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The University of California, Los Angeles, generally known as UCLA, is a public university whose main campus is located in the affluent Westwood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States. Established as a branch of the state university in 1919, it is the second-oldest general-purpose campus in the University of California system and has the largest enrollment of any university in the state.

UCLA comprises of the College of Letters and Science, the primary undergraduate college, seven Professional schools, and five Professional Health Science schools. On average, UCLA's enrollment is about 35,000 students. UCLA has consistently placed well in external ratings systems. Academically, the university was ranked 14th in the world, and 12th in the nation.

UCLA has consistently had one of the most competitive admissions pools among American institutions of higher education. Out of 50,732 applicants for Fall 2007, 11,860 (23.38%) were admitted. For the past several years, no American university has had more applicants than UCLA. Students come to UCLA from all 50 states and more than 100 countries, though the majority of undergraduates are from California.

UCLA's athletic teams, the Bruins, have won 121 national championships, including 100 NCAA team championships as of 2007—more than any other university. UCLA is the first university to win 100 NCAA team titles.

In 2006, UCLA completed Campaign UCLA, which collected over $3.05 billion and is currently the most successful fundraising campaign in the history of higher education.

History

In March 1881, after heavy lobbying by Los Angeles residents, the California State Legislature authorized the creation of a southern branch of the California State Normal School in downtown Los Angeles to train teachers for the growing population of Southern California. The State Normal School at Los Angeles opened on August 29, 1882, on what is now the site of the Central Library of the Los Angeles Public Library system. The new facility included an elementary school where teachers-in-training could practice their teaching technique on real children. In 1887, the school became known as the Los Angeles State Normal School.

In 1914, the school moved to a new campus on Vermont Avenue in Hollywood. In 1917, UC Regent Edward A. Dickson, the only regent representing the Southland at the time, and Ernest Carroll Moore, Director of the Normal School, began working together to lobby the State for the school to become the second University of California campus. On May 23, 1919 their efforts were rewarded when Governor William D. Stephens signed Assembly Bill 626 into law, which turned the school into the Southern Branch of the University of California and added its general undergraduate program, the College of Letters and Science. The Southern Branch campus opened on September 15 of that year, offering two-year undergraduate programs to 250 Letters and Science students and 1,250 students in the Teachers College, under Moore's continued direction.

In 1925, the College of Letters and Science awarded its first Bachelor of Arts degrees to 100 women and 24 men. After first identifying themselves with "Cubs," then later "Grizzlies," (which was already taken by the University of Montana) the Southern Branch student council adopted the name "Bruins" for the athletic teams after they entered the Pacific Coast conference in 1926, a name offered by the student council at Berkeley.

Enrollment at the Southern Branch expanded so rapidly that by the mid-1920s the institution was outgrowing the 25 acre Vermont Avenue location. The Regents conducted a search for a new location and announced their selection of the so-called "Beverly Site"—just west of Beverly Hills—on March 21, 1925; the Vermont Campus became the location of Los Angeles City College. In 1927, the school was renamed the "University of California at Los Angeles" (the word "at" was officially replaced by a comma in 1958, in line with other UC campuses) and the state broke ground in Westwood on land sold for $1 million, less than one-third its value, by real estate developers Edwin and Harold Janss, for whom the Janss Steps are named.

The College Library (now Powell Library), Royce Hall, the Physics-Biology Building (now the Humanities Building) and the Chemistry Building (Now Haines Hall) were the original four buildings, arrayed around a quadrangular courtyard on the 400 acre (1.6 km²) campus. The first undergraduate classes on the new campus were held in 1929 with 5,500 students enrolled. In 1933, after heavy lobbying by alumni, faculty, administration and community leaders, UCLA was permitted to award the Master's degree, and in 1936, the doctorate, against resistance from Berkeley.

The UCLA student body in those years quickly gained a radical reputation. In 1934, Provost Moore declared UCLA "the worst hotbed of communism in the U.S," and suspended 5 members of the ASUCLA student government for allegedly “using their offices to assist the revolutionary activities of the National Student League, a Communist organization which has bedeviled the University for some months.” Over 3,000 students gathered to protest in Royce Quad, and campus police officers, attempting to silence the speakers, were thrown into some bushes. The crowd dispersed before any arrests were made, and University President Robert Sproul later reinstated the students.

In 1934, upon the death of William Andrews Clark, Jr., UCLA received its first major bequest—and still one of the most generous in its history—the William Andrews Clark Memorial Library. The rare books and manuscripts collection includes some of the world's largest collections of English literature, history, and fine printing.

