo (2016-06-16). "The Relationship between Height and Body Weight and Penile Size in University Students". Korean Journal of Urology (in Korean). 39 (11): 1061–1064. ISSN 0494-4747.
12. Park, Kwan-Jin (1998). "Penile Nomogram in Korean Males" (PDF). Korean Journal of Andrology. 16 (2): 153–158 – via MEDrang.
13. Park, Jong Kwan; Doo, A. Ram; Kim, Joo Heung; Park, Hyung Sub; Do, Jung Mo; Choi, Hwang; Park, Seung Chol; Kim, Myung Ki; Jeong, Young Beom; Kim, Hyung Jim; Kim, Young Gon; Shin, Yu Seob (2016-09-13). "Prospective investigation of penile length with newborn male circumcision and second to fourth digit ratio". Canadian Urological Association Journal. 10 (9–10): 296. doi:10.5489/cuaj.3590. ISSN 1920-1214. PMC 5028213. PMID 27695583.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
14. Schonfeld, William A.; Beebe, Gilbert W. (1942-12). "Normal Growth and Variation in the Male Genitalia from Birth to Maturity". Journal of Urology. 48 (6): 759–777. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(17)70767-7. ISSN 0022-5347. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
15. Herbenick, Debby; Reece, Michael; Schick, Vanessa; Sanders, Stephanie A. (2014-01-01). "Erect Penile Length and Circumference Dimensions of 1,661 Sexually Active Men in the United States". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 11 (1): 93–101. doi:10.1111/jsm.12244. ISSN 1743-6109.
16. Yafi, Faysal A.; Alzweri, Laith; McCaslin, Ian R.; Libby, Russell P.; Sangkum, Premsant; Sikka, Suresh C.; Hellstrom, Wayne J. G. (2018-11). "Grower or shower? Predictors of change in penile length from the flaccid to erect state". International Journal of Impotence Research. 30 (6): 287–291. doi:10.1038/s41443-018-0053-3. ISSN 0955-9930. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
17. Mulenga, Philippe Cilundika; Kazadi, Alex Bukasa (2016). "[Inaccurate information about the size of the penis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: about 21 information sources]". The Pan African Medical Journal. 24: 291. doi:10.11604/pamj.2016.24.291.9945. ISSN 1937-8688. PMC 5267935. PMID 28154646.

• Penis
• Human penis
• Human penis anatomy
• Andrology