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Rodolfo José Ghioldi (21 January 1891 – 3 July 1985) was an Argentine politician and journalist who was General-Secretary of the Communist Party of Argentina from 1918 to 1924.

Ghioldi was born in to the family of an Italian socialist immigrant who was a follower of Giuseppe Garibaldi. Ghioldi worked as a teacher until 1916 when he was dismissed from teaching because of his militant activities.

Ghioldi was one of the founding members of the Communist Party of Argentina, a the time the International Socialist Party, a break away from the Socialist Party after the October Revolution in Russia. Ghioldi was elected vice-president of the Federation of Socialist Youth (now the Communist Youth Federation) on 21 August 1917. After the party was admitted to the Communist International, Ghioldi was elected as its General Secretary.

As a representative of the South American Secretariat of the Communist International, he participated in the communist insurrection in Brazil, an uprising to overthrow the regime of Getúlio Vargas, which led to his imprisonment after its failure.

After years living in exile, Ghioldi returned to Argentina in 1940 with the hopes of building an anti-fascist and democratic front, which led to his arrest and imprisonment. After his release he resumed political activities and took leadership of the party newspaper La Hora. In 1951 he suffered an assassination attempt. In 1957 he participated in the Constituent Assembly as a representative of Santa Fe that repealed the Peronist constitution of 1949.

From the 1970s onwards Ghioldi mostly worked as a journalist and historian, he was designated as an honorary doctor of the Institute of the International Workers' Movement of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1977, and decorated in the Soviet Union with the Order of the "October Revolution" in 1972 and in 1977 with the Order of the "Friendship of Peoples".

1. Tarcus, Horacio; Ehrlich, Laura, eds. (2007). Diccionario biográfico de la izquierda argentina de los anarquistas a la "nueva izquierda", 1870-1976 (1a. ed ed.). Buenos Aires: Emecé. ISBN 978-950-04-2914-6. OCLC 173649387. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)
2. ^ Ghioldi, Rodolfo (1999). Rodolfo Ghioldi: un luchador social (in Spanish). Círculo de Legisladores de la Nación Argentina. ISBN 978-987-9336-17-5.
3. Concheiro, Elvira; Modonesi, Massimo; Crespo, Horacio Gutiérrez (2007). El comunismo: otras miradas desde América Latina (in Spanish). UNAM. ISBN 978-970-32-4068-5.