Campus

When UCLA opened in 1929, it had only four buildings. Today, the campus includes 163 buildings across 419 acres (1.7 km²) in the western part of Los Angeles, north of the Westwood shopping district and just south of Sunset Boulevard. The campus is close but not adjacent to the San Diego Freeway.

The first campus buildings were designed by the local firm Allison & Allison. The Romanesque Revival style, of these first four structures remained the predominant building style on campus until the 1950s, when architect Welton Becket was hired to supervise the expansion of the campus over the next two decades. Becket greatly streamlined the general appearance of the campus, adding several rows of minimalist, slab-shaped brick buildings to the southern half of the campus, the largest of these being the UCLA Medical Center. Architects such as A. Quincy Jones, William Pereira and Paul Williams, among others, designed many subsequent structures on the campus during the mid-20th century. More recent additions include buildings designed by architects I.M. Pei, Richard Meier, Cesar Pelli, and Rafael Vinoly.

The University campus includes sculpture gardens, fountains, museums, and a mix of architectural styles. It is located in the residential area of Westwood and bordered by Bel-Air, Beverly Hills, and Brentwood. The campus is informally divided into North Campus and South Campus, which are both on the eastern half of the university's land. North Campus is the original campus core, with its buildings being more old-fashioned in appearance and clad in imported Italian brick. North Campus is home to the arts, humanities, social sciences, law, and business programs and is centered around oak tree-lined Dickson Court. South Campus is home to the physical sciences, life sciences, engineering, psychology, mathematical sciences, all health-related fields, and the UCLA Medical Center. The campus is in a constant state of change with multiple construction projects, including new residence areas, teaching and laboratory space, and a new hospital.

Ackerman Union, the John Wooden Center, the Arthur Ashe Health and Wellness Center, the Student Activities Center, Kerckhoff Hall, the J.D. Morgan Center, the James West Alumni Center, and Pauley Pavilion stand at the center of the campus. The Hill is linked to the remainder of campus by a heavily traveled pathway called Bruin Walk, which bisects the campus. In order to accommodate UCLA's rapidly growing student population, multiple construction and renovation projects are in progress, including expansions of the life sciences and engineering research complexes.

The tallest building on campus is named after Ralph Bunche, an African-American alumnus, who received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating an armistice agreement between the Jews and Arabs in Palestine. A bust of him, on the entrance to Bunche Hall, overlooks the Sculpture Garden. He was the first individual of non-European background and the first UCLA alumnus to be honored with the Prize.

The campus has a large number of parking garages, both above-ground and below-ground. Yet, the university continues to suffer from a severe parking shortage which is further compounded by Southern California's regional housing shortage. The university has given priority in allocation of parking spaces to staff and some students, regardless of living distances. There are many facilities with local buses. There are, in addition, other transportation services that the university provides for its students, such as "rideshares" and vanpools. Also, the "BruinGo" program allows students and staff members to use local bus services (such as Santa Monica's "Big Blue Bus" initially used as a free initiative) for a reduced fare from numerous terminals located on the campus.

With a location near Hollywood and a world-famous film and television school, the UCLA campus has attracted filming for decades. Much of the 1985 film Gotcha! was shot at UCLA, as well as John Singleton's Higher Learning (1995). Legally Blonde, Erin Brockovich, and American Pie 2 all were mainly shot at the university campus or locale. In response to the major demand for filming, UCLA instated a policy on filming and professional photography at the campus. "UCLA is located in Los Angeles, the same place as the American motion picture industry," said UCLA visiting professor of film and television Jonathan Kuntz. "So we're convenient for (almost) all of the movie companies, TV production companies, commercial companies and so on. We're right where the action is."

Academics

UCLA features the College of Letters and Science, seven general campus professional schools, and four professional schools of health science. Collectively, these schools serve about 25,000 undergraduate and 11,000 graduate students.

Created in 1923, the College of Letters and Science has 34 academic departments and 900 faculty, and houses the majority of UCLA's 129 undergraduate majors as well as the students in the Graduate Division of Letters and Sciences. Its programs are divided into five academic divisions: humanities, social sciences, life sciences, physical sciences, and the International Institute.

Students at both levels are enrolled in the School of the Arts and Architecture, the Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, and the School of Theater, Film, and Television, while the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, the Anderson School of Management, the School of Public Affairs, and the School of Law serve graduate students.

The David Geffen School of Medicine, along with the School of Nursing, School of Dentistry, and School of Public Health, comprise the professional schools of health science. In 2005, UCLA announced its five-year plan to establish the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine; the state of California is rare in its public funding of research with new embryonic stem cell lines. The California NanoSystems Institute is another project that was created out of a partnership with the University of California, Santa Barbara to pioneer innovations in the field of nanotechnology.

