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Komarekiona

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Kentucky earthworm
Scientific classification
Superkingdom: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Annelida
Class: Clitellata
Subclass: Oligochaeta
Order: Lumbriculida
Family: Komarekionidae
Genus: Komarekiona
Species: K. eatoni

Komarekiona eatoni, or the Kentucky earthworm, is a vulnerable species of nearctic Annelid. K. eatoni is found in the southwestern United States, especially near the Appalachian Mountains, though they range at least northwest to Illinois and northeast to Maryland. So far they have only been found in the unglaciated portions of Indiana.

It is the only species in the family Komarekionidae, though some sources have combined it into the family Hormogastridae.

The Kentucky earthworm is endogeic, meaning it lives in the soil and makes horizontal burrows.

Biology

The Kentucky earthworm's ovaries occur collectively. Its genome has between at least 143,281 contigs. The worm prefers less acidic environments.

Conservation

The Kentucky earthworm is susceptible to disturbance and competition with non-native species.

In North Carolina, the species was considered endangered.

References

  1. Reynolds, John Warren (May 2017). "EARTHWORMS (OLIGOCHAETA: ACANTHODRILIDAE, KOMAREKIONIDAE LUMBRICIDAE, MEGASCOLECIDAE, OCNERODRILIDAE AND SPARGANOPHILIDAE) IN THE RIDGE AND VALLEY ECOREGION (67), USA". Megadrilogica. 22 (5): 111–123. {{cite journal}}: line feed character in |title= at position 57 (help)
  2. Reynolds, John Warren (December 2015). "A CHECKLIST BY COUNTIES OF EARTHWORMS OLIGOCHAETA: ACANTHODRILIDAE, UDRILIDAE, KOMAREKIONIDAE, LUMBRICIDAE, MEGASCOLECIDAE, OCNERODRILIDAE AND PARGANOPHILIDAE) IN GEORGIA, USA". Megadrilogica. 19 (6): 85–114.
  3. Wetzel, Mark Julian; Reynolds, John Warren (December 2021). "A PRELIMINARY INVENTORY OF EARTHWORMS (ANNELIDA, CLITELLATA) OF THE NACHUSA GRASSLANDS AREA, LEE AND OGLE COUNTIES, ILLINOIS, USA". Megadrilogica. 26 (8): 91–125.
  4. ^ Reynolds, John Warren (January 2018). "FIRST EARTHWORM (ANNELIDA: OLIGOCHAETA) SPECIES' COLLECTIONS IN CANADA AND THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES". Megadrilogica. 23 (1): 1–50.
  5. Reynolds, John Warren; Wetzel, Mark Julian (March 2004). "Terrestrial Oligochaeta (Annelida:Clitellata) in North America North of Mexico". Megadrilogica. 9 (11): 82.
  6. Webb, Donald W.; Taylor, Steven J.; Krejca, Jean K. (1993). "The biological resources of Illinois caves and other subterranean environments". Illinois Natural History Survey Center for Biodiversity: 31.
  7. Reynolds, John Warren (April 2011). "The Earthworms (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Komarekionidae, Lumbricidae, Lutodrilidae, Megascolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae and Sparganophilidae) of Southeastern United States". Megadrilogica. 14 (9–12): 238, 301.
  8. Reynolds, John Warren (November 1974). "The earthworms of Maryland (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Lumbricidae, Megasolecidae, and Sparganophilidae)". Megadrilogica. 1 (11).
  9. Reynolds, John Warren (May 1994). "Earthworms of North Carolina (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae, Komarekionidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae and Sparganophilidae)". Megadrilogica. 5 (6).
  10. Reynolds, John Warren (January 1994). "The distribution of the earthworms (Oligochaeta) of Indiana: A case for the post quarterly introduction theory for megadrile migration in North America". Megadrilogica. 5 (3): 30.
  11. Edwards, C. A., ed. (2004). Earthworm ecology (2nd ed ed.). Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-8493-1819-1. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)
  12. Glasby, Christopher; Biriukova, Olga; Martin, Patrick; Dyne, Geoffrey; Utevsky, Serge; Wilson, Robin (2024-09-27), Annelida – diagnoses, descriptions and keys to family-level taxa, doi:10.3897/arphapreprints.e137961, retrieved 2025-01-01{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  13. "Earthworm Ecology". www.earthwormsoc.org.uk. Archived from the original on 20 December 2024. Retrieved 2025-01-01.
  14. Jamieson, B. G. M. (1988-12). "ON THE PHYLOGENY AND HIGHER CLASSIFICATION OF THE OLIGOCHAETA". Cladistics. 4 (4): 367–401. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1988.tb00520.x. ISSN 0748-3007. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. Belato Costa, Flavia Ariany (2019). "Diversidade e evolução de hemoglobinas extracelulares em Metazoa" [Diversity and evolution of extracellular hemoglobins in Metazoa.]. sucupira-legado.capes.gov.br (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 1 January 2025. Retrieved 2025-01-01.
  16. Boerner, R. E J. (April 2006). "Unraveling the Gordian Knot: Interactions among vegetation, topography, and soil properties in the central and southern Appalachians". The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. 133 (2): 321–361. doi:10.3159/1095-5674(2006)133[321:UTGKIA]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1095-5674.
  17. "Life histories and population dynamics of three earthworm species (Oligochaeta:Lumbricidae) in a northern Michigan hardwood forest". doi:10.25335/yqks-cy60. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  18. McGaugh, M. Houston; Genoways, Hugh H. (1976). "State laws as they pertain to scientific collecting permits". Museology. 2: 51.