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Revision as of 15:35, 29 December 2024 by Crisco 1492 (talk | contribs) (more)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)The Scarecrow Chinese: 稻草人; pinyin: Dàocǎorén is a collection of short fairy tales for children written by Ye Shengtao.
Summary
The Scarecrow consists of 23 short fairy tales, written between 1921 and 1922. It opens with "Little White Boat", in which two children take a beautiful white boat along a stream. Losing their way in a storm, they encounter an old man who promises to send them home if they can answer three questions: "Why do birds sing?", "Why do flowers have fragrance?", and "Why did the little white boat let you ride in it?" The children answer correctly, and are taken home.
Another story, "The Seed", expands upon the idea of flowers. It opens with a description of a seed, promised to be the most beautiful of all. It is acquired by a king, a rich man, a shopkeeper and a soldier, each of whom discards it soon after. Falling amidst a field of wheat, it is encountered by a peasant, who treats it with care. Soon, the seed blooms, bringing with it a great fragrance that blesses the peasant and his village.
A third story, "The Thrush", follows a thrush that lives in a golden cage and sings only for others. Escaping when the cage door is left open, the bird sees the misery of peasants and labourers. Considering the suffering, the thrush learns to songs of sadness for himself. His song is well received by the peasants, who cry "What a lovely song, what a lovely little thrush."
The final story, "The Scarecrow", follows a living scarecrow that comes face-to-face with the challenges experienced with three women: an old woman whose chance to break free of debt is endangered by swarms of insects devouring her crops, a fisherwoman forced to abandon her ailing son because she is the family's sole breadwinner, and a woman who seeks to kill herself to avoid being sold by her abusive husband. In all cases, the scarecrow waves his fan to prevent tragedy, but is unsuccessful.
Writing
For centuries, literature has been used in China as an educational primer for children.
The fairy tales in The Scarecrow were written by Ye Shengtao, who had taught at an elementary school in Suzhou, Jiangsu, before becoming a middle-school teacher. At the same time, he was an active editor of children's magazines. A proponent of the philosophy "literature for life", Ye believed that observation was paramount for a good writer.
Analysis
Writing in Chinese Social Sciences Today, Shang Jinlin of Peking University divides the stories in The Scarecrow into two categories: "Beautiful Fairy Tales" of idealized childhood dreams (such as "Little White Boat") and stories depicting the "Sorrow of Adults" (such as "A Happy Man" and "The Scarecrow") that criticize real-world situations. In her study of children's literature in China, Mary Ann Farquhar likewise notes a tendency for the stories to "swing between the light and the dark, the dream and the reality." The scholar of Chinese literature Jing Feng identified this shift as a transition from idealism to melancholy.
"Little White Boat" has been read as idealizing innocence, with Farquhar describing it as emphasizing the "special world of children" that had been advanced by Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren in essays. Farquhar finds similarities in "The Thrush" and Hans Christian Andersen's "The Nightingale", both of which follow a bird in a gilded cage and his song; Andersen's writing had been translated extensively into Chinese.
The focus on women in "The Scarecrow" continued a trend in Ye Shengtao's earlier writing. He had written an essay, "The Question of Women's Dignity", in 1919 and challenged the oppression of peasant women. Similarly, each woman's experience in "The Scarecrow" reflected contemporary customs that were deemed detrimental to women, including the requirement for widows to pay funerary costs as well as the practice of wife selling. In a 1982 retrospective, Ye Shengtao described the scarecrow as a representation of Republican-era intellectuals "who were conscientious, alert, and sympathetic, yet could not find a way to help to change the cruel reality."
The children's literature scholar Lijun Bi of Monash University sees a parallel between "The Scarecrow" and Alexander Pushkin's The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish (1833); where Pushkin's story sees the sea become increasingly turbulent in response to the fisherman's wishes, "The Scarecrow" depicts the night becoming darker as each new tragedy emerges. The titular scarecrow is granted particular characteristics through metaphor, being juxtaposed with humanity as not a creation of God but of peasants while also being described as more diligent than a buffalo or dog.
Reception and legacy
The Scarecrow was published by the Commercial Press in 1923. At the time of publication, the critic Zhu Ziqing praised Ye Shengtao's work for its social realism. In 1961, an English-language translation was published by the Foreign Languages Press.
Bi describes The Scarecrow as the first major work of children's literature in modern China. Other attempts at fairy tales followed. Ye Shengtao published another collection, The Stone Figure of an Ancient Hero, in 1931. Likewise, Zhang Tianyi published "Big Lin and Little Lin" in 1932.
References
- ^ Shang 2023.
- Farquhar 1999, pp. 96–97.
- Farquhar 1999, pp. 98–99.
- Farquhar 1999, pp. 99–100.
- Bi 2013, pp. 34–35.
- Bi 2013, p. 33.
- Farquhar 1999, p. 94.
- Farquhar 1999, p. 95.
- Farquhar 1999, p. 96.
- quoted in (Farquhar 1999, pp. 103–104)
- Farquhar 1999, p. 97.
- Farquhar 1999, p. 101.
- ^ Bi 2013, p. 36.
- Bi 2013, pp. 36–37.
- ^ Bi 2013, p. 35.
- Ye 1961.
- Bi 2013, p. 32.
Works cited
- Bi, Lijun (2013). "China's Patriotic Exposé: Ye Shengtao's Fairytale, Daocao ren ". Bookbird. 51 (2): 32–38. doi:10.1353/bkb.2013.0038.
- Farquhar, Mary Ann (1999). Children's Literature in China: From Lu Xun to Mao Zedong. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-47507-1.
- Shang, Jinlin (12 June 2023). "Ye Shengtao Made Chinese Fairy Tales from a Wilderness". Chinese Social Sciences Today. Archived from the original on 29 December 2024. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
- Ye, Shengtao (1961). The Scarecrow: A Collection of Stories for Children. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. ISBN 978-0-8351-1739-5.