Rankings

In the August 21-28, 2006 issue of Newsweek (also released as the 2007 issue of the Kaplan Guide to Colleges), UCLA is listed as one of "25 New Ivies". Newsweek also ranked UCLA 12th in its annual ranking of the Top 100 Global universities, ahead of many private schools like Princeton(15th) and Cornell(19th) and USC(54th). In the September 2006, issue of the The Washington Monthly's "College Rankings" UCLA is ranked as No. 4 in terms of involvement in community service activities among all universities in the United States.

UCLA was ranked 12th in North America and 14th in the world by the annual list, Top 500 World Universities, published by the Institute of Higher Education at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China in terms of quality of scientific research leading to a Nobel Prize. UCLA was ranked 16th in the country and 31st in the world by The Times Higher Education Supplement’s list of the top 200 universities in the world.

UCLA took the second spot among all universities (surpassed only by Johns Hopkins University), and the top spot among public universities, for research spending in the sciences and engineering during the fiscal year 2004, according to a 2006 report by the National Science Foundation—UCLA spent $773 million.

UCLA's School of Law, Anderson School of Management, School of Public Affairs, and School of Medicine consistently rank among the top five to ten in the United States. UCLA's oldest operating unit, the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies (GSEIS), was ranked 2nd among American graduate schools of education in the 2006 edition of U.S. News and World Report, America's Best Graduate Schools.

In the Institute for Scientific Information's 2004 database, 48 UCLA professors were listed as highly cited, making UCLA faculty 11th in the United States; as of December 2006, there were 54 highly cited faculty.

In 1995, of the 36 Ph.D. programs examined by the National Research Council, eleven departments were ranked in the top 10:

Thirty-one of the Ph.D. programs examined were ranked in the top 20, third highest in the country.

Library system

UCLA's library system has over eight million books and 70,000 serials spread over 12 libraries and 11 other archives, reading rooms, and research centers. It is ranked 13th in the United States, in terms of number of volumes.

The first library, University library (presently Powell), was founded in 1883. In 1910, Elizabeth Fargo became the university's first librarian. Lawrence Powell became librarian in 1944, and began a series of system overhauls and modifications, and in 1959, he was named Dean of the School of Library Service. More libraries were added as previous ones filled. Page Ackerman became University Librarian in 1973, and was the nation's first female librarian of a system as large as UCLA's. She oversaw the first coordinations between other UC schools, and formed a new administrative network that is still in use today. Since her retirement, the system has seen steady growth and improvement under various Librarians. The present University Librarian is Gary E. Strong, who has been in office since September 1, 2003.

Admissions

Undergraduate

Fall freshman statistics

This table does not account deferred
applications or other unique situations.

UCLA is one of the most selective schools in the UC system. UCLA received 50,694 applications for the Fall 2007 freshman class, continuing its record of having the most applications for a single class, a title it has held for a decade.

The number of applications for Fall 2007 increased 7.1 percent from 2006.

One of the major current debates is over the decreasing admission of African-Americans and Latinos, especially since the passage of Proposition 209 in 1996. Out of the 4,700 students in the Fall 2006 class, only 96 are black, and 20 of those are recruited athletes. This is the lowest number of blacks admitted to UCLA in more than 30 years, and it comes at a time when the other schools in the UC system are seeing an increase. In response to this issue, UCLA decided to shift to a more "holistic" admissions process, similar to that of UC Berkeley, starting Fall 2007. Preliminary data show that the overall number of underrepresented student applicants at UCLA — Native Americans, African Americans and Chicanos/Latinos — increased from 10,097 in fall 2006 (22.2 percent of 2006 applicants) to 11,414 for fall 2007 (23.6 percent).

Graduate

In Fall 2005 the David Geffen School of Medicine admitted 4.5 percent of its applicants, the School of Law admitted 16.1 percent, and the Anderson School of Management admitted 30.6 percent.

According to the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) Guide to Dental Schools, 44th Ed., the UCLA School of Dentistry had more than 1,465 applicants for 88 seats in the entering class of 2006. The average Dental Admissions Test (DAT) score for admitted students in the entering class of 2006 was 21.6 on the academic portion and 18.5 on the perceptual aptitude portion of the DAT.

