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Islam had an early presence in the west coast of India as early as the 10th century gained a foothold in Karnataka with the arrival of the Bahmani Sultanate and Adil Shahi dynasty, which ruled parts of Karnataka.
Islam arrived in Karnataka and Kerala in the 7th century with Arab merchants trading in spices. Muslims introduced coffee, and the paper industry to the local economy. Following the 12th century, various Islamic armies established sultanates in this area such as the Bahamani sultanate of Bidar (1347–1510) and the Adilshahi dynasty of the Bijapur Sultanate (1490–1686). This land came under Mughal rule in the 17th century under Aurangzeb's rule. With the disintegration of Mughal rule, Hyder Ali and his son Tippu Sultan established their rule over the Mysore area. They violently resisted British rule in the area, but without adequate cooperation from other kingdoms, were defeated. Though killed by the British in 1799, Tipu Sultan was one of the only Indian leaders to defeat the British in battle, which made him as an iconic leader among the people in the modern era. In addition, the Nizam of Hyderabad ruled over large parts of Northeastern Karnataka. This land only became part of Karnataka after the passing of the 1956 States Reorganisation Act .
Muslims form approximately 12.92% of the population of Karnataka.
In coastal Karnataka in particular, Muslims form 24% of the population, the double of their overall share in the state, belonging to the Beary community which is known to be involved in trade and business, having particularly profited from the mass immigration to the Gulf from the '70s onward, owning diverse malls, hospitals, construction and educational institutions in the region.
On the other hand, the proportion of Muslims is lower in central Karnataka. The main spoken language of Muslims in interior Karnataka is a dialect called Deccani, often considered to be dialect of Urdu. Pinjara Muslims have Kannada as their mother tongue. At the south western coastal region i.e Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Kodagu there is concentration of muslims who speak Byari Bashe(mix of malayalam and tulu languages ), Kodava takk and malayalam spoken by sMappila Muslim. Other muslim groups like Nawayath are also found in the region.
References
- ^ Sastri (1955), p396
- Encyclopaedia of India : Pran Nath Copra (1995)
- "A Muslim Wedding in South Karnataka, India". Zawaj.com. 2010-04-27. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
- "Tipu Sultan killed at Seringapatam | History Today". www.historytoday.com. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
- "Karnataka Hindu Muslim Population". www.census2011.co.in. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
- ^ A. R. Fatihi. "Urdu in Karnataka". Language in India, Volume 2: 2002-12-09. M. S. Thirumalai, Managing Editor, Language in India. Retrieved 20 December 2024
- "Muslim Population in Districts of Karnataka - Muslim Census". 2021-02-27. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
- Dhingra, Sanya. "Why coastal Karnataka is southern India's 'Hindutva laboratory'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
- Sachar Committee Report.