Faculty and alumni

UCLA faculty (including emeriti) have a history of achieving academic honors and prestigious awards. Most prominently, 83 professors are members of the honor society, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and 52 have been awarded Guggenheim Fellows grants since 1992. Six professors have been awarded the Nobel Prize, and Jared Diamond, the professor of Geography, won a Pulitzer Prize for his book Guns, Germs, and Steel. Four alumni have also received Nobel Prizes for achievements in science and Peace; notably, Glenn T. Seaborg ('34) was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1951 for his discoveries about the transuranium elements. In 2006, 54 faculty members were listed as "Highly Cited" by the Institute for Scientific Information.

Athletics

The school's sports teams are called the Bruins, with colors "true blue" and gold. The Bruins participate in NCAA Division I-A as part of the Pacific Ten Conference. Two notable sports facilities serve as home venues for UCLA sports. The Bruin football team plays home games at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California; the team won a national title in 1954. The men's and women's basketball and volleyball teams, and the gymnastics team (women's) play at Pauley Pavilion on campus.

The Bruin mascots are Joe and Josephine Bruin, and the fight songs are Sons of Westwood and Mighty Bruins. The alma mater is Hail to the Hills of Westwood.

When Henry R. "Red" Sanders came to UCLA to coach football in 1949, the uniforms were redesigned. Sanders added a gold loop on the shoulders—the UCLA Stripe. The navy blue was changed to a lighter shade of blue. Sanders figured that the baby blue would look better on the field and in film. He dubbed the baby blue uniform "Powder Keg Blue," powder blue with an explosive kick.

UCLA is competitive in all major Division I-A sports and, as of 2007, has won 121 national championships, including 100 NCAA championships, more than any other university. Among these championships, some of the more notable victories are in men's basketball. Under legendary coach John Wooden, UCLA men's basketball teams won 10 NCAA championships, including a record seven consecutive, in 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, and 1975, and an 11th was added under then-coach Jim Harrick in 1995 (thru 2006, the most consecutive by any other team is two). From 1971 to 1974, UCLA men's basketball won an unprecedented 88 consecutive games. Jackie Robinson, Rafer Johnson, Yang Chuan-kwang (C.K. Yang), Walt Hazzard, Gail Goodrich, Troy Aikman, Arthur Ashe, Gary Beban, Jimmy Connors, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Lew Alcindor), Jackie Joyner-Kersee, Bill Walton, Baron Davis, Kenny Washington, Reggie Miller, Troy Glaus and Ann Meyers are just some of the notable athletic alumni.

In regards to UCLA basketball and its high expectations, former UCLA basketball player and current Seattle Supersonics player Earl Watson commented, "Eleven national championships, the best coach to coach the game says a lot . I take offense to those who act like UCLA is just another school compared to Duke. Duke is a great school in the east, but UCLA is worldwide."

UCLA has also shown dominance in men's volleyball, with 19 national championships. All 19 teams were led by current coach Al Scates, which ties him with John McDonnell of the University of Arkansas as NCAA leader for national championships in a single sport.

In addition to its basketball and volleyball championships, UCLA has won NCAA Division I championships in the following events:

Men's sports: Golf (1), Gymnastics (2), Soccer (4), Swimming (1), Tennis (16), Track & Field (8), Water Polo (8).

Women's sports: Golf (2), Gymnastics (5), Softball (10), Track & Field (5), Volleyball (3), Water Polo (5).

UCLA also won a title in Division I-A Football in 1954, however the NCAA does not award a championship for football.

UCLA has medaled in every Olympic Games they have participated in. In the 2004 Athens games, UCLA sent 56 athletes, more than any other university, who won 19 medals.

During the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, UCLA served as the host for many events. Many of the on-campus residences were used as part of a collaborative Olympic Village for the participants.

UCLA and USC

UCLA shares a traditional sports rivalry with the nearby University of Southern California. USC is generally perceived as the dominant football team, while UCLA tends to succeed more in basketball. In football, USC has 11 Division I national champion teams, and 35 Pacific Coast Conference titles. UCLA has one national champion team, and 16 conference titles. Under John Wooden, UCLA became a dominating power in men's basketball, winning 11 NCAA championships, against USC's none.

The schools share a rivalry in many other sports. In volleyball, UCLA won 19 NCAA Men's Volleyball Championships against USC's six. Both schools have won sixteen NCAA Men's Tennis Championships. The Lexus Gauntlet is the name given to the official competition between the two schools in 18 varsity sports. This rivalry even extends to the Olympic Games, where UCLA athletes have won 213 medals, and USC athletes have won 234.

Student life

Students have access to a variety of activities while not attending class. The campus' proximity to Los Angeles makes excursions to local museums, theaters, or other entertainment venues relatively quick and easy. UCLA offers classical orchestras, intramural sports, and over 800 student organizations. The student government at UCLA is the Associated Students UCLA (ASUCLA), governed by a student majority board of directors. It is the umbrella organization that includes the two branches of UCLA's student government, the Graduate Students Association (GSA) and the Undergraduate Students Association Council (USAC), the UCLA Store, the Student Union, Restaurants, Trademark & Licensing, and Student Media (including the UCLA Daily Bruin).

Housing

UCLA provides over 9,500 undergraduates with housing, in 14 complexes on the western side of campus. Students can live in halls, plazas, or suites, which vary in pricing and privacy. Housing plans also offer students access to dining facilities. The university also provides housing to a limited number of graduate students.

Media publications

Most student media publications distributed on-campus are governed by the UCLA Communications Board. The Daily Bruin is UCLA's most prominent student publication. Founded in 1919 under the name Cub Californian, it has since then developed into Los Angeles' third-most circulated newspaper. It has won over 20 national awards in the last five years, and is regularly commended for layout and content. The newspaper has not been without scrutiny and controversy, and in 1954, the administration attempted to intervene with the previous policy of electing editors by a student council. Other publications, such as the English-Spanish news-magazine, La Gente de Aztlan cover more specialized topics not found in the Daily Bruin.

Traditions

The university has many traditions and annual events involving students, community, or the city. The school hosts events that usually require participation from more than just the student body, and competitions can occasionally involve celebrity judges and performers.

The unique 73-year old Unicamp is UCLA's official charity. It is a summer camp for lower-income children of Los Angeles, where counselors (called "Woodseys") are volunteers from the student body. To introduce new students to clubs and activities, UCLA starts the fall quarter with BruinBash on the Sunday before the first week of class, followed by other Welcome Week activities. The Bash includes a concert, movie, and entertainment. Past performers include Thrice, Common, and Xzibit and Rooney in 2006.

More traditional student events also take place throughout the school year. The quarterly Undie Run takes place during the Wednesday evening of Finals Week, when students run through the campus in their underwear or in skimpy costumes. It ends with students cavorting in the fountains outside Powell Library. As attendance increased, committees in charge of organizing the event deemed it necessary to employ the UC Police during the event, to ward off vandalism and dangerous activity.

The Alumni Association sponsors several events, usually large extravaganzas involving huge amounts of coordination. An example of this is the 60-year old Spring Sing, an annual gala of student talent, which is held at the Los Angeles Tennis Center on campus. The committee bestows the George and Ira Gershwin Lifetime Achievement Award each year to a major contributor to the music industry. Past recipients have included Stevie Wonder, Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald, James Taylor, and in 2007, Quincy Jones. The Dinner for 12 Strangers, a common tradition among universities, is a gathering of students, alumni, administration and faculty to network around different interests.

Various student groups organize schoolwide fundraisers such as the Jazz Reggae Festival, a two-day concert on Memorial Day weekend that attracts more than 20,000 attendees. The Dance Marathon is an annual event with hundreds of student dancers committed to raising money and otherwise joining together to support the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation. Since 2002, the Marathon has raised over $650,000.

Activism

In 1995, 2001, and 2004, Mother Jones magazine named UCLA in its annual listing of the Top 10 Activist Campuses, reflecting the rallying spirit of its student bodies over the years. In the 1960s, along with other American campuses, UCLA emerged as a staging area for massive protests against the Vietnam War. The protests at UCLA began in 1967, when over 500 students protested the recruitment of graduates by Dow Chemicals, which produced napalm, an incendiary chemical used in the war. The protests escalated as the war continued.

During the 1969-70 school year, various activist organizations were infiltrated by federal agents who provoked conflicts between them. On January 17,1969, UCLA students and Black Panther Party members John Huggins, 23, and Bunchy Carter, 26, were slain in Campbell Hall by members of United Slaves, a rival black power organization headed by Maulana Karenga. Later, it was reported that members of the FBI had infiltrated both groups and exacerbated tensions between them as part of the COINTELPRO program.

Later in 1969, the UC regents fired Angela Davis, a radical feminist and lecturer in the Philosophy Department, for openly identifying as a member of the Communist Party USA. Outraged faculty threatened to withhold grades if Davis was not reinstated, and nearly 2,000 students crammed into Royce Hall's auditorium when Davis delivered her first lecture despite the regents' decision to remove credit for the class. The overflowing audience gave the 25-year-old professor a standing ovation. On October 22, Vice Chancellor Charles E. Young complied with a state superior court order overruling the regents' decision by restoring course credit to Davis's class. Eight months later, the regents again dismissed Davis from the UCLA faculty.

On May 5, 1970 students protesting the Kent State shootings marched through campus and vandalized several buildings, including an ROTC building. A fire caused $5,000 worth of damage, destroying part of Murphy Hall. Chancellor Young declared a State of Emergency and summoned the LAPD on campus; 74 arrests were made and 12 people reported injuries. This demonstration and many others at UC campuses throughout the state caused then-Governor Ronald Reagan to shut down the state's colleges and universities for the first time in California's history.

Campus political debate in the 1980s centered primarily on the South African government's apartheid policies, the U.S.'s Central American policy, as well as the implementation of affirmative action in the state. In 1988 poor race relations on campus lead to student riots over the disqualification of Lloyd Monserratt as student body president in a campaign that pitted a coalition of minority students against the candidates put forth by members of the Greek system (this antagonism continues today).

In the 1990s, student activists tended to focus on university and statewide concerns, such as union recognition for graduate teaching assistants, the expansion of the Chicano Studies Center, Proposition 187, which denied social services to illegal immigrants, and Proposition 209, which ended affirmative action in California.

The Bruin Republicans held the first affirmative action bake sale protesting racial preferences in 2003, a practice which has been copied by other conservative student groups at universities across the country. In 2006, Andrew Jones, former Bruin Republicans president and Daily Bruin columnist, founded the IRS-recognized non-profit organization known as the Bruin Alumni Association, though the organization is not affiliated with the university, with Bruin Republicans, or with any on-campus student organization. Its stated purpose is to expose the "Dirty Thirty" most liberal professors at UCLA. Controversy developed over Jones' offer of monetary compensation for students who recorded the lectures of faculty members for later exposure on his site.

Other recent activism includes a movement since 2004 to pressure the UC Regents to divest from Sudan because of the mass killings in the Darfur region. In March 2006 the Regents voted in favor of divestment, becoming the largest university system yet to do so.

Major incidents

ARPANET

ARPANET, the world's first electronic computer network, was established on October 29, 1969 between nodes at Leonard Kleinrock's lab at UCLA and Douglas Engelbart's lab at Stanford Research Institute, in Menlo Park, CA. Interface Message Processors at both sites served as the backbone of the first Internet. In addition to SRI and UCLA, the University of California, Santa Barbara, and University of Utah were part of the original four network nodes.

Turing Award laureate Vinton Cerf was a doctoral student in the computer science department under Kleinrock in early 1970s and also worked on the ARPANET. He would later team with Bob Kahn in the writing of the seminal 1974 paper A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication. This work proved foundational for their later development of the Transmission Control Protocol - TCP/IP protocol.

In 1988, Kleinrock also chaired a group which produced the report Toward a National Research Network. This report was presented to Congress and was so influential on then-Senator Al Gore that it proved to be the foundation for what would be passed as the High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991, written and developed by Gore. Indeed, funding for the development of Mosaic in 1993, the World Wide Web browser which is often credited as leading to the Internet boom during the mid-1990s, came from the High-Performance Computing and Communications Initiative, a program created by the High Performance Computing Act of 1991. On January 11,1994, as Vice-President, Gore gave the opening speech for the The Superhighway Summit held at UCLA's Royce Hall. In 2001, Gore joined the faculty of UCLA as a visiting professor in the School of Public Policy and Social Research, Department of Policy Studies, family-centered community building.

Data breach

Between October 2005 and November 2006, an experienced hacker broke into a university database containing approximately 800,000 files of personal information. Names, Social Security Numbers, and basic contact information was contained in these files, but banking numbers were not. On November 21, 2006, the system administrators noticed unauthorized activity and blocked futher access to the database. While it was not conclusive whether the hacker used these records to commit identity theft or fraud, it was determined that very few records were actually accessed and even fewer specifics were obtained.

Taser incident

On November 14, 2006, student Mostafa Tabatabainejad was stunned several times by campus police for allegedly refusing to be escorted out of Powell Library, following his refusing to present his BruinCard to a Community Service Officer. Response was propagated by a video of the incident caught on a camera phone. Over 400 students, faculty, and related UCLA people gathered at Kerckoff Hall on November 17, 2006 to protest. Tabatabainejad filed a lawsuit on January 17, 2007 claiming the officers used excessive force and violated the Americans with Disabilities Act. His attorney, Paul Hoffman, expects the case to be heard next fall.

Peripheral enterprises

Trademarks and Licensing

The UCLA trademark also sells as an overseas clothing and accessories brand. This trend arises from the school's academic reputation and popular images of the Southern California lifestyle, emphasizing freedom in a land of perpetual sunshine. High demand for UCLA apparel has inspired the licensing of its trademark to UCLA brand stores throughout East Asia. Since 1980, 15 UCLA stores have opened in South Korea, and five in Mainland China. There are also stores in Mexico, Singapore, and Europe. Cindy Holmes, the licensing director of UCLA Trademarks and Licensing, has stated that UCLA makes $400,000 in royalties each year through its international licensing program.

Hospitality

Hospitality constituents of the university include departments not directly related to student life or administration. The Hospitality department manages the UCLA Guest House, a full-service, on-campus hotel. The 61-room Guest House services those visiting the university for campus-related activities. The department also manages the UCLA Conference Center, a 40 acre (0.2 km²) convention center in the San Bernardino Mountains near Lake Arrowhead. Hospitality also operates UCLA Catering, a Vending Machine distributor, and support for conferences on location.

UCLA Healthcare

The UCLA Medical Center is actually part of a larger healthcare system, UCLA Healthcare, which also operates a hospital in Santa Monica and seven primary care clinics throughout Los Angeles County. In addition, the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine uses three Los Angeles County hospitals as teaching hospitals: Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and Olive View-UCLA Medical Center. In 1981, the UCLA Medical Center made history when an assistant professor named Michael Gottlieb first diagnosed an unknown affliction later to be called AIDS. UCLA medical researchers pioneered the use of PET scanning to study brain function. Nitric oxide, one of the most important molecules in cardiopulmonary physiology was discovered by UCLA researchers, who were awarded the Nobel Prize. This discovery has revolutionized medicine.

In the 2006 edition of U.S. News and World Report, UCLA Medical Center was ranked best in the West, as well as one of the top 5 hospitals in the United States alongside Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Johns Hopkins Hospital. UCLA Medical Center ranked in the top 20 in 15 of the 16 medical specialty areas examined. Specialties ranked in the top 20: Cancer (9th), Heart and Heart Surgery (9th), Neurology and Neurosurgery (7th), Psychiatry (5th), Endocrinology (10th), Pediatrics (15th), Opthamology (5th), Ear Nose and Throat (11th), Respiratory Disorders (13th), Orthopedics (8th), Kidney Disease (8th), Rheumatology (7th), Digestive Disorders (5th), and Gynecology (12th).

References

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9. ^ Bartlett, Lauren (2007-01-24). "UCLA Remains the Country's Most Popular University with More Than 50,000 High School Seniors Applying for Fall". UCLA News. UCLA. Retrieved 2007-05-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
10. Moore, David L. (2007). "Winning becomes second nature at UCLA". USA Today. Retrieved 2007-05-18.
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12. ^ Hamilton, Andrew (2004-06-18). "(UC) Los Angeles: Historical Overview". University of California History, Digital Archives (from Berkeley). Retrieved 2006-06-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
13. "UCLA University Archives". UCLA Library. 2007-01-20. Retrieved 2006-06-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
14. Garrigues, George (2001). "The Daily Bruin Is Born". Loud Bark and Curious Eyes, A History of the UCLA Daily Bruin, 1919-1955. Retrieved 2006-07-03.
15. UCLA Alumni (2007). "Alumni & UCLA History". UCLA Alumni Association. Retrieved 2006-06-20.
16. ^ UCLA Alumni (2005). "Communists on Campus". UCLA Alumni Association. Retrieved 2006-03-20.
17. "TOP 10 GIFTS". UCLA Today. Retrieved 2007-04-28.
18. Ong, Paul (2004). "The State of Southern California's Housing" (PDF). UCLA School of Public Affairs. Retrieved 2007-05-022. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
19. Dukakis, Michael and Shoup, Donald (2002). "Why BruinGO should stay". UCLA Today. Retrieved 2007-05-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
20. Morabito, Sam (2004-01-23). "UCLA Policy 863: Filming and Photography on Campus". UCLA Administrative Policies & Procedures Manual. Retrieved 2007-05-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
21. "Jonathan Kuntz - Visiting Associate Professor". UCLA School of Theater, Film, and Television. 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-21.
22. "About CNSI". California NanoSystems Institute. 2006. Retrieved 2007-05-21.
23. Kantrowitz, Barbara and Springen, Karen (2006). "25 New Ivies". Newsweek. Retrieved 2006-08-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
24. "The Complete List: The Top 100 Global Universities". Newsweek. 2006. Retrieved 2007-05-20.
25. Glastris, Paul (2006). "The Washington Monthly College Rankings - National Universities". Washington Monthly. Retrieved 2006-08-18.
26. "Education news & resources at the Times Higher Education Supplement". The Times Higher Education Supplement. 2005. Retrieved 2006-07-07.
27. Research dollars recognized. Daily Bruin. Accessed July 6, 2006.
28. "America's Best Graduate Schools 2008". US News. 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
29. ^ Thomson Scientific (2002). "List of UCLA Highly Cited Researchers". ISI Highly Cited Researchers Version 1.1. Retrieved 2006-12-02.
30. 1995 National Research Council Report on Quality in Ph.D. Education in the U.S.. UC Berkeley Graduate Publications. Accessed July 6, 2006.
31. "The Nation's Largest Libraries". American Library Association. 2007. Retrieved 2006-12-12.
32. "A Tribute to Lawrence Clark Powell". UCLA Library. 2006. Retrieved 2006-12-13.
33. Setzer, Dawn (2006-03-09). "Obituary: Page Ackerman, Former UCLA University Librarian". UCLA News. Retrieved 2006-12-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
34. "University Librarian Gary E. Strong". UCLA Library. 2007-05-11. Retrieved 2007-05-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
35. Smallwood, Scott (2006-09-29). "UCLA Adopts 'Holistic' Model in Admissions to Stem Decline in Minority Enrollment". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved 2007-05-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
36. USNews.com: University of California, Los Angeles (2006). U.S. News & World Report. Accessed June 25, 2006.
37. UCLA (2007). "Nobel Prize Winners". Official site. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
38. "The Pulitzer Prize Winners in 1998". Pulitzer Board. 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-21.
39. "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951". Nobel Foundation. 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-21.
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42. "Lexus Gauntlet". CollegeSports. Retrieved 2007-04-13.
43. "UCLA's Olympic Medal Winners". UCLA Bruins. 2004. Retrieved 2007-05-22.
44. "USC OLYMPIANS: 1904-2004" (PDF). Fans Only (CSTV). 2004. Retrieved 2007-05-22.
45. ^ Rushovich, Colin (2005-12-12). "Undie Run safety at issue". The Daily Bruin. Retrieved 2007-05-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
46. "Gershwin Award Winners". Alumni Association. 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-21.
47. Valentine, Jane (2004-01-21). "Dinner with 12 strangers is a feast for friends". UCLA Today. Retrieved 2007-05-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
48. "What's DM?". Bruin Dance Marathon. 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-21.
49. | Tribute recalls fallen Black Panthers. Daily Bruin. Accessed November 26, 2006.
50. AP, Report (May 29, 1988). "U.C.L.A. Protesters Disrupt Voting for Student President". New York Times. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
51. PASTERNAK, JUDY (May 27, 1988). "Racial Tension Erupts In Melee at UCLA (Part 2; Pg. 1)". Los Angeles Times. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
52. Suvansilpakit, Vanda (January 13, 2003). "Political activist, former Bruin dies". Daily Bruin. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
53. Soteros-Mcnamara, Thomas (April 18, 2002). "Ballot, online voting have pros, cons". Daily Bruin. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |http://www.dailybruin.com/news/printable.asp?id= ignored (help)
54. Gordon, Larry (June 2, 1988). "Bodyguards Assigned To UCLA Activists for Vote (Part 2; p. 1)". Los Angeles Times. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
55. Internet Began 35 Years Ago at UCLA. News: Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science. Accessed October 30, 2004.
56. Toward a National Research Network (1988). The National Academic Press. Accessed March 20, 2006.
57. A bill...to ensure continued United States leadership in high-performance computing. MIT Web archive. Accessed March 20, 2006.
58. Andreessen, Marc (1993-09-10). "NCSA Mosaic". Aleks Totić. Retrieved 2007-05-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
59. Gore, Al (1996-02-14). "The Technology Challenge: How Can America Spark Private Innovation?". University of Washington - Computer Science and Engineering. Retrieved 2007-05-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
60. REMARKS BY VICE PRESIDENT AL GORE. Clinton Foundation. Accessed December 31, 2006.
61. Archive Index 1994, January 13, 1994: Vol. 14, No. 9. UCLA Today. Accessed March 20, 2006.
62. Gore taps faculty expertise, UCLA TODAY, (2001)
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64. ^ Fernando, Menaka (2005-04-05). "UCLA name, L.A. lifestyle marketable overseas". The Daily Bruin. UCLA. Retrieved 2005-05-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
65. "Guest House Hotel". Official site. 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-21.
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67. "Conference Services". Official site. 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-21.
68. US News and World Report Hospital Rankings. US News and World Report. Accessed December 2, 2006.

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